1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//Samba-Team//DTD DocBook V4.2-Based Variant V1.0//EN" "http://www.samba.org/samba/DTD/samba-doc">
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3 | <refentry id="winbindd.8">
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4 |
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5 | <refmeta>
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6 | <refentrytitle>winbindd</refentrytitle>
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7 | <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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8 | <refmiscinfo class="source">Samba</refmiscinfo>
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9 | <refmiscinfo class="manual">System Administration tools</refmiscinfo>
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10 | <refmiscinfo class="version">3.2</refmiscinfo>
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11 | </refmeta>
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12 |
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13 |
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14 | <refnamediv>
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15 | <refname>winbindd</refname>
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16 | <refpurpose>Name Service Switch daemon for resolving names
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17 | from NT servers</refpurpose>
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18 | </refnamediv>
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19 |
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20 | <refsynopsisdiv>
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21 | <cmdsynopsis>
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22 | <command>winbindd</command>
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23 | <arg choice="opt">-D</arg>
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24 | <arg choice="opt">-F</arg>
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25 | <arg choice="opt">-S</arg>
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26 | <arg choice="opt">-i</arg>
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27 | <arg choice="opt">-Y</arg>
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28 | <arg choice="opt">-d <debug level></arg>
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29 | <arg choice="opt">-s <smb config file></arg>
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30 | <arg choice="opt">-n</arg>
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31 | </cmdsynopsis>
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32 | </refsynopsisdiv>
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33 |
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34 | <refsect1>
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35 | <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
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36 |
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37 | <para>This program is part of the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>samba</refentrytitle>
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38 | <manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> suite.</para>
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39 |
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40 | <para><command>winbindd</command> is a daemon that provides
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41 | a number of services to the Name Service Switch capability found
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42 | in most modern C libraries, to arbitrary applications via PAM
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43 | and <command>ntlm_auth</command> and to Samba itself.</para>
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44 |
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45 | <para>Even if winbind is not used for nsswitch, it still provides a
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46 | service to <command>smbd</command>, <command>ntlm_auth</command>
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47 | and the <command>pam_winbind.so</command> PAM module, by managing connections to
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48 | domain controllers. In this configuraiton the
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49 | <smbconfoption name="idmap uid"/> and
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50 | <smbconfoption name="idmap gid"/>
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51 | parameters are not required. (This is known as `netlogon proxy only mode'.)</para>
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52 |
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53 | <para> The Name Service Switch allows user
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54 | and system information to be obtained from different databases
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55 | services such as NIS or DNS. The exact behaviour can be configured
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56 | throught the <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file.
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57 | Users and groups are allocated as they are resolved to a range
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58 | of user and group ids specified by the administrator of the
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59 | Samba system.</para>
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60 |
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61 | <para>The service provided by <command>winbindd</command> is called `winbind' and
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62 | can be used to resolve user and group information from a
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63 | Windows NT server. The service can also provide authentication
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64 | services via an associated PAM module. </para>
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65 |
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66 | <para>
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67 | The <filename>pam_winbind</filename> module supports the
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68 | <parameter>auth</parameter>, <parameter>account</parameter>
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69 | and <parameter>password</parameter>
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70 | module-types. It should be noted that the
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71 | <parameter>account</parameter> module simply performs a getpwnam() to verify that
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72 | the system can obtain a uid for the user, as the domain
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73 | controller has already performed access control. If the
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74 | <filename>libnss_winbind</filename> library has been correctly
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75 | installed, or an alternate source of names configured, this should always succeed.
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76 | </para>
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77 |
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78 | <para>The following nsswitch databases are implemented by
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79 | the winbindd service: </para>
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80 |
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81 | <variablelist>
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82 | <varlistentry>
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83 | <term>-D</term>
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84 | <listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
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85 | the server to operate as a daemon. That is, it detaches
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86 | itself and runs in the background on the appropriate port.
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87 | This switch is assumed if <command>winbindd</command> is
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88 | executed on the command line of a shell.
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89 | </para></listitem>
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90 | </varlistentry>
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91 |
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92 | <varlistentry>
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93 | <term>hosts</term>
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94 | <listitem><para>This feature is only available on IRIX.
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95 | User information traditionally stored in
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96 | the <filename>hosts(5)</filename> file and used by
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97 | <command>gethostbyname(3)</command> functions. Names are
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98 | resolved through the WINS server or by broadcast.
