| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> | 
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//Samba-Team//DTD DocBook V4.2-Based Variant V1.0//EN" "http://www.samba.org/samba/DTD/samba-doc"> | 
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| 3 | <refentry id="smbpasswd.8"> | 
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| 4 |  | 
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| 5 | <refmeta> | 
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| 6 | <refentrytitle>smbpasswd</refentrytitle> | 
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| 7 | <manvolnum>8</manvolnum> | 
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| 8 | <refmiscinfo class="source">Samba</refmiscinfo> | 
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| 9 | <refmiscinfo class="manual">System Administration tools</refmiscinfo> | 
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| 10 | <refmiscinfo class="version">3.2</refmiscinfo> | 
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| 11 | </refmeta> | 
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| 12 |  | 
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| 13 |  | 
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| 14 | <refnamediv> | 
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| 15 | <refname>smbpasswd</refname> | 
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| 16 | <refpurpose>change a user's SMB password</refpurpose> | 
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| 17 | </refnamediv> | 
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| 18 |  | 
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| 19 | <refsynopsisdiv> | 
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| 20 | <cmdsynopsis> | 
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| 21 | <command>smbpasswd</command> | 
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| 22 | <arg choice="opt">-a</arg> | 
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| 23 | <arg choice="opt">-c <config file></arg> | 
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| 24 | <arg choice="opt">-x</arg> | 
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| 25 | <arg choice="opt">-d</arg> | 
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| 26 | <arg choice="opt">-e</arg> | 
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| 27 | <arg choice="opt">-D debuglevel</arg> | 
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| 28 | <arg choice="opt">-n</arg> | 
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| 29 | <arg choice="opt">-r <remote machine></arg> | 
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| 30 | <arg choice="opt">-R <name resolve order></arg> | 
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| 31 | <arg choice="opt">-m</arg> | 
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| 32 | <arg choice="opt">-U username[%password]</arg> | 
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| 33 | <arg choice="opt">-h</arg> | 
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| 34 | <arg choice="opt">-s</arg> | 
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| 35 | <arg choice="opt">-w pass</arg> | 
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| 36 | <arg choice="opt">-W</arg> | 
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| 37 | <arg choice="opt">-i</arg> | 
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| 38 | <arg choice="opt">-L</arg> | 
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| 39 | <arg choice="opt">username</arg> | 
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| 40 | </cmdsynopsis> | 
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| 41 | </refsynopsisdiv> | 
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| 42 |  | 
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| 43 | <refsect1> | 
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| 44 | <title>DESCRIPTION</title> | 
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| 45 |  | 
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| 46 | <para>This tool is part of the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>samba</refentrytitle> | 
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| 47 | <manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> suite.</para> | 
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| 48 |  | 
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| 49 | <para>The smbpasswd program has several different | 
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| 50 | functions, depending on whether it is run by the <emphasis>root</emphasis> user | 
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| 51 | or not. When run as a normal user it allows the user to change | 
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| 52 | the password used for their SMB sessions on any machines that store | 
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| 53 | SMB passwords. </para> | 
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| 54 |  | 
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| 55 | <para>By default (when run with no arguments) it will attempt to | 
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| 56 | change the current user's SMB password on the local machine. This is | 
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| 57 | similar to the way the <command>passwd(1)</command> program works. <command> | 
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| 58 | smbpasswd</command> differs from how the passwd program works | 
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| 59 | however in that it is not <emphasis>setuid root</emphasis> but works in | 
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| 60 | a client-server mode and communicates with a | 
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| 61 | locally running <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smbd</refentrytitle> | 
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| 62 | <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. As a consequence in order for this to | 
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| 63 | succeed the smbd daemon must be running on the local machine. On a | 
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| 64 | UNIX machine the encrypted SMB passwords are usually stored in | 
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| 65 | the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smbpasswd</refentrytitle> | 
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| 66 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file. </para> | 
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| 67 |  | 
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| 68 | <para>When run by an ordinary user with no options, smbpasswd | 
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| 69 | will prompt them for their old SMB password and then ask them | 
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| 70 | for their new password twice, to ensure that the new password | 
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| 71 | was typed correctly. No passwords will be echoed on the screen | 
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| 72 | whilst being typed. If you have a blank SMB password (specified by | 
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| 73 | the string "NO PASSWORD" in the smbpasswd file) then just press | 
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| 74 | the <Enter> key when asked for your old password. </para> | 
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| 75 |  | 
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| 76 | <para>smbpasswd can also be used by a normal user to change their | 
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| 77 | SMB password on remote machines, such as Windows NT Primary Domain | 
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| 78 | Controllers.   See the (<parameter>-r</parameter>) and <parameter>-U</parameter> options | 
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| 79 | below. </para> | 
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| 80 |  | 
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| 81 | <para>When run by root, smbpasswd allows new users to be added | 
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| 82 | and deleted in the smbpasswd file, as well as allows changes to | 
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| 83 | the attributes of the user in this file to be made. When run by root, <command> | 
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| 84 | smbpasswd</command> accesses the local smbpasswd file | 
