| 1 | # Module 'ntpath' -- common operations on WinNT/Win95 pathnames
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| 2 | """Common pathname manipulations, WindowsNT/95 version.
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| 3 |
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| 4 | Instead of importing this module directly, import os and refer to this
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| 5 | module as os.path.
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| 6 | """
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| 7 |
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| 8 | import os
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| 9 | import sys
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| 10 | import stat
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| 11 | import genericpath
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| 12 | import warnings
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| 13 |
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| 14 | from genericpath import *
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| 15 |
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| 16 | __all__ = ["normcase","isabs","join","splitdrive","split","splitext",
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| 17 | "basename","dirname","commonprefix","getsize","getmtime",
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| 18 | "getatime","getctime", "islink","exists","lexists","isdir","isfile",
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| 19 | "ismount","walk","expanduser","expandvars","normpath","abspath",
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| 20 | "splitunc","curdir","pardir","sep","pathsep","defpath","altsep",
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| 21 | "extsep","devnull","realpath","supports_unicode_filenames","relpath"]
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| 22 |
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| 23 | # strings representing various path-related bits and pieces
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| 24 | curdir = '.'
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| 25 | pardir = '..'
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| 26 | extsep = '.'
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| 27 | sep = '\\'
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| 28 | pathsep = ';'
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| 29 | altsep = '/'
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| 30 | defpath = '.;C:\\bin'
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| 31 | if 'ce' in sys.builtin_module_names:
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| 32 | defpath = '\\Windows'
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| 33 | elif 'os2' in sys.builtin_module_names:
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| 34 | # OS/2 w/ VACPP
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| 35 | altsep = '/'
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| 36 | devnull = 'nul'
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| 37 |
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| 38 | # Normalize the case of a pathname and map slashes to backslashes.
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| 39 | # Other normalizations (such as optimizing '../' away) are not done
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| 40 | # (this is done by normpath).
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| 41 |
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| 42 | def normcase(s):
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| 43 | """Normalize case of pathname.
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| 44 |
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| 45 | Makes all characters lowercase and all slashes into backslashes."""
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| 46 | return s.replace("/", "\\").lower()
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| 47 |
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| 48 |
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| 49 | # Return whether a path is absolute.
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| 50 | # Trivial in Posix, harder on the Mac or MS-DOS.
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| 51 | # For DOS it is absolute if it starts with a slash or backslash (current
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| 52 | # volume), or if a pathname after the volume letter and colon / UNC resource
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| 53 | # starts with a slash or backslash.
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| 54 |
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| 55 | def isabs(s):
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| 56 | """Test whether a path is absolute"""
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| 57 | s = splitdrive(s)[1]
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| 58 | return s != '' and s[:1] in '/\\'
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| 59 |
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| 60 |
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| 61 | # Join two (or more) paths.
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| 62 |
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| 63 | def join(a, *p):
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| 64 | """Join two or more pathname components, inserting "\\" as needed.
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| 65 | If any component is an absolute path, all previous path components
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| 66 | will be discarded."""
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| 67 | path = a
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| 68 | for b in p:
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| 69 | b_wins = 0 # set to 1 iff b makes path irrelevant
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| 70 | if path == "":
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| 71 | b_wins = 1
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| 72 |
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| 73 | elif isabs(b):
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| 74 | # This probably wipes out path so far. However, it's more
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| 75 | # complicated if path begins with a drive letter:
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| 76 | # 1. join('c:', '/a') == 'c:/a'
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| 77 | # 2. join('c:/', '/a') == 'c:/a'
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| 78 | # But
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| 79 | # 3. join('c:/a', '/b') == '/b'
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| 80 | # 4. join('c:', 'd:/') = 'd:/'
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| 81 | # 5. join('c:/', 'd:/') = 'd:/'
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| 82 | if path[1:2] != ":" or b[1:2] == ":":
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| 83 | # Path doesn't start with a drive letter, or cases 4 and 5.
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| 84 | b_wins = 1
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| 85 |
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| 86 | # Else path has a drive letter, and b doesn't but is absolute.
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| 87 | elif len(path) > 3 or (len(path) == 3 and
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| 88 | path[-1] not in "/\\"):
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| 89 | # case 3
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| 90 | b_wins = 1
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| 91 |
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| 92 | if b_wins:
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| 93 | path = b
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| 94 | else:
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| 95 | # Join, and ensure there's a separator.
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| 96 | assert len(path) > 0
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| 97 | if path[-1] in "/\\":
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| 98 | if b and b[0] in "/\\":
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| 99 | path += b[1:]
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| 100 | else:
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| 101 | path += b
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| 102 | elif path[-1] == ":":
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| 103 | path += b
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| 104 | elif b:
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| 105 | if b[0] in "/\\":
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| 106 | path += b
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| 107 | else:
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| 108 | path += "\\" + b
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| 109 | else:
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| 110 | # path is not empty and does not end with a backslash,
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| 111 | # but b is empty; since, e.g., split('a/') produces
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| 112 | # ('a', ''), it's best if join() adds a backslash in
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| 113 | # this case.