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99 | </para></listitem>
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100 | </varlistentry>
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101 |
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102 | <varlistentry>
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103 | <term>passwd</term>
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104 | <listitem><para>User information traditionally stored in
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105 | the <filename>passwd(5)</filename> file and used by
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106 | <command>getpwent(3)</command> functions. </para></listitem>
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107 | </varlistentry>
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108 |
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109 | <varlistentry>
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110 | <term>group</term>
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111 | <listitem><para>Group information traditionally stored in
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112 | the <filename>group(5)</filename> file and used by
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113 | <command>getgrent(3)</command> functions. </para></listitem>
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114 | </varlistentry>
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115 | </variablelist>
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116 |
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117 | <para>For example, the following simple configuration in the
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118 | <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file can be used to initially
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119 | resolve user and group information from <filename>/etc/passwd
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120 | </filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> and then from the
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121 | Windows NT server.
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122 | </para>
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123 |
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124 | <programlisting>
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125 | passwd: files winbind
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126 | group: files winbind
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127 | ## only available on IRIX: use winbind to resolve hosts:
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128 | # hosts: files dns winbind
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129 | ## All other NSS enabled systems should use libnss_wins.so like this:
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130 | hosts: files dns wins
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131 |
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132 | </programlisting>
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133 |
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134 | <para>The following simple configuration in the
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135 | <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file can be used to initially
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136 | resolve hostnames from <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> and then from the
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137 | WINS server.</para>
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138 | <programlisting>
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139 | hosts: files wins
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140 | </programlisting>
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141 |
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142 | </refsect1>
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143 |
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144 |
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145 | <refsect1>
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146 | <title>OPTIONS</title>
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147 |
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148 | <variablelist>
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149 | <varlistentry>
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150 | <term>-F</term>
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151 | <listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
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152 | the main <command>winbindd</command> process to not daemonize,
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153 | i.e. double-fork and disassociate with the terminal.
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154 | Child processes are still created as normal to service
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155 | each connection request, but the main process does not
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156 | exit. This operation mode is suitable for running
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157 | <command>winbindd</command> under process supervisors such
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158 | as <command>supervise</command> and <command>svscan</command>
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159 | from Daniel J. Bernstein's <command>daemontools</command>
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160 | package, or the AIX process monitor.
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161 | </para></listitem>
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162 | </varlistentry>
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163 |
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164 | <varlistentry>
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165 | <term>-S</term>
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166 | <listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
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167 | <command>winbindd</command> to log to standard output rather
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168 | than a file.</para></listitem>
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169 | </varlistentry>
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170 |
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171 | &stdarg.server.debug;
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172 | &popt.common.samba;
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173 | &stdarg.help;
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174 |
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175 | <varlistentry>
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176 | <term>-i</term>
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177 | <listitem><para>Tells <command>winbindd</command> to not
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178 | become a daemon and detach from the current terminal. This
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179 | option is used by developers when interactive debugging
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180 | of <command>winbindd</command> is required.
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181 | <command>winbindd</command> also logs to standard output,
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182 | as if the <command>-S</command> parameter had been given.
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183 | </para></listitem>
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184 | </varlistentry>
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185 |
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186 | <varlistentry>
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187 | <term>-n</term>
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188 | <listitem><para>Disable caching. This means winbindd will
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189 | always have to wait for a response from the domain controller
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190 | before it can respond to a client and this thus makes things
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191 | slower. The results will however be more accurate, since
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192 | results from the cache might not be up-to-date. This
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193 | might also temporarily hang winbindd if the DC doesn't respond.
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194 | </para></listitem>
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195 | </varlistentry>
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196 |
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197 | <varlistentry>
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198 | <term>-Y</term>
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199 | <listitem><para>Single daemon mode. This means winbindd will run
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200 | as a single process (the mode of operation in Samba 2.2). Winbindd's
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201 | default behavior is to launch a child process that is responsible for
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202 | updating expired cache entries.
