source: trunk/server/docs-xml/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-RightsAndPriviliges.xml

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[745]1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//Samba-Team//DTD DocBook V4.2-Based Variant V1.0//EN" "http://www.samba.org/samba/DTD/samba-doc">
3<chapter id="rights">
4<chapterinfo>
5 &author.jerry;
6 &author.jht;
7</chapterinfo>
8
9<title>User Rights and Privileges</title>
10
11<para>
12<indexterm><primary>Windows user</primary></indexterm>
13<indexterm><primary>Windows group</primary></indexterm>
14<indexterm><primary>machine accounts</primary></indexterm>
15<indexterm><primary>ADS</primary></indexterm>
16The administration of Windows user, group, and machine accounts in the Samba
17domain-controlled network necessitates interfacing between the MS Windows
18networking environment and the UNIX operating system environment. The right
19(permission) to add machines to the Windows security domain can be assigned
20(set) to non-administrative users both in Windows NT4 domains and
21Active Directory domains.
22</para>
23
24<para>
25<indexterm><primary>Windows NT4/2kX/XPPro</primary></indexterm>
26<indexterm><primary>machine account</primary></indexterm>
27<indexterm><primary>trusted</primary></indexterm>
28<indexterm><primary>user logons</primary></indexterm>
29The addition of Windows NT4/2kX/XPPro machines to the domain necessitates the
30creation of a machine account for each machine added. The machine account is
31a necessity that is used to validate that the machine can be trusted to permit
32user logons.
33</para>
34
35<para>
36<indexterm><primary>user accounts</primary></indexterm>
37<indexterm><primary>special account</primary></indexterm>
38<indexterm><primary>account name</primary></indexterm>
39<indexterm><primary>/bin/false</primary></indexterm>
40<indexterm><primary>/dev/null</primary></indexterm>
41<indexterm><primary>man-in-the-middle</primary></indexterm>
42Machine accounts are analogous to user accounts, and thus in implementing them on a UNIX machine that is
43hosting Samba (i.e., on which Samba is running), it is necessary to create a special type of user account.
44Machine accounts differ from normal user accounts in that the account name (login ID) is terminated with a
45<literal>$</literal> sign. An additional difference is that this type of account should not ever be able to
46log into the UNIX environment as a system user and therefore is set to have a shell of
47<command>/bin/false</command> and a home directory of <command>/dev/null.</command> The machine
48account is used only to authenticate domain member machines during start-up. This security measure
49is designed to block man-in-the-middle attempts to violate network integrity.
50</para>
51
52<note><para>
53<indexterm><primary>computer accounts</primary></indexterm>
54<indexterm><primary>domain member servers</primary></indexterm>
55<indexterm><primary>domain controller</primary></indexterm>
56<indexterm><primary>credentials</primary></indexterm>
57<indexterm><primary>secure authentication</primary></indexterm>
58Machine (computer) accounts are used in the Windows NT OS family to store security
59credentials for domain member servers and workstations. When the domain member
60starts up, it goes through a validation process that includes an exchange of
61credentials with a domain controller. If the domain member fails to authenticate
62using the credentials known for it by domain controllers, the machine will be refused
63all access by domain users. The computer account is essential to the way that MS
64Windows secures authentication.
65</para></note>
66
67<para>
68<indexterm><primary>UNIX system accounts</primary></indexterm>
69<indexterm><primary>system administrator</primary></indexterm>
70<indexterm><primary>root</primary></indexterm>
71<indexterm><primary>UID</primary></indexterm>
72The creation of UNIX system accounts has traditionally been the sole right of
73the system administrator, better known as the <constant>root</constant> account.
74It is possible in the UNIX environment to create multiple users who have the
75same UID. Any UNIX user who has a UID=0 is inherently the same as the
76<constant>root</constant> account user.
