| 1 | '\" t
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| 2 | .\" Title: smbpasswd
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| 3 | .\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR" section]
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| 4 | .\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.75.2 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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| 5 | .\" Date: 11/01/2012
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| 6 | .\" Manual: File Formats and Conventions
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| 7 | .\" Source: Samba 3.5
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| 8 | .\" Language: English
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| 9 | .\"
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| 10 | .TH "SMBPASSWD" "5" "11/01/2012" "Samba 3\&.5" "File Formats and Conventions"
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| 11 | .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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| 12 | .\" * set default formatting
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| 13 | .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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| 14 | .\" disable hyphenation
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| 15 | .nh
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| 16 | .\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
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| 17 | .ad l
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| 18 | .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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| 19 | .\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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| 20 | .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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| 21 | .SH "NAME"
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| 22 | smbpasswd \- The Samba encrypted password file
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| 23 | .SH "SYNOPSIS"
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| 24 | .PP
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| 25 | smbpasswd
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| 26 | .SH "DESCRIPTION"
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| 27 | .PP
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| 28 | This tool is part of the
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| 29 | \fBsamba\fR(7)
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| 30 | suite\&.
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| 31 | .PP
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| 32 | smbpasswd is the Samba encrypted password file\&. It contains the username, Unix user id and the SMB hashed passwords of the user, as well as account flag information and the time the password was last changed\&. This file format has been evolving with Samba and has had several different formats in the past\&.
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| 33 | .SH "FILE FORMAT"
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| 34 | .PP
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| 35 | The format of the smbpasswd file used by Samba 2\&.2 is very similar to the familiar Unix
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| 36 | passwd(5)
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| 37 | file\&. It is an ASCII file containing one line for each user\&. Each field ithin each line is separated from the next by a colon\&. Any entry beginning with \'#\' is ignored\&. The smbpasswd file contains the following information for each user:
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| 38 | .PP
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| 39 | name
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| 40 | .RS 4
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| 41 | This is the user name\&. It must be a name that already exists in the standard UNIX passwd file\&.
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| 42 | .RE
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| 43 | .PP
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| 44 | uid
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| 45 | .RS 4
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| 46 | This is the UNIX uid\&. It must match the uid field for the same user entry in the standard UNIX passwd file\&. If this does not match then Samba will refuse to recognize this smbpasswd file entry as being valid for a user\&.
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| 47 | .RE
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| 48 | .PP
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| 49 | Lanman Password Hash
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| 50 | .RS 4
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| 51 | This is the LANMAN hash of the user\'s password, encoded as 32 hex digits\&. The LANMAN hash is created by DES encrypting a well known string with the user\'s password as the DES key\&. This is the same password used by Windows 95/98 machines\&. Note that this password hash is regarded as weak as it is vulnerable to dictionary attacks and if two users choose the same password this entry will be identical (i\&.e\&. the password is not "salted" as the UNIX password is)\&. If the user has a null password this field will contain the characters "NO PASSWORD" as the start of the hex string\&. If the hex string is equal to 32 \'X\' characters then the user\'s account is marked as
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| 52 | \fBdisabled\fR
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| 53 | and the user will not be able to log onto the Samba server\&.
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| 54 | .sp
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| 55 | \fIWARNING !!\fR
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| 56 | Note that, due to the challenge\-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will be able to impersonate the user on the network\&. For this reason these hashes are known as
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| 57 | \fIplain text equivalents\fR
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| 58 | and must
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| 59 | \fINOT\fR
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| 60 | be made available to anyone but the root user\&. To protect these passwords the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with read and traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no other access\&.
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| 61 | .RE
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| 62 | .PP
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| 63 | NT Password Hash
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| 64 | .RS 4
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| 65 | This is the Windows NT hash of the user\'s password, encoded as 32 hex digits\&. The Windows NT hash is created by taking the user\'s password as represented in 16\-bit, little\-endian UNICODE and then applying the MD4 (internet rfc1321) hashing algorithm to it\&.
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| 66 | .sp
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| 67 | This password hash is considered more secure than the LANMAN Password Hash as it preserves the case of the password and uses a much higher quality hashing algorithm\&. However, it is still the case that if two users choose the same password this entry will be identical (i\&.e\&. the password is not "salted" as the UNIX password is)\&.
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| 68 | .sp
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| 69 | \fIWARNING !!\fR\&. Note that, due to the challenge\-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will be able to impersonate the user on the network\&. For this reason these hashes are known as
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| 70 | \fIplain text equivalents\fR
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| 71 | and must
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| 72 | \fINOT\fR
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| 73 | be made available to anyone but the root user\&. To protect these passwords the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with read and traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no other access\&.