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| 114 | path += '\\'
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| 115 |
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| 116 | return path
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| 117 |
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| 118 |
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| 119 | # Split a path in a drive specification (a drive letter followed by a
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| 120 | # colon) and the path specification.
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| 121 | # It is always true that drivespec + pathspec == p
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| 122 | def splitdrive(p):
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| 123 | """Split a pathname into drive and path specifiers. Returns a 2-tuple
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| 124 | "(drive,path)"; either part may be empty"""
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| 125 | if p[1:2] == ':':
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| 126 | return p[0:2], p[2:]
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| 127 | return '', p
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| 128 |
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| 129 |
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| 130 | # Parse UNC paths
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| 131 | def splitunc(p):
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| 132 | """Split a pathname into UNC mount point and relative path specifiers.
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| 133 |
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| 134 | Return a 2-tuple (unc, rest); either part may be empty.
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| 135 | If unc is not empty, it has the form '//host/mount' (or similar
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| 136 | using backslashes). unc+rest is always the input path.
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| 137 | Paths containing drive letters never have an UNC part.
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| 138 | """
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| 139 | if p[1:2] == ':':
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| 140 | return '', p # Drive letter present
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| 141 | firstTwo = p[0:2]
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| 142 | if firstTwo == '//' or firstTwo == '\\\\':
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| 143 | # is a UNC path:
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| 144 | # vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv equivalent to drive letter
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| 145 | # \\machine\mountpoint\directories...
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| 146 | # directory ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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| 147 | normp = normcase(p)
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| 148 | index = normp.find('\\', 2)
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| 149 | if index == -1:
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| 150 | ##raise RuntimeError, 'illegal UNC path: "' + p + '"'
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| 151 | return ("", p)
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| 152 | index = normp.find('\\', index + 1)
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| 153 | if index == -1:
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| 154 | index = len(p)
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| 155 | return p[:index], p[index:]
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| 156 | return '', p
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| 157 |
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| 158 |
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| 159 | # Split a path in head (everything up to the last '/') and tail (the
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| 160 | # rest). After the trailing '/' is stripped, the invariant
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| 161 | # join(head, tail) == p holds.
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| 162 | # The resulting head won't end in '/' unless it is the root.
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| 163 |
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| 164 | def split(p):
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| 165 | """Split a pathname.
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| 166 |
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| 167 | Return tuple (head, tail) where tail is everything after the final slash.
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| 168 | Either part may be empty."""
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| 169 |
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| 170 | d, p = splitdrive(p)
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| 171 | # set i to index beyond p's last slash
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| 172 | i = len(p)
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| 173 | while i and p[i-1] not in '/\\':
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| 174 | i = i - 1
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| 175 | head, tail = p[:i], p[i:] # now tail has no slashes
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| 176 | # remove trailing slashes from head, unless it's all slashes
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| 177 | head2 = head
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| 178 | while head2 and head2[-1] in '/\\':
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| 179 | head2 = head2[:-1]
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| 180 | head = head2 or head
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| 181 | return d + head, tail
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| 182 |
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| 183 |
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| 184 | # Split a path in root and extension.
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| 185 | # The extension is everything starting at the last dot in the last
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| 186 | # pathname component; the root is everything before that.
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| 187 | # It is always true that root + ext == p.
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| 188 |
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| 189 | def splitext(p):
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| 190 | return genericpath._splitext(p, sep, altsep, extsep)
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| 191 | splitext.__doc__ = genericpath._splitext.__doc__
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| 192 |
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| 193 |
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| 194 | # Return the tail (basename) part of a path.
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| 195 |
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| 196 | def basename(p):
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| 197 | """Returns the final component of a pathname"""
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| 198 | return split(p)[1]
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| 199 |
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| 200 |
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| 201 | # Return the head (dirname) part of a path.
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| 202 |
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| 203 | def dirname(p):
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| 204 | """Returns the directory component of a pathname"""
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| 205 | return split(p)[0]
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| 206 |
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| 207 | # Is a path a symbolic link?
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| 208 | # This will always return false on systems where posix.lstat doesn't exist.
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| 209 |
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| 210 | def islink(path):
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| 211 | """Test for symbolic link.
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| 212 | On WindowsNT/95 and OS/2 always returns false
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| 213 | """
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| 214 | return False
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| 215 |
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| 216 | # alias exists to lexists
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| 217 | lexists = exists
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| 218 |
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| 219 | # Is a path a mount point? Either a root (with or without drive letter)
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| 220 | # or an UNC path with at most a / or \ after the mount point.