77</para>
78
79<para>
80<indexterm><primary>system interface scripts</primary></indexterm>
81<indexterm><primary>CIFS function calls</primary></indexterm>
82<indexterm><primary>root account</primary></indexterm>
83<indexterm><primary>UNIX host system</primary></indexterm>
84All versions of Samba call system interface scripts that permit CIFS function
85calls that are used to manage users, groups, and machine accounts
86in the UNIX environment. All versions of Samba up to and including version 3.0.10
87required the use of a Windows administrator account that unambiguously maps to
88the UNIX <constant>root</constant> account to permit the execution of these
89interface scripts. The requirement to do this has understandably met with some
90disdain and consternation among Samba administrators, particularly where it became
91necessary to permit people who should not possess <constant>root</constant>-level
92access to the UNIX host system.
93</para>
94
95<sect1>
96<title>Rights Management Capabilities</title>
97
98<para>
99<indexterm><primary>Windows privilege model</primary></indexterm>
100<indexterm><primary>privilege model</primary></indexterm>
101<indexterm><primary>rights assigned</primary></indexterm>
102<indexterm><primary>SID</primary></indexterm>
103Samba 3.0.11 introduced support for the Windows privilege model. This model
104allows certain rights to be assigned to a user or group SID. In order to enable
105this feature, <smbconfoption name="enable privileges">yes</smbconfoption>
106must be defined in the <smbconfsection name="global"/> section of the &smb.conf; file.
107</para>
108
109<para>
110<indexterm><primary>rights</primary></indexterm>
111<indexterm><primary>privileges</primary></indexterm>
112<indexterm><primary>manage privileges</primary></indexterm>
113Currently, the rights supported in Samba-3 are listed in <link linkend="rp-privs"/>.
114The remainder of this chapter explains how to manage and use these privileges on Samba servers.
115</para>
116
117<indexterm><primary>SeMachineAccountPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
118<indexterm><primary>SePrintOperatorPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
119<indexterm><primary>SeAddUsersPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
120<indexterm><primary>SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
121<indexterm><primary>SeDiskOperatorPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
122<indexterm><primary>SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
123<table id="rp-privs">
124 <title>Current Privilege Capabilities</title>
125 <tgroup cols="2">
126 <colspec align="right"/>
127 <colspec align="left"/>
128 <thead>
129 <row>
130 <entry align="left">Privilege</entry>
131 <entry align="left">Description</entry>
132 </row>
133 </thead>
134 <tbody>
135 <row>
136 <entry><para>SeMachineAccountPrivilege</para></entry>
137 <entry><para>Add machines to domain</para></entry>
138 </row>
139 <row>
140 <entry><para>SePrintOperatorPrivilege</para></entry>
141 <entry><para>Manage printers</para></entry>
142 </row>
143 <row>
144 <entry><para>SeAddUsersPrivilege</para></entry>
145 <entry><para>Add users and groups to the domain</para></entry>
146 </row>
147 <row>
148 <entry><para>SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege</para></entry>
149 <entry><para>Force shutdown from a remote system</para></entry>
150 </row>
151 <row>
152 <entry><para>SeDiskOperatorPrivilege</para></entry>
153 <entry><para>Manage disk share</para></entry>
154 </row>
155<!-- These are not used at this time - so void them from the docs.
156 <row>
157 <entry><para>SeBackupPrivilege</para></entry>
158 <entry><para>Back up files and directories</para></entry>
159 </row>
160 <row>
161 <entry><para>SeRestorePrivilege</para></entry>
162 <entry><para>Restore files and directories</para></entry>
163 </row>
164**** End of commented out section **** -->
165 <row>
166 <entry><para>SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege</para></entry>
167 <entry><para>Take ownership of files or other objects</para></entry>
168 </row>
169 </tbody>
170 </tgroup>
171</table>
172
173<sect2>
174<title>Using the <quote>net rpc rights</quote> Utility</title>
175
176<para>
177<indexterm><primary>managing rights</primary></indexterm>
178<indexterm><primary>rights assigned</primary></indexterm>
179<indexterm><primary>NT4 User Manager for Domains</primary></indexterm>
180<indexterm><primary>command-line utility</primary></indexterm>
181<indexterm><primary>administrative actions</primary></indexterm>
182There are two primary means of managing the rights assigned to users and groups
183on a Samba server. The <command>NT4 User Manager for Domains</command> may be
184used from any Windows NT4, 2000, or XP Professional domain member client to
185connect to a Samba domain controller and view/modify the rights assignments.