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203 | </para></listitem>
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204 | </varlistentry>
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205 |
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206 | </variablelist>
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207 | </refsect1>
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208 |
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209 |
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210 | <refsect1>
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211 | <title>NAME AND ID RESOLUTION</title>
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212 |
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213 | <para>Users and groups on a Windows NT server are assigned
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214 | a security id (SID) which is globally unique when the
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215 | user or group is created. To convert the Windows NT user or group
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216 | into a unix user or group, a mapping between SIDs and unix user
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217 | and group ids is required. This is one of the jobs that <command>
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218 | winbindd</command> performs. </para>
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219 |
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220 | <para>As winbindd users and groups are resolved from a server, user
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221 | and group ids are allocated from a specified range. This
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222 | is done on a first come, first served basis, although all existing
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223 | users and groups will be mapped as soon as a client performs a user
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224 | or group enumeration command. The allocated unix ids are stored
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225 | in a database and will be remembered. </para>
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226 |
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227 | <para>WARNING: The SID to unix id database is the only location
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228 | where the user and group mappings are stored by winbindd. If this
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229 | store is deleted or corrupted, there is no way for winbindd to
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230 | determine which user and group ids correspond to Windows NT user
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231 | and group rids. </para>
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232 |
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233 | <para>See the <smbconfoption name="idmap domains"/> or the old <smbconfoption name="idmap backend"/> parameters in
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234 | <filename>smb.conf</filename> for options for sharing this
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235 | database, such as via LDAP.</para>
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236 | </refsect1>
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237 |
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238 |
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239 | <refsect1>
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240 | <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
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241 |
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242 | <para>Configuration of the <command>winbindd</command> daemon
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243 | is done through configuration parameters in the <citerefentry>
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244 | <refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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245 | </citerefentry> file. All parameters should be specified in the
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246 | [global] section of smb.conf. </para>
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247 |
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248 | <itemizedlist>
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249 | <listitem><para>
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250 | <smbconfoption name="winbind separator"/></para></listitem>
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251 | <listitem><para>
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252 | <smbconfoption name="idmap uid"/></para></listitem>
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253 | <listitem><para>
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254 | <smbconfoption name="idmap gid"/></para></listitem>
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255 | <listitem><para>
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256 | <smbconfoption name="idmap backend"/></para></listitem>
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257 | <listitem><para>
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258 | <smbconfoption name="winbind cache time"/></para></listitem>
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259 | <listitem><para>
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260 | <smbconfoption name="winbind enum users"/></para></listitem>
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261 | <listitem><para>
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262 | <smbconfoption name="winbind enum groups"/></para></listitem>
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263 | <listitem><para>
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264 | <smbconfoption name="template homedir"/></para></listitem>
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265 | <listitem><para>
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266 | <smbconfoption name="template shell"/></para></listitem>
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267 | <listitem><para>
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268 | <smbconfoption name="winbind use default domain"/></para></listitem>
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269 | <listitem><para>
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270 | <smbconfoption name="winbind: rpc only"/>
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271 | Setting this parameter forces winbindd to use RPC
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272 | instead of LDAP to retrieve information from Domain
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273 | Controllers.
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274 | </para></listitem>
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275 | </itemizedlist>
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276 | </refsect1>
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277 |
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278 |
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279 | <refsect1>
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280 | <title>EXAMPLE SETUP</title>
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281 |
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282 | <para>
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283 | To setup winbindd for user and group lookups plus
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284 | authentication from a domain controller use something like the
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285 | following setup. This was tested on an early Red Hat Linux box.
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286 | </para>
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287 |
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288 | <para>In <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> put the
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289 | following:
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290 | <programlisting>
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291 | passwd: files winbind
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292 | group: files winbind
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293 | </programlisting>
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294 | </para>
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295 |
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296 | <para>In <filename>/etc/pam.d/*</filename> replace the <parameter>
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297 | auth</parameter> lines with something like this:
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298 | <programlisting>
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299 | auth required /lib/security/pam_securetty.so
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300 | auth required /lib/security/pam_nologin.so
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301 | auth sufficient /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
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302 | auth required /lib/security/pam_unix.so \
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303 | use_first_pass shadow nullok
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304 | </programlisting>
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305 | </para>
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306 |
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307 | <note><para>
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308 | The PAM module pam_unix has recently replaced the module pam_pwdb.
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309 | Some Linux systems use the module pam_unix2 in place of pam_unix.