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| 85 | directly, thus enabling changes to be made even if smbd is not | 
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| 86 | running. </para> | 
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| 87 | </refsect1> | 
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| 88 |  | 
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| 89 | <refsect1> | 
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| 90 | <title>OPTIONS</title> | 
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| 91 | <variablelist> | 
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| 92 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 93 | <term>-a</term> | 
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| 94 | <listitem><para> | 
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| 95 | This option specifies that the username following should be added to the local smbpasswd file, with the new | 
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| 96 | password typed (type <Enter> for the old password). This option is ignored if the username following | 
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| 97 | already exists in the smbpasswd file and it is treated like a regular change password command.  Note that the | 
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| 98 | default passdb backends require the user to already exist in the system password file (usually | 
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| 99 | <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>), else the request to add the user will fail. | 
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| 100 | </para> | 
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| 101 |  | 
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| 102 | <para>This option is only available when running smbpasswd | 
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| 103 | as root. </para></listitem> | 
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| 104 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 105 |  | 
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| 106 |  | 
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| 107 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 108 | <term>-c</term> | 
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| 109 | <listitem><para> | 
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| 110 | This option can be used to specify the path and file name of the &smb.conf; configuration file when it | 
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| 111 | is important to use other than the default file and / or location. | 
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| 112 | </para></listitem> | 
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| 113 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 114 |  | 
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| 115 |  | 
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| 116 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 117 | <term>-x</term> | 
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| 118 | <listitem><para> | 
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| 119 | This option specifies that the username following should be deleted from the local smbpasswd file. | 
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| 120 | </para> | 
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| 121 |  | 
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| 122 | <para> | 
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| 123 | This option is only available when running smbpasswd as root. | 
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| 124 | </para></listitem> | 
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| 125 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 126 |  | 
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| 127 |  | 
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| 128 |  | 
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| 129 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 130 | <term>-d</term> | 
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| 131 | <listitem><para>This option specifies that the username following | 
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| 132 | should be <constant>disabled</constant> in the local smbpasswd | 
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| 133 | file. This is done by writing a <constant>'D'</constant> flag | 
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| 134 | into the account control space in the smbpasswd file. Once this | 
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| 135 | is done all attempts to authenticate via SMB using this username | 
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| 136 | will fail. </para> | 
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| 137 |  | 
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| 138 | <para>If the smbpasswd file is in the 'old' format (pre-Samba 2.0 | 
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| 139 | format) there is no space in the user's password entry to write | 
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| 140 | this information and the command will FAIL. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smbpasswd</refentrytitle> | 
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| 141 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details on the 'old' and new password file formats. | 
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| 142 | </para> | 
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| 143 |  | 
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| 144 | <para>This option is only available when running smbpasswd as | 
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| 145 | root.</para></listitem> | 
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| 146 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 147 |  | 
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| 148 |  | 
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| 149 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 150 | <term>-e</term> | 
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| 151 | <listitem><para>This option specifies that the username following | 
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| 152 | should be <constant>enabled</constant> in the local smbpasswd file, | 
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| 153 | if the account was previously disabled. If the account was not | 
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| 154 | disabled this option has no effect. Once the account is enabled then | 
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| 155 | the user will be able to authenticate via SMB once again. </para> | 
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| 156 |  | 
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| 157 | <para>If the smbpasswd file is in the 'old' format, then <command> | 
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| 158 | smbpasswd</command> will FAIL to enable the account. | 
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| 159 | See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smbpasswd</refentrytitle> | 
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| 160 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for | 
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| 161 | details on the 'old' and new password file formats. </para> | 
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| 162 |  | 
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| 163 | <para>This option is only available when running smbpasswd as root. | 
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| 164 | </para></listitem> | 
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| 165 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 166 |  | 
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| 167 |  | 
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| 168 |  | 
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| 169 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 170 | <term>-D debuglevel</term> | 
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| 171 | <listitem><para><replaceable>debuglevel</replaceable> is an integer | 
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| 172 | from 0 to 10.  The default value if this parameter is not specified | 
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| 173 | is zero. </para> | 