186This application, however, appears to have bugs when run on a client running
187Windows 2000 or later; therefore, Samba provides a command-line utility for
188performing the necessary administrative actions.
189</para>
190
191<para>
192The <command>net rpc rights</command> utility in Samba 3.0.11 has three new subcommands:
193</para>
194
195<variablelist>
196 <varlistentry><term>list [name|accounts]</term>
197 <listitem><para>
198<indexterm><primary>net</primary><secondary>rpc</secondary><tertiary>list</tertiary></indexterm>
199<indexterm><primary>available rights</primary></indexterm>
200<indexterm><primary>privileges assigned</primary></indexterm>
201<indexterm><primary>privileged accounts</primary></indexterm>
202 When called with no arguments, <command>net rpc list</command>
203 simply lists the available rights on the server. When passed
204 a specific user or group name, the tool lists the privileges
205 currently assigned to the specified account. When invoked using
206 the special string <constant>accounts</constant>,
207 <command>net rpc rights list</command> returns a list of all
208 privileged accounts on the server and the assigned rights.
209 </para></listitem>
210 </varlistentry>
211
212 <varlistentry><term>grant &lt;user&gt; &lt;right [right ...]&gt;</term>
213 <listitem><para>
214<indexterm><primary>assign rights</primary></indexterm>
215<indexterm><primary>grant rights</primary></indexterm>
216<indexterm><primary>add client machines</primary></indexterm>
217<indexterm><primary>user or group</primary></indexterm>
218 When called with no arguments, this function is used to assign
219 a list of rights to a specified user or group. For example,
220 to grant the members of the Domain Admins group on a Samba domain controller,
221 the capability to add client machines to the domain, one would run:
222<screen>
223&rootprompt; net -S server -U domadmin rpc rights grant \
224 'DOMAIN\Domain Admins' SeMachineAccountPrivilege
225</screen>
226 The following syntax has the same result:
227<indexterm><primary>net</primary><secondary>rpc</secondary><tertiary>rights grant</tertiary></indexterm>
228<screen>
229&rootprompt; net rpc rights grant 'DOMAIN\Domain Admins' \
230 SeMachineAccountPrivilege -S server -U domadmin
231</screen>
232 More than one privilege can be assigned by specifying a
233 list of rights separated by spaces. The parameter 'Domain\Domain Admins'
234 must be quoted with single ticks or using double-quotes to prevent
235 the backslash and the space from being interpreted by the system shell.
236 </para></listitem>
237 </varlistentry>
238
239 <varlistentry><term>revoke &lt;user&gt; &lt;right [right ...]&gt;</term>
240 <listitem><para>
241 This command is similar in format to <command>net rpc rights grant</command>. Its
242 effect is to remove an assigned right (or list of rights) from a user or group.
243 </para></listitem>
244 </varlistentry>
245
246</variablelist>
247
248<note><para>
249<indexterm><primary>member</primary></indexterm>
250<indexterm><primary>Domain Admins</primary></indexterm>
251<indexterm><primary>revoke privileges</primary></indexterm>
252You must be connected as a member of the Domain Admins group to be able to grant or revoke privileges assigned
253to an account. This capability is inherent to the Domain Admins group and is not configurable. There are no
254default rights and privileges, except the ability for a member of the Domain Admins group to assign them.
255This means that all administrative rights and privileges (other than the ability to assign them) must be
256explicitly assigned, even for the Domain Admins group.