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| 74 | .RE
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| 75 | .PP
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| 76 | Account Flags
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| 77 | .RS 4
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| 78 | This section contains flags that describe the attributes of the users account\&. This field is bracketed by \'[\' and \']\' characters and is always 13 characters in length (including the \'[\' and \']\' characters)\&. The contents of this field may be any of the following characters:
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| 79 | .sp
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| 80 | .RS 4
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| 81 | .ie n \{\
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| 82 | \h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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| 83 | .\}
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| 84 | .el \{\
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| 85 | .sp -1
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| 86 | .IP \(bu 2.3
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| 87 | .\}
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| 88 | \fIU\fR
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| 89 | \- This means this is a "User" account, i\&.e\&. an ordinary user\&.
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| 90 | .RE
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| 91 | .sp
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| 92 | .RS 4
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| 93 | .ie n \{\
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| 94 | \h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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| 95 | .\}
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| 96 | .el \{\
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| 97 | .sp -1
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| 98 | .IP \(bu 2.3
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| 99 | .\}
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| 100 | \fIN\fR
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| 101 | \- This means the account has no password (the passwords in the fields LANMAN Password Hash and NT Password Hash are ignored)\&. Note that this will only allow users to log on with no password if the
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| 102 | \fI null passwords\fR
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| 103 | parameter is set in the
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| 104 | \fBsmb.conf\fR(5)
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| 105 | config file\&.
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| 106 | .RE
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| 107 | .sp
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| 108 | .RS 4
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| 109 | .ie n \{\
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| 110 | \h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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| 111 | .\}
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| 112 | .el \{\
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| 113 | .sp -1
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| 114 | .IP \(bu 2.3
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| 115 | .\}
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| 116 | \fID\fR
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| 117 | \- This means the account is disabled and no SMB/CIFS logins will be allowed for this user\&.
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| 118 | .RE
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| 119 | .sp
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| 120 | .RS 4
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| 121 | .ie n \{\
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| 122 | \h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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| 123 | .\}
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| 124 | .el \{\
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| 125 | .sp -1
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| 126 | .IP \(bu 2.3
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| 127 | .\}
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| 128 | \fIX\fR
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| 129 | \- This means the password does not expire\&.
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| 130 | .RE
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| 131 | .sp
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| 132 | .RS 4
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| 133 | .ie n \{\
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| 134 | \h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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| 135 | .\}
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| 136 | .el \{\
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| 137 | .sp -1
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| 138 | .IP \(bu 2.3
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| 139 | .\}
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| 140 | \fIW\fR
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| 141 | \- This means this account is a "Workstation Trust" account\&. This kind of account is used in the Samba PDC code stream to allow Windows NT Workstations and Servers to join a Domain hosted by a Samba PDC\&.
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| 142 | .sp
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| 143 | .RE
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| 144 | Other flags may be added as the code is extended in future\&. The rest of this field space is filled in with spaces\&. For further information regarding the flags that are supported please refer to the man page for the
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| 145 | pdbedit
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| 146 | command\&.
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| 147 | .RE
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| 148 | .PP
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| 149 | Last Change Time
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| 150 | .RS 4
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| 151 | This field consists of the time the account was last modified\&. It consists of the characters \'LCT\-\' (standing for "Last Change Time") followed by a numeric encoding of the UNIX time in seconds since the epoch (1970) that the last change was made\&.
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| 152 | .RE
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| 153 | .PP
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| 154 | All other colon separated fields are ignored at this time\&.
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| 155 | .SH "VERSION"
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| 156 | .PP
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| 157 | This man page is correct for version 3 of the Samba suite\&.
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| 158 | .SH "SEE ALSO"
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| 159 | .PP
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| 160 | \fBsmbpasswd\fR(8),
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| 161 | \fBSamba\fR(7), and the Internet RFC1321 for details on the MD4 algorithm\&.
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| 162 | .SH "AUTHOR"
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| 163 | .PP
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| 164 | The original Samba software and related utilities were created by Andrew Tridgell\&. Samba is now developed by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar to the way the Linux kernel is developed\&.
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| 165 | .PP
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| 166 | The original Samba man pages were written by Karl Auer\&. The man page sources were converted to YODL format (another excellent piece of Open Source software, available at
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| 167 | ftp://ftp\&.icce\&.rug\&.nl/pub/unix/) and updated for the Samba 2\&.0 release by Jeremy Allison\&. The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2\&.2 was done by Gerald Carter\&. The conversion to DocBook XML 4\&.2 for Samba 3\&.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy\&.
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