| 1 | .\" Title: smbpasswd
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| 2 | .\" Author: [see the "AUTHOR" section]
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| 3 | .\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.74.0 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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| 4 | .\" Date: 09/30/2009
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| 5 | .\" Manual: File Formats and Conventions
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| 6 | .\" Source: Samba 3.2
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| 7 | .\" Language: English
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| 8 | .\"
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| 9 | .TH "SMBPASSWD" "5" "09/30/2009" "Samba 3\&.2" "File Formats and Conventions"
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| 159 | .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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| 160 | .\" * set default formatting
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| 166 | .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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| 167 | .\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
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| 168 | .\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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| 169 | .SH "Name"
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| 170 | smbpasswd \- The Samba encrypted password file
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| 171 | .SH "Synopsis"
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| 172 | .PP
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| 173 | \FCsmbpasswd\F[]
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| 174 | .SH "DESCRIPTION"
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| 175 | .PP
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| 176 | This tool is part of the
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| 177 | \fBsamba\fR(7)
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| 178 | suite\&.
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| 179 | .PP
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| 180 | smbpasswd is the Samba encrypted password file\&. It contains the username, Unix user id and the SMB hashed passwords of the user, as well as account flag information and the time the password was last changed\&. This file format has been evolving with Samba and has had several different formats in the past\&.
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| 181 | .SH "FILE FORMAT"
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| 182 | .PP
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| 183 | The format of the smbpasswd file used by Samba 2\&.2 is very similar to the familiar Unix
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| 184 | \FCpasswd(5)\F[]
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| 185 | file\&. It is an ASCII file containing one line for each user\&. Each field ithin each line is separated from the next by a colon\&. Any entry beginning with \'#\' is ignored\&. The smbpasswd file contains the following information for each user:
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| 186 | .PP
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| 187 | name
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| 188 | .RS 4
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| 189 | This is the user name\&. It must be a name that already exists in the standard UNIX passwd file\&.
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| 190 | .RE
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| 191 | .PP
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| 192 | uid
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| 193 | .RS 4
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| 194 | This is the UNIX uid\&. It must match the uid field for the same user entry in the standard UNIX passwd file\&. If this does not match then Samba will refuse to recognize this smbpasswd file entry as being valid for a user\&.
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| 195 | .RE
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| 196 | .PP
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| 197 | Lanman Password Hash
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| 198 | .RS 4
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| 199 | This is the LANMAN hash of the user\'s password, encoded as 32 hex digits\&. The LANMAN hash is created by DES encrypting a well known string with the user\'s password as the DES key\&. This is the same password used by Windows 95/98 machines\&. Note that this password hash is regarded as weak as it is vulnerable to dictionary attacks and if two users choose the same password this entry will be identical (i\&.e\&. the password is not "salted" as the UNIX password is)\&. If the user has a null password this field will contain the characters "NO PASSWORD" as the start of the hex string\&. If the hex string is equal to 32 \'X\' characters then the user\'s account is marked as
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| 200 | \fBdisabled\fR
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| 201 | and the user will not be able to log onto the Samba server\&.
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| 202 | .sp
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| 203 | \fIWARNING !!\fR
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| 204 | Note that, due to the challenge\-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will be able to impersonate the user on the network\&. For this reason these hashes are known as
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| 205 | \fIplain text equivalents\fR
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| 206 | and must
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| 207 | \fINOT\fR
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| 208 | be made available to anyone but the root user\&. To protect these passwords the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with read and traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no other access\&.
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| 209 | .RE
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| 210 | .PP
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| 211 | NT Password Hash
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| 212 | .RS 4
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| 213 | This is the Windows NT hash of the user\'s password, encoded as 32 hex digits\&. The Windows NT hash is created by taking the user\'s password as represented in 16\-bit, little\-endian UNICODE and then applying the MD4 (internet rfc1321) hashing algorithm to it\&.
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| 214 | .sp
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| 215 | This password hash is considered more secure than the LANMAN Password Hash as it preserves the case of the password and uses a much higher quality hashing algorithm\&. However, it is still the case that if two users choose the same password this entry will be identical (i\&.e\&. the password is not "salted" as the UNIX password is)\&.
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| 216 | .sp
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| 217 | \fIWARNING !!\fR\&. Note that, due to the challenge\-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will be able to impersonate the user on the network\&. For this reason these hashes are known as
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| 218 | \fIplain text equivalents\fR
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| 219 | and must
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| 220 | \fINOT\fR
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| 221 | be made available to anyone but the root user\&. To protect these passwords the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with read and traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no other access\&.