257</para></note>
258
259<para>
260<indexterm><primary>performed as root</primary></indexterm>
261<indexterm><primary>necessary rights</primary></indexterm>
262<indexterm><primary>add machine script</primary></indexterm>
263<indexterm><primary></primary></indexterm>
264By default, no privileges are initially assigned to any account because certain actions will be performed as
265root once smbd determines that a user has the necessary rights. For example, when joining a client to a
266Windows domain, <parameter>add machine script</parameter> must be executed with superuser rights in most
267cases. For this reason, you should be very careful about handing out privileges to accounts.
268</para>
269
270<para>
271<indexterm><primary>Access</primary></indexterm>
272<indexterm><primary>root user</primary></indexterm>
273<indexterm><primary>bypasses privilege</primary></indexterm>
274Access as the root user (UID=0) bypasses all privilege checks.
275</para>
276
277</sect2>
278
279<sect2>
280<title>Description of Privileges</title>
281
282<para>
283<indexterm><primary>privileges</primary></indexterm>
284<indexterm><primary>additional privileges</primary></indexterm>
285<indexterm><primary>house-keeping</primary></indexterm>
286The privileges that have been implemented in Samba-3.0.11 are shown below. It is possible, and likely, that
287additional privileges may be implemented in later releases of Samba. It is also likely that any privileges
288currently implemented but not used may be removed from future releases as a housekeeping matter, so it is
289important that the successful as well as unsuccessful use of these facilities should be reported on the Samba
290mailing lists.
291</para>
292
293<variablelist>
294 <varlistentry><term>SeAddUsersPrivilege</term>
295 <listitem><para>
296<indexterm><primary>SeAddUsersPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
297<indexterm><primary>smbd</primary></indexterm>
298<indexterm><primary>net rpc user add</primary></indexterm>
299 This right determines whether or not smbd will allow the
300 user to create new user or group accounts via such tools
301 as <command>net rpc user add</command> or
302 <command>NT4 User Manager for Domains.</command>
303 </para></listitem>
304 </varlistentry>
305
306 <varlistentry><term>SeDiskOperatorPrivilege</term>
307 <listitem><para>
308<indexterm><primary>SeDiskOperatorPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
309<indexterm><primary>add/delete/change share</primary></indexterm>
310<indexterm><primary>ACL</primary></indexterm>
311 Accounts that possess this right will be able to execute
312 scripts defined by the <command>add/delete/change</command>
313 share command in &smb.conf; file as root. Such users will
314 also be able to modify the ACL associated with file shares
315 on the Samba server.
316 </para></listitem>
317 </varlistentry>
318
319 <varlistentry><term>SeMachineAccountPrivilege</term>
320 <listitem><para>
321<indexterm><primary>SeMachineAccountPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
322<indexterm><primary>right to join domain</primary></indexterm>
323<indexterm><primary>join client</primary></indexterm>
324 This right controls whether or not the user can join client
325 machines to a Samba-controlled domain.
326 </para></listitem>
327 </varlistentry>
328
329 <varlistentry><term>SePrintOperatorPrivilege</term>
330 <listitem><para>
331<indexterm><primary>SePrintOperatorPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
332<indexterm><primary>privilege</primary></indexterm>
333<indexterm><primary>global right</primary></indexterm>
334<indexterm><primary>administrative rights</primary></indexterm>
335<indexterm><primary>printers admin</primary></indexterm>
336 This privilege operates identically to the <smbconfoption name="printer admin"/>
337 option in the &smb.conf; file (see section 5 man page for &smb.conf;)
338 except that it is a global right (not on a per-printer basis).
339 Eventually the smb.conf option will be deprecated and administrative
340 rights to printers will be controlled exclusively by this right and
341 the security descriptor associated with the printer object in the
342 <filename>ntprinters.tdb</filename> file.