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| 174 |  | 
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| 175 | <para>The higher this value, the more detail will be logged to the | 
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| 176 | log files about the activities of smbpasswd. At level 0, only | 
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| 177 | critical errors and serious warnings will be logged. </para> | 
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| 178 |  | 
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| 179 | <para>Levels above 1 will generate considerable amounts of log | 
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| 180 | data, and should only be used when investigating a problem. Levels | 
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| 181 | above 3 are designed for use only by developers and generate | 
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| 182 | HUGE amounts of log data, most of which is extremely cryptic. | 
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| 183 | </para></listitem> | 
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| 184 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 185 |  | 
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| 186 |  | 
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| 187 |  | 
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| 188 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 189 | <term>-n</term> | 
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| 190 | <listitem><para>This option specifies that the username following | 
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| 191 | should have their password set to null (i.e. a blank password) in | 
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| 192 | the local smbpasswd file. This is done by writing the string "NO | 
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| 193 | PASSWORD" as the first part of the first password stored in the | 
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| 194 | smbpasswd file. </para> | 
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| 195 |  | 
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| 196 | <para>Note that to allow users to logon to a Samba server once | 
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| 197 | the password has been set to "NO PASSWORD" in the smbpasswd | 
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| 198 | file the administrator must set the following parameter in the [global] | 
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| 199 | section of the <filename>smb.conf</filename> file : </para> | 
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| 200 |  | 
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| 201 | <para><command>null passwords = yes</command></para> | 
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| 202 |  | 
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| 203 | <para>This option is only available when running smbpasswd as | 
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| 204 | root.</para></listitem> | 
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| 205 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 206 |  | 
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| 207 |  | 
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| 208 |  | 
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| 209 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 210 | <term>-r remote machine name</term> | 
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| 211 | <listitem><para>This option allows a user to specify what machine | 
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| 212 | they wish to change their password on. Without this parameter | 
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| 213 | smbpasswd defaults to the local host. The <replaceable>remote | 
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| 214 | machine name</replaceable> is the NetBIOS name of the SMB/CIFS | 
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| 215 | server to contact to attempt the password change. This name is | 
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| 216 | resolved into an IP address using the standard name resolution | 
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| 217 | mechanism in all programs of the Samba suite. See the <parameter>-R | 
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| 218 | name resolve order</parameter> parameter for details on changing | 
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| 219 | this resolving mechanism. </para> | 
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| 220 |  | 
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| 221 | <para>The username whose password is changed is that of the | 
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| 222 | current UNIX logged on user. See the <parameter>-U username</parameter> | 
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| 223 | parameter for details on changing the password for a different | 
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| 224 | username. </para> | 
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| 225 |  | 
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| 226 | <para>Note that if changing a Windows NT Domain password the | 
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| 227 | remote machine specified must be the Primary Domain Controller for | 
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| 228 | the domain (Backup Domain Controllers only have a read-only | 
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| 229 | copy of the user account database and will not allow the password | 
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| 230 | change).</para> | 
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| 231 |  | 
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| 232 | <para><emphasis>Note</emphasis> that Windows 95/98 do not have | 
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| 233 | a real password database so it is not possible to change passwords | 
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| 234 | specifying a Win95/98  machine as remote machine target. </para> | 
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| 235 | </listitem> | 
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| 236 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 237 |  | 
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| 238 |  | 
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| 239 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 240 | <term>-R name resolve order</term> | 
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| 241 | <listitem><para>This option allows the user of smbpasswd to determine | 
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| 242 | what name resolution services to use when looking up the NetBIOS | 
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| 243 | name of the host being connected to. </para> | 
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| 244 |  | 
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| 245 | <para>The options are :"lmhosts", "host", "wins" and "bcast". They | 
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| 246 | cause names to be resolved as follows: </para> | 
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| 247 | <itemizedlist> | 
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| 248 | <listitem><para><constant>lmhosts</constant>: Lookup an IP | 
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| 249 | address in the Samba lmhosts file. If the line in lmhosts has | 
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| 250 | no name type attached to the NetBIOS name (see the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lmhosts</refentrytitle> | 
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| 251 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details) then | 
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| 252 | any name type matches for lookup.</para></listitem> | 
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| 253 |  | 
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| 254 | <listitem><para><constant>host</constant>: Do a standard host | 
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| 255 | name to IP address resolution, using the system <filename>/etc/hosts | 
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| 256 | </filename>, NIS, or DNS lookups. This method of name resolution | 
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| 257 | is operating system depended for instance on IRIX or Solaris this | 