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310 | </para></note>
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311 |
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312 | <para>Note in particular the use of the <parameter>sufficient
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313 | </parameter> keyword and the <parameter>use_first_pass</parameter> keyword. </para>
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314 |
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315 | <para>Now replace the account lines with this: </para>
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316 |
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317 | <para><command>account required /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
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318 | </command></para>
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319 |
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320 | <para>The next step is to join the domain. To do that use the
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321 | <command>net</command> program like this: </para>
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322 |
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323 | <para><command>net join -S PDC -U Administrator</command></para>
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324 |
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325 | <para>The username after the <parameter>-U</parameter> can be any
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326 | Domain user that has administrator privileges on the machine.
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327 | Substitute the name or IP of your PDC for "PDC".</para>
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328 |
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329 | <para>Next copy <filename>libnss_winbind.so</filename> to
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330 | <filename>/lib</filename> and <filename>pam_winbind.so
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331 | </filename> to <filename>/lib/security</filename>. A symbolic link needs to be
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332 | made from <filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so</filename> to
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333 | <filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.2</filename>. If you are using an
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334 | older version of glibc then the target of the link should be
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335 | <filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.1</filename>.</para>
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336 |
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337 | <para>Finally, setup a <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
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338 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> containing directives like the
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339 | following:
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340 | <programlisting>
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341 | [global]
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342 | winbind separator = +
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343 | winbind cache time = 10
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344 | template shell = /bin/bash
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345 | template homedir = /home/%D/%U
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346 | idmap uid = 10000-20000
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347 | idmap gid = 10000-20000
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348 | workgroup = DOMAIN
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349 | security = domain
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350 | password server = *
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351 | </programlisting></para>
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352 |
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353 |
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354 | <para>Now start winbindd and you should find that your user and
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355 | group database is expanded to include your NT users and groups,
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356 | and that you can login to your unix box as a domain user, using
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357 | the DOMAIN+user syntax for the username. You may wish to use the
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358 | commands <command>getent passwd</command> and <command>getent group
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359 | </command> to confirm the correct operation of winbindd.</para>
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360 | </refsect1>
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361 |
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362 |
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363 | <refsect1>
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364 | <title>NOTES</title>
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365 |
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366 | <para>The following notes are useful when configuring and
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367 | running <command>winbindd</command>: </para>
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368 |
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369 | <para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>nmbd</refentrytitle>
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370 | <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> must be running on the local machine
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371 | for <command>winbindd</command> to work. </para>
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372 |
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373 | <para>PAM is really easy to misconfigure. Make sure you know what
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374 | you are doing when modifying PAM configuration files. It is possible
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375 | to set up PAM such that you can no longer log into your system. </para>
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376 |
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377 | <para>If more than one UNIX machine is running <command>winbindd</command>,
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378 | then in general the user and groups ids allocated by winbindd will not
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379 | be the same. The user and group ids will only be valid for the local
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380 | machine, unless a shared <smbconfoption name="idmap backend"/> is configured.</para>
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381 |
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382 | <para>If the the Windows NT SID to UNIX user and group id mapping
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383 | file is damaged or destroyed then the mappings will be lost. </para>
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384 | </refsect1>
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385 |
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386 |
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387 | <refsect1>
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388 | <title>SIGNALS</title>
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389 |
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390 | <para>The following signals can be used to manipulate the
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391 | <command>winbindd</command> daemon. </para>
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392 |
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393 | <variablelist>
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394 | <varlistentry>
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395 | <term>SIGHUP</term>
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396 | <listitem><para>Reload the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
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397 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file and
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398 | apply any parameter changes to the running
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399 | version of winbindd. This signal also clears any cached
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400 | user and group information. The list of other domains trusted
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401 | by winbindd is also reloaded. </para></listitem>
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402 | </varlistentry>
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403 |
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404 | <varlistentry>
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405 | <term>SIGUSR2</term>
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406 | <listitem><para>The SIGUSR2 signal will cause <command>
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407 | winbindd</command> to write status information to the winbind
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408 | log file.</para>
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409 |
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410 | <para>Log files are stored in the filename specified by the
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411 | log file parameter.</para></listitem>
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412 | </varlistentry>
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413 | </variablelist>
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414 | </refsect1>
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415 |
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416 | <refsect1>
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417 | <title>FILES</title>
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418 |
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419 | <variablelist>
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420 | <varlistentry>
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421 | <term><filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf(5)</filename></term>
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422 | <listitem><para>Name service switch configuration file.</para>
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423 | </listitem>
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424 | </varlistentry>
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425 |
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426 | <varlistentry>
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427 | <term>/tmp/.winbindd/pipe</term>
|
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428 | <listitem><para>The UNIX pipe over which clients communicate with
|
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429 | the <command>winbindd</command> program. For security reasons, the
|
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430 | winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon
|
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431 | if both the <filename>/tmp/.winbindd</filename> directory
|
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432 | and <filename>/tmp/.winbindd/pipe</filename> file are owned by
|
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433 | root. </para></listitem>
|
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434 | </varlistentry>
|
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435 |
|
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436 | <varlistentry>
|
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437 | <term>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged/pipe</term>
|
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438 | <listitem><para>The UNIX pipe over which 'privileged' clients
|
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439 | communicate with the <command>winbindd</command> program. For security
|
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440 | reasons, access to some winbindd functions - like those needed by
|
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441 | the <command>ntlm_auth</command> utility - is restricted. By default,
|
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442 | only users in the 'root' group will get this access, however the administrator
|
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443 | may change the group permissions on $LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged to allow
|
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444 | programs like 'squid' to use ntlm_auth.
