| 1 | <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Glossary</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Official Samba 3.5.x HOWTO and Reference Guide"><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="The Official Samba 3.5.x HOWTO and Reference Guide"><link rel="prev" href="apa.html" title="Appendix A. GNU General Public License version 3"><link rel="next" href="ix01.html" title="Index"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Glossary</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="apa.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ix01.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="glossary" title="Glossary"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="id453887"></a>Glossary</h2></div></div></div><dl><dt>Access Control List</dt><dd><p>
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| 2 | A detailed list of permissions granted to users or groups with respect to file and network resource access.
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| 3 | See <a class="link" href="AccessControls.html" title="Chapter 16. File, Directory, and Share Access Controls">“File, Directory, and Share Access Controls”</a>,
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| 4 | for details.</p></dd><dt>Active Directory Service</dt><dd><p>
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| 5 | A service unique to Microsoft Windows 200x servers that provides a centrally managed
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| 6 | directory for management of user identities and computer objects, as well as the permissions
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| 7 | each user or computer may be granted to access
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| 8 | distributed network resources. ADS uses Kerberos-based
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| 9 | authentication and LDAP over Kerberos for directory access.
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| 10 | </p></dd><dt>Common Internet File System</dt><dd><p>The new name for SMB. Microsoft renamed the
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| 11 | SMB protocol to CIFS during the Internet hype in the nineties.
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| 12 | At about the time that the SMB protocol was renamed to CIFS, an
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| 13 | additional dialect of the SMB protocol was in development.
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| 14 | The need for the deployment of the NetBIOS layer was also
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| 15 | removed, thus paving the way for use of the SMB protocol natively
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| 16 | over TCP/IP (known as NetBIOS-less SMB or <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">naked</span>”</span> TCP transport).
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| 17 | </p></dd><dt>Common UNIX Printing System</dt><dd><p>
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| 18 | A recent implementation of a high capability printing system for UNIX developed by
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| 19 | <a class="ulink" href="http://www.easysw.com/" target="_top">http://www.easysw.com/</a>. The design objective of CUPS was to provide
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| 20 | a rich print processing system that has built-in intelligence capable of correctly rendering (processing)
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| 21 | a file that is submitted for printing even if it was formatted for an entirely different printer.
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| 22 | </p></dd><dt>Domain Master Browser</dt><dd><p>The domain master browser maintains a list of all the servers that
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| 23 | have announced their services within a given workgroup or NT domain. See <a class="link" href="NetworkBrowsing.html#DMB" title="Configuring Workgroup Browsing">“Configuring Workgroup Browsing”</a> for details.
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| 24 | </p></dd><dt>Domain Name Service</dt><dd><p>
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| 25 | A protocol by which computer hostnames may be resolved to the matching IP address/es. DNS is implemented
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| 26 | by the Berkeley Internet Name Daemon. There exists a recent version of DNS that allows dynamic name registration
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| 27 | by network clients or by a DHCP server. This recent protocol is known as dynamic DNS (DDNS).
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| 28 | </p></dd><dt>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol</dt><dd><p>
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| 29 | A protocol that was based on the BOOTP protocol that may be used to dynamically assign an IP address,
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| 30 | from a reserved pool of addresses, to a network client or device. Additionally, DHCP may assign all
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| 31 | network configuration settings and may be used to register a computer name and its address with a
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| 32 | dynamic DNS server.
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| 33 | </p></dd><dt>Extended Meta-file Format</dt><dd><p>
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| 34 | An intermediate file format used by Microsoft Windows-based servers and clients. EMF files may be
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| 35 | rendered into a page description language by a print processor.
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| 36 | </p></dd><dt>Graphical Device Interface</dt><dd><p>
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| 37 | Device-independent format for printing used by Microsoft Windows.
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| 38 | It is quite similar to what PostScript is for UNIX. Printing jobs are first generated in GDI and
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| 39 | then converted to a device-specific format. See <a class="link" href="CUPS-printing.html#gdipost" title="GDI on Windows, PostScript on UNIX">“GDI on Windows, PostScript on UNIX”</a> for details.
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| 40 | </p></dd><dt>Group IDentifier</dt><dd><p>
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| 41 | The UNIX system group identifier; on older systems, a 32-bit unsigned integer, and on newer systems
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| 42 | an unsigned 64-bit integer. The GID is used in UNIX-like operating systems for all group-level access
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| 43 | control.
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| 44 | </p></dd><dt>Internet Print Protocol</dt><dd><p>An IETF standard for network printing. CUPS
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| 45 | implements IPP.</p></dd><dt>Key Distribution Center</dt><dd><p>The Kerberos authentication protocol makes use of security keys (also called a ticket)
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| 46 | by which access to network resources is controlled. The issuing of Kerberos tickets is effected by
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| 47 | a KDC.</p></dd><dt>NetBIOS Extended User Interface</dt><dd><p>
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| 48 | Very simple network protocol invented by IBM and Microsoft. It is used
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| 49 | to do NetBIOS over Ethernet with low overhead. NetBEUI is a nonroutable
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| 50 | protocol.