343 </para></listitem>
344 </varlistentry>
345
346 <varlistentry><term>SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege</term>
347 <listitem><para>
348<indexterm><primary>SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
349<indexterm><primary>rebooting server</primary></indexterm>
350<indexterm><primary>aborting shutdown</primary></indexterm>
351 Samba provides two hooks for shutting down or rebooting
352 the server and for aborting a previously issued shutdown
353 command. Since this is an operation normally limited by
354 the operating system to the root user, an account must possess this
355 right to be able to execute either of these hooks.
356 </para></listitem>
357 </varlistentry>
358
359 <varlistentry><term>SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege</term>
360 <listitem><para>
361<indexterm><primary>SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
362<indexterm><primary>take ownership</primary></indexterm>
363 This right permits users to take ownership of files and directories.
364 </para></listitem>
365 </varlistentry>
366
367</variablelist>
368
369</sect2>
370
371<sect2>
372<title>Privileges Supported by Windows 2000 Domain Controllers</title>
373
374<para>
375 For reference purposes, a Windows NT4 Primary Domain Controller reports support for the following
376 privileges:
377<indexterm><primary>SeCreateTokenPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
378<indexterm><primary>SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
379<indexterm><primary>SeLockMemoryPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
380<indexterm><primary>SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
381<indexterm><primary>SeMachineAccountPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
382<indexterm><primary>SeTcbPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
383<indexterm><primary>SeSecurityPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
384<indexterm><primary>SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
385<indexterm><primary>SeLoadDriverPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
386<indexterm><primary>SeSystemProfilePrivilege</primary></indexterm>
387<indexterm><primary>SeSystemtimePrivilege</primary></indexterm>
388<indexterm><primary>SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
389<indexterm><primary>SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
390<indexterm><primary>SeCreatePagefilePrivilege</primary></indexterm>
391<indexterm><primary>SeCreatePermanentPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
392<indexterm><primary>SeBackupPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
393<indexterm><primary>SeRestorePrivilege</primary></indexterm>
394<indexterm><primary>SeShutdownPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
395<indexterm><primary>SeDebugPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
396<indexterm><primary>SeAuditPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
397<indexterm><primary>SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
398<indexterm><primary>SeChangeNotifyPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
399<indexterm><primary>SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
400<screen>
401 SeCreateTokenPrivilege Create a token object
402 SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege Replace a process level token
403 SeLockMemoryPrivilege Lock pages in memory
404 SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege Increase quotas
405 SeMachineAccountPrivilege Add workstations to domain
406 SeTcbPrivilege Act as part of the operating system
407 SeSecurityPrivilege Manage auditing and security log
408 SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege Take ownership of files or other objects
409 SeLoadDriverPrivilege Load and unload device drivers
410 SeSystemProfilePrivilege Profile system performance
411 SeSystemtimePrivilege Change the system time
412SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege Profile single process
413SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege Increase scheduling priority
414 SeCreatePagefilePrivilege Create a pagefile
415 SeCreatePermanentPrivilege Create permanent shared objects
416 SeBackupPrivilege Back up files and directories
417 SeRestorePrivilege Restore files and directories
418 SeShutdownPrivilege Shut down the system
419 SeDebugPrivilege Debug programs
420 SeAuditPrivilege Generate security audits
421 SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege Modify firmware environment values
422 SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Bypass traverse checking
423 SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege Force shutdown from a remote system
424</screen>
425 And Windows 200x/XP Domain Controllers and workstations reports to support the following privileges:
426<indexterm><primary>SeCreateTokenPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
427<indexterm><primary>SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
428<indexterm><primary>SeLockMemoryPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
429<indexterm><primary>SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
430<indexterm><primary>SeMachineAccountPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
431<indexterm><primary>SeTcbPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
432<indexterm><primary>SeSecurityPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
433<indexterm><primary>SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
434<indexterm><primary>SeLoadDriverPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
