| 1 | '\" t
|
|---|
| 2 | .\" Title: smbpasswd
|
|---|
| 3 | .\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR" section]
|
|---|
| 4 | .\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.75.2 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
|
|---|
| 5 | .\" Date: 08/02/2011
|
|---|
| 6 | .\" Manual: File Formats and Conventions
|
|---|
| 7 | .\" Source: Samba 3.5
|
|---|
| 8 | .\" Language: English
|
|---|
| 9 | .\"
|
|---|
| 10 | .TH "SMBPASSWD" "5" "08/02/2011" "Samba 3\&.5" "File Formats and Conventions"
|
|---|
| 11 | .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|---|
| 12 | .\" * set default formatting
|
|---|
| 13 | .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|---|
| 14 | .\" disable hyphenation
|
|---|
| 15 | .nh
|
|---|
| 16 | .\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
|
|---|
| 17 | .ad l
|
|---|
| 18 | .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|---|
| 19 | .\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
|
|---|
| 20 | .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|---|
| 21 | .SH "NAME"
|
|---|
| 22 | smbpasswd \- The Samba encrypted password file
|
|---|
| 23 | .SH "SYNOPSIS"
|
|---|
| 24 | .PP
|
|---|
| 25 | smbpasswd
|
|---|
| 26 | .SH "DESCRIPTION"
|
|---|
| 27 | .PP
|
|---|
| 28 | This tool is part of the
|
|---|
| 29 | \fBsamba\fR(7)
|
|---|
| 30 | suite\&.
|
|---|
| 31 | .PP
|
|---|
| 32 | smbpasswd is the Samba encrypted password file\&. It contains the username, Unix user id and the SMB hashed passwords of the user, as well as account flag information and the time the password was last changed\&. This file format has been evolving with Samba and has had several different formats in the past\&.
|
|---|
| 33 | .SH "FILE FORMAT"
|
|---|
| 34 | .PP
|
|---|
| 35 | The format of the smbpasswd file used by Samba 2\&.2 is very similar to the familiar Unix
|
|---|
| 36 | passwd(5)
|
|---|
| 37 | file\&. It is an ASCII file containing one line for each user\&. Each field ithin each line is separated from the next by a colon\&. Any entry beginning with \'#\' is ignored\&. The smbpasswd file contains the following information for each user:
|
|---|
| 38 | .PP
|
|---|
| 39 | name
|
|---|
| 40 | .RS 4
|
|---|
| 41 | This is the user name\&. It must be a name that already exists in the standard UNIX passwd file\&.
|
|---|
| 42 | .RE
|
|---|
| 43 | .PP
|
|---|
| 44 | uid
|
|---|
| 45 | .RS 4
|
|---|
| 46 | This is the UNIX uid\&. It must match the uid field for the same user entry in the standard UNIX passwd file\&. If this does not match then Samba will refuse to recognize this smbpasswd file entry as being valid for a user\&.
|
|---|
| 47 | .RE
|
|---|
| 48 | .PP
|
|---|
| 49 | Lanman Password Hash
|
|---|
| 50 | .RS 4
|
|---|
| 51 | This is the LANMAN hash of the user\'s password, encoded as 32 hex digits\&. The LANMAN hash is created by DES encrypting a well known string with the user\'s password as the DES key\&. This is the same password used by Windows 95/98 machines\&. Note that this password hash is regarded as weak as it is vulnerable to dictionary attacks and if two users choose the same password this entry will be identical (i\&.e\&. the password is not "salted" as the UNIX password is)\&. If the user has a null password this field will contain the characters "NO PASSWORD" as the start of the hex string\&. If the hex string is equal to 32 \'X\' characters then the user\'s account is marked as
|
|---|
| 52 | \fBdisabled\fR
|
|---|
| 53 | and the user will not be able to log onto the Samba server\&.
|
|---|
| 54 | .sp
|
|---|
| 55 | \fIWARNING !!\fR
|
|---|
| 56 | Note that, due to the challenge\-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will be able to impersonate the user on the network\&. For this reason these hashes are known as
|
|---|
| 57 | \fIplain text equivalents\fR
|
|---|
| 58 | and must
|
|---|
| 59 | \fINOT\fR
|
|---|
| 60 | be made available to anyone but the root user\&. To protect these passwords the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with read and traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no other access\&.
|
|---|
| 61 | .RE
|
|---|
| 62 | .PP
|
|---|
| 63 | NT Password Hash
|
|---|
| 64 | .RS 4
|
|---|
| 65 | This is the Windows NT hash of the user\'s password, encoded as 32 hex digits\&. The Windows NT hash is created by taking the user\'s password as represented in 16\-bit, little\-endian UNICODE and then applying the MD4 (internet rfc1321) hashing algorithm to it\&.
|
|---|
| 66 | .sp
|
|---|
| 67 | This password hash is considered more secure than the LANMAN Password Hash as it preserves the case of the password and uses a much higher quality hashing algorithm\&. However, it is still the case that if two users choose the same password this entry will be identical (i\&.e\&. the password is not "salted" as the UNIX password is)\&.
|
|---|
| 68 | .sp
|
|---|
| 69 | \fIWARNING !!\fR\&. Note that, due to the challenge\-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will be able to impersonate the user on the network\&. For this reason these hashes are known as
|
|---|
| 70 | \fIplain text equivalents\fR
|
|---|
| 71 | and must
|
|---|
| 72 | \fINOT\fR
|
|---|
| 73 | be made available to anyone but the root user\&. To protect these passwords the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with read and traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no other access\&.