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| 51 | </p></dd><dt>Network Basic Input/Output System</dt><dd><p>
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| 52 | NetBIOS is a simple application programming interface (API) invented in the 1980s
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| 53 | that allows programs to send data to certain network names.
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| 54 | NetBIOS is always run over another network protocol such
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| 55 | as IPX/SPX, TCP/IP, or Logical Link Control (LLC). NetBIOS run over LLC
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| 56 | is best known as NetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended User Interface a complete misnomer!).
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| 57 | </p></dd><dt>NetBT</dt><dd><p>Protocol for transporting NetBIOS frames over TCP/IP. Uses ports 137, 138, and 139.
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| 58 | NetBT is a fully routable protocol.
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| 59 | </p></dd><dt>Local Master Browser</dt><dd><p>The local master browser maintains a list
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| 60 | of all servers that have announced themselves within a given workgroup or NT domain on a particular
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| 61 | broadcast-isolated subnet. See <a class="link" href="NetworkBrowsing.html#DMB" title="Configuring Workgroup Browsing">“Configuring Workgroup Browsing”</a> for details.
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| 62 | </p></dd><dt>Printer Command Language</dt><dd><p>
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| 63 | A printer page description language that was developed by Hewlett-Packard
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| 64 | and is in common use today.
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| 65 | </p></dd><dt>Portable Document Format</dt><dd><p>
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| 66 | A highly compressed document format, based on PostScript, used as a document distribution format
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| 67 | that is supported by Web browsers as well as many applications. Adobe also distributes an application
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| 68 | called <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Acrobat,</span>”</span> which is a PDF reader.
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| 69 | </p></dd><dt>Page Description Language</dt><dd><p>A language for describing the layout and contents of a printed page.
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| 70 | The best-known PDLs are Adobe PostScript and Hewlett-Packard PCL (Printer Control Language),
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| 71 | both of which are used to control laser printers.</p></dd><dt>PostScript Printer Description</dt><dd><p>
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| 72 | PPDs specify and control options supported by PostScript printers, such as duplexing, stapling,
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| 73 | and DPI. See also <a class="link" href="CUPS-printing.html#post-and-ghost" title="PostScript and Ghostscript">“PostScript and Ghostscript”</a>. PPD files can be read by printing applications
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| 74 | to enable correct PostScript page layout for a particular PostScript printer.
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| 75 | </p></dd><dt>Remote Procedure Call</dt><dd><p>
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| 76 | RPCs are a means for executing network operations. The RPC protocol is independent of transport protocols. RPC
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| 77 | does not try to implement any kind of reliability and the application that uses RPCs must be aware of the type
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| 78 | of transport protocol underneath RPC. An RPC is like a programmatic jump subroutine over a network. RPCs used
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| 79 | in the UNIX environment are specified in RFC 1050. RPC is a powerful technique for constructing distributed,
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| 80 | client-server based applications. It is based on extending the notion of conventional, or local procedure
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| 81 | calling, so that the called procedure need not exist in the same address space as the calling procedure. The
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| 82 | two processes may be on the same system, or they may be on different systems with a network connecting them.
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| 83 | By using RPC, programmers of distributed applications avoid the details of the interface with the network. The
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| 84 | transport independence of RPC isolates the application from the physical and logical elements of the data
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| 85 | communications mechanism and allows the application to use a variety of transports.
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| 86 | </p></dd><dt>Server Message Block</dt><dd><p>
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| 87 | SMB was the original name of the protocol `spoken' by
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| 88 | Samba. It was invented in the 1980s by IBM and adopted
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| 89 | and extended further by Microsoft. Microsoft
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| 90 | renamed the protocol to CIFS during the Internet hype in the
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| 91 | 1990s.
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| 92 | </p></dd><dt>User IDentifier</dt><dd><p>
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| 93 | The UNIX system user identifier; on older systems a 32-bit unsigned integer, and on newer systems,
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| 94 | an unsigned 64-bit integer. The UID is used in UNIX-like operating systems for all user-level access
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| 95 | control.
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| 96 | </p></dd><dt>Universal Naming Convention</dt><dd><p>A syntax for specifying the location of network resources (such as file shares).
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| 97 | The UNC syntax was developed in the early days of MS DOS 3.x and is used internally by the SMB protocol.
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| 98 | </p></dd></dl></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="apa.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ix01.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Appendix A.
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| 99 | <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
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| 100 | </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Index</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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