435<indexterm><primary>SeSystemProfilePrivilege</primary></indexterm>
436<indexterm><primary>SeSystemtimePrivilege</primary></indexterm>
437<indexterm><primary>SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
438<indexterm><primary>SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
439<indexterm><primary>SeCreatePagefilePrivilege</primary></indexterm>
440<indexterm><primary>SeCreatePermanentPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
441<indexterm><primary>SeBackupPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
442<indexterm><primary>SeRestorePrivilege</primary></indexterm>
443<indexterm><primary>SeShutdownPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
444<indexterm><primary>SeDebugPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
445<indexterm><primary>SeAuditPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
446<indexterm><primary>SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
447<indexterm><primary>SeChangeNotifyPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
448<indexterm><primary>SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
449<indexterm><primary>SeUndockPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
450<indexterm><primary>SeSyncAgentPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
451<indexterm><primary>SeEnableDelegationPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
452<indexterm><primary>SeManageVolumePrivilege</primary></indexterm>
453<indexterm><primary>SeImpersonatePrivilege</primary></indexterm>
454<indexterm><primary>SeCreateGlobalPrivilege</primary></indexterm>
455<screen>
456 SeCreateTokenPrivilege Create a token object
457 SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege Replace a process level token
458 SeLockMemoryPrivilege Lock pages in memory
459 SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege Increase quotas
460 SeMachineAccountPrivilege Add workstations to domain
461 SeTcbPrivilege Act as part of the operating system
462 SeSecurityPrivilege Manage auditing and security log
463 SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege Take ownership of files or other objects
464 SeLoadDriverPrivilege Load and unload device drivers
465 SeSystemProfilePrivilege Profile system performance
466 SeSystemtimePrivilege Change the system time
467SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege Profile single process
468SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege Increase scheduling priority
469 SeCreatePagefilePrivilege Create a pagefile
470 SeCreatePermanentPrivilege Create permanent shared objects
471 SeBackupPrivilege Back up files and directories
472 SeRestorePrivilege Restore files and directories
473 SeShutdownPrivilege Shut down the system
474 SeDebugPrivilege Debug programs
475 SeAuditPrivilege Generate security audits
476 SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege Modify firmware environment values
477 SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Bypass traverse checking
478 SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege Force shutdown from a remote system
479 SeUndockPrivilege Remove computer from docking station
480 SeSyncAgentPrivilege Synchronize directory service data
481 SeEnableDelegationPrivilege Enable computer and user accounts to
482 be trusted for delegation
483 SeManageVolumePrivilege Perform volume maintenance tasks
484 SeImpersonatePrivilege Impersonate a client after authentication
485 SeCreateGlobalPrivilege Create global objects
486</screen>
487<indexterm><primary>equivalence</primary></indexterm>
488 The Samba Team is implementing only those privileges that are logical and useful in the UNIX/Linux
489 environment. Many of the Windows 200X/XP privileges have no direct equivalence in UNIX.
490 </para>
491
492</sect2>
493
494</sect1>
495
496<sect1>
497<title>The Administrator Domain SID</title>
498
499<para>
500<indexterm><primary>domain Administrator</primary></indexterm>
501<indexterm><primary>User Rights and Privileges</primary></indexterm>
502<indexterm><primary>passdb backend</primary></indexterm>
503<indexterm><primary>SID</primary></indexterm>
504<indexterm><primary>net getlocalsid</primary></indexterm>
505Please note that every Windows NT4 and later server requires a domain Administrator account. Samba versions
506commencing with 3.0.11 permit Administrative duties to be performed via assigned rights and privileges
507(see <link linkend="rights">User Rights and Privileges</link>). An account in the server's passdb backend can
508be set to the well-known RID of the default administrator account. To obtain the domain SID on a Samba domain
509controller, run the following command:
510<screen>
511&rootprompt; net getlocalsid
512SID for domain FOO is: S-1-5-21-4294955119-3368514841-2087710299
513</screen>
514<indexterm><primary>RID</primary></indexterm>
515You may assign the domain administrator RID to an account using the <command>pdbedit</command>
516command as shown here:
517<indexterm><primary>pdbedit</primary></indexterm>
518<screen>
519&rootprompt; pdbedit -U S-1-5-21-4294955119-3368514841-2087710299-500 -u root -r
520</screen>
521</para>
522
523<note><para>
524<indexterm><primary>RID 500</primary></indexterm>
525<indexterm><primary>well known RID</primary></indexterm>
526<indexterm><primary>rights and privileges</primary></indexterm>
527<indexterm><primary>root account</primary></indexterm>
528The RID 500 is the well known standard value of the default Administrator account. It is the RID
529that confers the rights and privileges that the Administrator account has on a Windows machine
530or domain. Under UNIX/Linux the equivalent is UID=0 (the root account).