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| 258 | may be controlled by the <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> | 
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| 259 | file).  Note that this method is only used if the NetBIOS name | 
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| 260 | type being queried is the 0x20 (server) name type, otherwise | 
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| 261 | it is ignored.</para></listitem> | 
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| 262 |  | 
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| 263 | <listitem><para><constant>wins</constant>: Query a name with | 
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| 264 | the IP address listed in the <parameter>wins server</parameter> | 
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| 265 | parameter.  If no WINS server has been specified this method | 
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| 266 | will be ignored.</para></listitem> | 
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| 267 |  | 
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| 268 | <listitem><para><constant>bcast</constant>: Do a broadcast on | 
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| 269 | each of the known local interfaces listed in the | 
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| 270 | <parameter>interfaces</parameter> parameter. This is the least | 
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| 271 | reliable of the name resolution methods as it depends on the | 
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| 272 | target host being on a locally connected subnet.</para></listitem> | 
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| 273 | </itemizedlist> | 
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| 274 |  | 
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| 275 | <para>The default order is <command>lmhosts, host, wins, bcast</command> | 
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| 276 | and without this parameter or any entry in the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle> | 
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| 277 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file the name resolution methods will | 
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| 278 | be attempted in this order. </para></listitem> | 
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| 279 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 280 |  | 
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| 281 |  | 
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| 282 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 283 | <term>-m</term> | 
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| 284 | <listitem><para>This option tells smbpasswd that the account | 
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| 285 | being changed is a MACHINE account. Currently this is used | 
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| 286 | when Samba is being used as an NT Primary Domain Controller.</para> | 
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| 287 |  | 
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| 288 | <para>This option is only available when running smbpasswd as root. | 
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| 289 | </para></listitem> | 
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| 290 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 291 |  | 
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| 292 |  | 
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| 293 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 294 | <term>-U username</term> | 
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| 295 | <listitem><para>This option may only be used in conjunction | 
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| 296 | with the <parameter>-r</parameter> option. When changing | 
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| 297 | a password on a remote machine it allows the user to specify | 
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| 298 | the user name on that machine whose password will be changed. It | 
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| 299 | is present to allow users who have different user names on | 
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| 300 | different systems to change these passwords. </para></listitem> | 
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| 301 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 302 |  | 
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| 303 |  | 
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| 304 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 305 | <term>-h</term> | 
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| 306 | <listitem><para>This option prints the help string for <command> | 
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| 307 | smbpasswd</command>, selecting the correct one for running as root | 
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| 308 | or as an ordinary user. </para></listitem> | 
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| 309 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 310 |  | 
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| 311 |  | 
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| 312 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 313 | <term>-s</term> | 
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| 314 | <listitem><para>This option causes smbpasswd to be silent (i.e. | 
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| 315 | not issue prompts) and to read its old and new passwords from | 
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| 316 | standard  input, rather than from <filename>/dev/tty</filename> | 
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| 317 | (like the <command>passwd(1)</command> program does). This option | 
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| 318 | is to aid people writing scripts to drive smbpasswd</para> | 
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| 319 | </listitem> | 
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| 320 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 321 |  | 
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| 322 |  | 
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| 323 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 324 | <term>-w password</term> | 
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| 325 | <listitem><para>This parameter is only available if Samba | 
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| 326 | has been compiled with LDAP support. The <parameter>-w</parameter> | 
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| 327 | switch is used to specify the password to be used with the | 
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| 328 | <smbconfoption name="ldap admin dn"/>.  Note that the password is stored in | 
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| 329 | the <filename>secrets.tdb</filename> and is keyed off | 
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| 330 | of the admin's DN.  This means that if the value of <parameter>ldap | 
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| 331 | admin dn</parameter> ever changes, the password will need to be | 
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| 332 | manually updated as well. | 
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| 333 | </para> | 
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| 334 | </listitem> | 
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| 335 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 336 |  | 
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| 337 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 338 | <term>-W</term> | 
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| 339 | <listitem><para><command>NOTE: </command> This option is same as "-w" | 
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| 340 | except that the password should be entered using stdin. | 
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| 341 | </para> | 
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| 342 | <para>This parameter is only available if Samba | 
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| 343 | has been compiled with LDAP support. The <parameter>-W</parameter> | 
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| 344 | switch is used to specify the password to be used with the | 