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| 222 | .RE
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| 223 | .PP
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| 224 | Account Flags
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| 225 | .RS 4
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| 226 | This section contains flags that describe the attributes of the users account\&. This field is bracketed by \'[\' and \']\' characters and is always 13 characters in length (including the \'[\' and \']\' characters)\&. The contents of this field may be any of the following characters:
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| 227 | .sp
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| 228 | .RS 4
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| 229 | .ie n \{\
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| 230 | \h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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| 231 | .\}
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| 232 | .el \{\
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| 233 | .sp -1
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| 234 | .IP \(bu 2.3
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| 235 | .\}
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| 236 | \fIU\fR
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| 237 | \- This means this is a "User" account, i\&.e\&. an ordinary user\&.
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| 238 | .RE
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| 239 | .sp
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| 240 | .RS 4
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| 241 | .ie n \{\
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| 242 | \h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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| 243 | .\}
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| 244 | .el \{\
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| 245 | .sp -1
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| 246 | .IP \(bu 2.3
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| 247 | .\}
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| 248 | \fIN\fR
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| 249 | \- This means the account has no password (the passwords in the fields LANMAN Password Hash and NT Password Hash are ignored)\&. Note that this will only allow users to log on with no password if the
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| 250 | \fI null passwords\fR
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| 251 | parameter is set in the
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| 252 | \fBsmb.conf\fR(5)
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| 253 | config file\&.
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| 254 | .RE
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| 255 | .sp
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| 256 | .RS 4
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| 257 | .ie n \{\
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| 258 | \h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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| 259 | .\}
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| 260 | .el \{\
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| 261 | .sp -1
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| 262 | .IP \(bu 2.3
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| 263 | .\}
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| 264 | \fID\fR
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| 265 | \- This means the account is disabled and no SMB/CIFS logins will be allowed for this user\&.
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| 266 | .RE
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| 267 | .sp
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| 268 | .RS 4
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| 269 | .ie n \{\
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| 270 | \h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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| 271 | .\}
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| 272 | .el \{\
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| 273 | .sp -1
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| 274 | .IP \(bu 2.3
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| 275 | .\}
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| 276 | \fIX\fR
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| 277 | \- This means the password does not expire\&.
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| 278 | .RE
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| 279 | .sp
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| 280 | .RS 4
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| 281 | .ie n \{\
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| 282 | \h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
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| 283 | .\}
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| 284 | .el \{\
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| 285 | .sp -1
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| 286 | .IP \(bu 2.3
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| 287 | .\}
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| 288 | \fIW\fR
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| 289 | \- This means this account is a "Workstation Trust" account\&. This kind of account is used in the Samba PDC code stream to allow Windows NT Workstations and Servers to join a Domain hosted by a Samba PDC\&.
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| 290 | .sp
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| 291 | .RE
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| 292 | Other flags may be added as the code is extended in future\&. The rest of this field space is filled in with spaces\&. For further information regarding the flags that are supported please refer to the man page for the
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| 293 | \FCpdbedit\F[]
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| 294 | command\&.
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| 295 | .RE
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| 296 | .PP
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| 297 | Last Change Time
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| 298 | .RS 4
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| 299 | This field consists of the time the account was last modified\&. It consists of the characters \'LCT\-\' (standing for "Last Change Time") followed by a numeric encoding of the UNIX time in seconds since the epoch (1970) that the last change was made\&.
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| 300 | .RE
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| 301 | .PP
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| 302 | All other colon separated fields are ignored at this time\&.
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| 303 | .SH "VERSION"
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| 304 | .PP
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| 305 | This man page is correct for version 3 of the Samba suite\&.
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| 306 | .SH "SEE ALSO"
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| 307 | .PP
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| 308 | \fBsmbpasswd\fR(8),
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| 309 | \fBSamba\fR(7), and the Internet RFC1321 for details on the MD4 algorithm\&.
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| 310 | .SH "AUTHOR"
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| 311 | .PP
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| 312 | The original Samba software and related utilities were created by Andrew Tridgell\&. Samba is now developed by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar to the way the Linux kernel is developed\&.
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| 313 | .PP
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| 314 | The original Samba man pages were written by Karl Auer\&. The man page sources were converted to YODL format (another excellent piece of Open Source software, available at
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| 315 | ftp://ftp\&.icce\&.rug\&.nl/pub/unix/) and updated for the Samba 2\&.0 release by Jeremy Allison\&. The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2\&.2 was done by Gerald Carter\&. The conversion to DocBook XML 4\&.2 for Samba 3\&.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy\&.
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