531</para></note>
532
533<para>
534<indexterm><primary>without Administrator account</primary></indexterm>
535<indexterm><primary>equivalent rights and privileges</primary></indexterm>
536<indexterm><primary>Windows group account</primary></indexterm>
537<indexterm><primary>3.0.11</primary></indexterm>
538Releases of Samba version 3.0.11 and later make it possible to operate without an Administrator account
539provided equivalent rights and privileges have been established for a Windows user or a Windows
540group account.
541</para>
542
543</sect1>
544
545<sect1>
546<title>Common Errors</title>
547
548 <sect2>
549 <title>What Rights and Privileges Will Permit Windows Client Administration?</title>
550
551 <para>
552<indexterm><primary>domain global</primary></indexterm>
553<indexterm><primary>local group</primary></indexterm>
554<indexterm><primary>administrative rights</primary></indexterm>
555<indexterm><primary>Windows client</primary></indexterm>
556 When a Windows NT4 (or later) client joins a domain, the domain global <literal>Domain Admins</literal> group
557 is added to the membership of the local <literal>Administrators</literal> group on the client. Any user who is
558 a member of the domain global <literal>Domain Admins</literal> group will have administrative rights on the
559 Windows client.
560 </para>
561
562 <para>
563<indexterm><primary>desirable solution</primary></indexterm>
564<indexterm><primary>administrative rights and privileges</primary></indexterm>
565<indexterm><primary>Power Users</primary></indexterm>
566<indexterm><primary>domain global user</primary></indexterm>
567<indexterm><primary>domain global group</primary></indexterm>
568 This is often not the most desirable solution because it means that the user will have administrative
569 rights and privileges on domain servers also. The <literal>Power Users</literal> group on Windows client
570 workstations permits local administration of the workstation alone. Any domain global user or domain global
571 group can be added to the membership of the local workstation group <literal>Power Users</literal>.
572 </para>
573
574 <para>
575<indexterm><primary>Nested Group Support</primary></indexterm>
576<indexterm><primary>add domain users and groups to a local group</primary></indexterm>
577<indexterm><primary>net</primary></indexterm>
578<indexterm><primary>Windows workstation.</primary></indexterm>
579 See <link linkend="nestedgrpmgmgt">Nested Group Support</link> for an example of how to add domain users
580 and groups to a local group that is on a Windows workstation. The use of the <command>net</command>
581 command permits this to be done from the Samba server.
582 </para>
583
584 <para>
585<indexterm><primary>cmd</primary></indexterm>
586<indexterm><primary>cmd shell</primary></indexterm>
587<indexterm><primary>net</primary><secondary>localgroup</secondary></indexterm>
588 Another way this can be done is to log onto the Windows workstation as the user
589 <literal>Administrator</literal>, then open a <command>cmd</command> shell, then execute:
590<screen>
591&dosprompt; net localgroup administrators /add <userinput>domain_name\entity</userinput>
592</screen>
593 where <literal>entity</literal> is either a domain user or a domain group account name.
594 </para>
595
596 </sect2>
597
598</sect1>
599
600</chapter>
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