|
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445 | Note that the winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon
|
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446 | if both the <filename>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged</filename> directory
|
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447 | and <filename>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privileged/pipe</filename> file are owned by
|
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448 | root. </para></listitem>
|
---|
449 | </varlistentry>
|
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450 |
|
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451 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
452 | <term>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.X</term>
|
---|
453 | <listitem><para>Implementation of name service switch library.
|
---|
454 | </para></listitem>
|
---|
455 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
456 |
|
---|
457 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
458 | <term>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_idmap.tdb</term>
|
---|
459 | <listitem><para>Storage for the Windows NT rid to UNIX user/group
|
---|
460 | id mapping. The lock directory is specified when Samba is initially
|
---|
461 | compiled using the <parameter>--with-lockdir</parameter> option.
|
---|
462 | This directory is by default <filename>/usr/local/samba/var/locks
|
---|
463 | </filename>. </para></listitem>
|
---|
464 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
465 |
|
---|
466 | <varlistentry>
|
---|
467 | <term>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_cache.tdb</term>
|
---|
468 | <listitem><para>Storage for cached user and group information.
|
---|
469 | </para></listitem>
|
---|
470 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
471 | </variablelist>
|
---|
472 | </refsect1>
|
---|
473 |
|
---|
474 |
|
---|
475 | <refsect1>
|
---|
476 | <title>VERSION</title>
|
---|
477 |
|
---|
478 | <para>This man page is correct for version 3 of
|
---|
479 | the Samba suite.</para>
|
---|
480 | </refsect1>
|
---|
481 |
|
---|
482 | <refsect1>
|
---|
483 | <title>SEE ALSO</title>
|
---|
484 |
|
---|
485 | <para><filename>nsswitch.conf(5)</filename>, <citerefentry>
|
---|
486 | <refentrytitle>samba</refentrytitle>
|
---|
487 | <manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
|
---|
488 | <refentrytitle>wbinfo</refentrytitle>
|
---|
489 | <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
|
---|
490 | <refentrytitle>ntlm_auth</refentrytitle>
|
---|
491 | <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
|
---|
492 | <refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
|
---|
493 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
|
---|
494 | <refentrytitle>pam_winbind</refentrytitle>
|
---|
495 | <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></para>
|
---|
496 | </refsect1>
|
---|
497 |
|
---|
498 | <refsect1>
|
---|
499 | <title>AUTHOR</title>
|
---|
500 |
|
---|
501 | <para>The original Samba software and related utilities
|
---|
502 | were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed
|
---|
503 | by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar
|
---|
504 | to the way the Linux kernel is developed.</para>
|
---|
505 |
|
---|
506 | <para><command>wbinfo</command> and <command>winbindd</command> were
|
---|
507 | written by Tim Potter.</para>
|
---|
508 |
|
---|
509 | <para>The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done
|
---|
510 | by Gerald Carter. The conversion to DocBook XML 4.2 for
|
---|
511 | Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy.</para>
|
---|
512 | </refsect1>
|
---|
513 |
|
---|
514 | </refentry>
|
---|