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| 345 | <smbconfoption name="ldap admin dn"/>.  Note that the password is stored in | 
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| 346 | the <filename>secrets.tdb</filename> and is keyed off | 
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| 347 | of the admin's DN.  This means that if the value of <parameter>ldap | 
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| 348 | admin dn</parameter> ever changes, the password will need to be | 
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| 349 | manually updated as well. | 
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| 350 | </para> | 
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| 351 | </listitem> | 
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| 352 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 353 |  | 
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| 354 |  | 
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| 355 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 356 | <term>-i</term> | 
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| 357 | <listitem><para>This option tells smbpasswd that the account | 
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| 358 | being changed is an interdomain trust account. Currently this is used | 
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| 359 | when Samba is being used as an NT Primary Domain Controller. | 
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| 360 | The account contains the info about another trusted domain.</para> | 
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| 361 |  | 
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| 362 | <para>This option is only available when running smbpasswd as root. | 
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| 363 | </para></listitem> | 
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| 364 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 365 |  | 
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| 366 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 367 | <term>-L</term> | 
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| 368 | <listitem><para>Run in local mode.</para></listitem> | 
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| 369 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 370 |  | 
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| 371 | <varlistentry> | 
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| 372 | <term>username</term> | 
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| 373 | <listitem><para>This specifies the username for all of the | 
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| 374 | <emphasis>root only</emphasis> options to operate on. Only root | 
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| 375 | can specify this parameter as only root has the permission needed | 
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| 376 | to modify attributes directly in the local smbpasswd file. | 
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| 377 | </para></listitem> | 
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| 378 | </varlistentry> | 
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| 379 | </variablelist> | 
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| 380 | </refsect1> | 
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| 381 |  | 
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| 382 |  | 
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| 383 | <refsect1> | 
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| 384 | <title>NOTES</title> | 
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| 385 |  | 
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| 386 | <para>Since <command>smbpasswd</command> works in client-server | 
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| 387 | mode communicating  with a local smbd for a non-root user then | 
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| 388 | the smbd daemon must be running for this to work. A common problem | 
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| 389 | is to add a restriction to the hosts that may access the <command> | 
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| 390 | smbd</command> running on the local machine by specifying either <parameter>allow | 
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| 391 | hosts</parameter> or <parameter>deny hosts</parameter> entry in | 
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| 392 | the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle> | 
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| 393 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file and neglecting to | 
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| 394 | allow "localhost" access to the smbd. </para> | 
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| 395 |  | 
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| 396 | <para>In addition, the smbpasswd command is only useful if Samba | 
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| 397 | has been set up to use encrypted passwords. </para> | 
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| 398 | </refsect1> | 
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| 399 |  | 
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| 400 |  | 
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| 401 | <refsect1> | 
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| 402 | <title>VERSION</title> | 
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| 403 |  | 
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| 404 | <para>This man page is correct for version 3 of the Samba suite.</para> | 
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| 405 | </refsect1> | 
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| 406 |  | 
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| 407 | <refsect1> | 
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| 408 | <title>SEE ALSO</title> | 
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| 409 | <para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>smbpasswd</refentrytitle> | 
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| 410 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>Samba</refentrytitle> | 
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| 411 | <manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> | 
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| 412 | </refsect1> | 
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| 413 |  | 
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| 414 | <refsect1> | 
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| 415 | <title>AUTHOR</title> | 
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| 416 |  | 
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| 417 | <para>The original Samba software and related utilities | 
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| 418 | were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed | 
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| 419 | by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar | 
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| 420 | to the way the Linux kernel is developed.</para> | 
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| 421 |  | 
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| 422 | <para>The original Samba man pages were written by Karl Auer. | 
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| 423 | The man page sources were converted to YODL format (another | 
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| 424 | excellent piece of Open Source software, available at <ulink url="ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/"> | 
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| 425 | ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/</ulink>) and updated for the Samba 2.0 | 
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| 426 | release by Jeremy Allison.  The conversion to DocBook for | 
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| 427 | Samba 2.2 was done by Gerald Carter. The conversion to DocBook XML 4.2 | 
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| 428 | for Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy.</para> | 
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| 429 | </refsect1> | 
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| 430 |  | 
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| 431 | </refentry> | 
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