|
|---|
| 74 | .RE
|
|---|
| 75 | .PP
|
|---|
| 76 | Account Flags
|
|---|
| 77 | .RS 4
|
|---|
| 78 | This section contains flags that describe the attributes of the users account\&. This field is bracketed by \'[\' and \']\' characters and is always 13 characters in length (including the \'[\' and \']\' characters)\&. The contents of this field may be any of the following characters:
|
|---|
| 79 | .sp
|
|---|
| 80 | .RS 4
|
|---|
| 81 | .ie n \{\
|
|---|
| 82 | \h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
|
|---|
| 83 | .\}
|
|---|
| 84 | .el \{\
|
|---|
| 85 | .sp -1
|
|---|
| 86 | .IP \(bu 2.3
|
|---|
| 87 | .\}
|
|---|
| 88 | \fIU\fR
|
|---|
| 89 | \- This means this is a "User" account, i\&.e\&. an ordinary user\&.
|
|---|
| 90 | .RE
|
|---|
| 91 | .sp
|
|---|
| 92 | .RS 4
|
|---|
| 93 | .ie n \{\
|
|---|
| 94 | \h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
|
|---|
| 95 | .\}
|
|---|
| 96 | .el \{\
|
|---|
| 97 | .sp -1
|
|---|
| 98 | .IP \(bu 2.3
|
|---|
| 99 | .\}
|
|---|
| 100 | \fIN\fR
|
|---|
| 101 | \- This means the account has no password (the passwords in the fields LANMAN Password Hash and NT Password Hash are ignored)\&. Note that this will only allow users to log on with no password if the
|
|---|
| 102 | \fI null passwords\fR
|
|---|
| 103 | parameter is set in the
|
|---|
| 104 | \fBsmb.conf\fR(5)
|
|---|
| 105 | config file\&.
|
|---|
| 106 | .RE
|
|---|
| 107 | .sp
|
|---|
| 108 | .RS 4
|
|---|
| 109 | .ie n \{\
|
|---|
| 110 | \h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
|
|---|
| 111 | .\}
|
|---|
| 112 | .el \{\
|
|---|
| 113 | .sp -1
|
|---|
| 114 | .IP \(bu 2.3
|
|---|
| 115 | .\}
|
|---|
| 116 | \fID\fR
|
|---|
| 117 | \- This means the account is disabled and no SMB/CIFS logins will be allowed for this user\&.
|
|---|
| 118 | .RE
|
|---|
| 119 | .sp
|
|---|
| 120 | .RS 4
|
|---|
| 121 | .ie n \{\
|
|---|
| 122 | \h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
|
|---|
| 123 | .\}
|
|---|
| 124 | .el \{\
|
|---|
| 125 | .sp -1
|
|---|
| 126 | .IP \(bu 2.3
|
|---|
| 127 | .\}
|
|---|
| 128 | \fIX\fR
|
|---|
| 129 | \- This means the password does not expire\&.
|
|---|
| 130 | .RE
|
|---|
| 131 | .sp
|
|---|
| 132 | .RS 4
|
|---|
| 133 | .ie n \{\
|
|---|
| 134 | \h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
|
|---|
| 135 | .\}
|
|---|
| 136 | .el \{\
|
|---|
| 137 | .sp -1
|
|---|
| 138 | .IP \(bu 2.3
|
|---|
| 139 | .\}
|
|---|
| 140 | \fIW\fR
|
|---|
| 141 | \- This means this account is a "Workstation Trust" account\&. This kind of account is used in the Samba PDC code stream to allow Windows NT Workstations and Servers to join a Domain hosted by a Samba PDC\&.
|
|---|
| 142 | .sp
|
|---|
| 143 | .RE
|
|---|
| 144 | Other flags may be added as the code is extended in future\&. The rest of this field space is filled in with spaces\&. For further information regarding the flags that are supported please refer to the man page for the
|
|---|
| 145 | pdbedit
|
|---|
| 146 | command\&.
|
|---|
| 147 | .RE
|
|---|
| 148 | .PP
|
|---|
| 149 | Last Change Time
|
|---|
| 150 | .RS 4
|
|---|
| 151 | This field consists of the time the account was last modified\&. It consists of the characters \'LCT\-\' (standing for "Last Change Time") followed by a numeric encoding of the UNIX time in seconds since the epoch (1970) that the last change was made\&.
|
|---|
| 152 | .RE
|
|---|
| 153 | .PP
|
|---|
| 154 | All other colon separated fields are ignored at this time\&.
|
|---|
| 155 | .SH "VERSION"
|
|---|
| 156 | .PP
|
|---|
| 157 | This man page is correct for version 3 of the Samba suite\&.
|
|---|
| 158 | .SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|---|
| 159 | .PP
|
|---|
| 160 | \fBsmbpasswd\fR(8),
|
|---|
| 161 | \fBSamba\fR(7), and the Internet RFC1321 for details on the MD4 algorithm\&.
|
|---|
| 162 | .SH "AUTHOR"
|
|---|
| 163 | .PP
|
|---|
| 164 | The original Samba software and related utilities were created by Andrew Tridgell\&. Samba is now developed by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar to the way the Linux kernel is developed\&.
|
|---|
| 165 | .PP
|
|---|
| 166 | The original Samba man pages were written by Karl Auer\&. The man page sources were converted to YODL format (another excellent piece of Open Source software, available at
|
|---|
| 167 | ftp://ftp\&.icce\&.rug\&.nl/pub/unix/) and updated for the Samba 2\&.0 release by Jeremy Allison\&. The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2\&.2 was done by Gerald Carter\&. The conversion to DocBook XML 4\&.2 for Samba 3\&.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy\&.
|
|---|