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| 221 |
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| 222 | def ismount(path):
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| 223 | """Test whether a path is a mount point (defined as root of drive)"""
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| 224 | unc, rest = splitunc(path)
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| 225 | if unc:
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| 226 | return rest in ("", "/", "\\")
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| 227 | p = splitdrive(path)[1]
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| 228 | return len(p) == 1 and p[0] in '/\\'
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| 229 |
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| 230 |
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| 231 | # Directory tree walk.
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| 232 | # For each directory under top (including top itself, but excluding
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| 233 | # '.' and '..'), func(arg, dirname, filenames) is called, where
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| 234 | # dirname is the name of the directory and filenames is the list
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| 235 | # of files (and subdirectories etc.) in the directory.
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| 236 | # The func may modify the filenames list, to implement a filter,
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| 237 | # or to impose a different order of visiting.
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| 238 |
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| 239 | def walk(top, func, arg):
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| 240 | """Directory tree walk with callback function.
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| 241 |
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| 242 | For each directory in the directory tree rooted at top (including top
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| 243 | itself, but excluding '.' and '..'), call func(arg, dirname, fnames).
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| 244 | dirname is the name of the directory, and fnames a list of the names of
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| 245 | the files and subdirectories in dirname (excluding '.' and '..'). func
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| 246 | may modify the fnames list in-place (e.g. via del or slice assignment),
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| 247 | and walk will only recurse into the subdirectories whose names remain in
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| 248 | fnames; this can be used to implement a filter, or to impose a specific
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| 249 | order of visiting. No semantics are defined for, or required of, arg,
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| 250 | beyond that arg is always passed to func. It can be used, e.g., to pass
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| 251 | a filename pattern, or a mutable object designed to accumulate
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| 252 | statistics. Passing None for arg is common."""
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| 253 | warnings.warnpy3k("In 3.x, os.path.walk is removed in favor of os.walk.",
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| 254 | stacklevel=2)
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| 255 | try:
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| 256 | names = os.listdir(top)
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| 257 | except os.error:
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| 258 | return
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| 259 | func(arg, top, names)
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| 260 | for name in names:
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| 261 | name = join(top, name)
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| 262 | if isdir(name):
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| 263 | walk(name, func, arg)
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| 264 |
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| 265 |
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| 266 | # Expand paths beginning with '~' or '~user'.
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| 267 | # '~' means $HOME; '~user' means that user's home directory.
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| 268 | # If the path doesn't begin with '~', or if the user or $HOME is unknown,
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| 269 | # the path is returned unchanged (leaving error reporting to whatever
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| 270 | # function is called with the expanded path as argument).
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| 271 | # See also module 'glob' for expansion of *, ? and [...] in pathnames.
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| 272 | # (A function should also be defined to do full *sh-style environment
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| 273 | # variable expansion.)
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| 274 |
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| 275 | def expanduser(path):
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| 276 | """Expand ~ and ~user constructs.
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| 277 |
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| 278 | If user or $HOME is unknown, do nothing."""
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| 279 | if path[:1] != '~':
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| 280 | return path
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| 281 | i, n = 1, len(path)
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| 282 | while i < n and path[i] not in '/\\':
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| 283 | i = i + 1
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| 284 |
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| 285 | if 'HOME' in os.environ:
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| 286 | userhome = os.environ['HOME']
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| 287 | elif 'USERPROFILE' in os.environ:
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| 288 | userhome = os.environ['USERPROFILE']
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| 289 | elif not 'HOMEPATH' in os.environ:
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| 290 | return path
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| 291 | else:
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| 292 | try:
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| 293 | drive = os.environ['HOMEDRIVE']
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| 294 | except KeyError:
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| 295 | drive = ''
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| 296 | userhome = join(drive, os.environ['HOMEPATH'])
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| 297 |
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| 298 | if i != 1: #~user
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| 299 | userhome = join(dirname(userhome), path[1:i])
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| 300 |
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| 301 | return userhome + path[i:]
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| 302 |
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| 303 |
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| 304 | # Expand paths containing shell variable substitutions.
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| 305 | # The following rules apply:
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| 306 | # - no expansion within single quotes
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| 307 | # - '$$' is translated into '$'
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| 308 | # - '%%' is translated into '%' if '%%' are not seen in %var1%%var2%
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| 309 | # - ${varname} is accepted.
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| 310 | # - $varname is accepted.
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| 311 | # - %varname% is accepted.
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| 312 | # - varnames can be made out of letters, digits and the characters '_-'
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| 313 | # (though is not verifed in the ${varname} and %varname% cases)
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| 314 | # XXX With COMMAND.COM you can use any characters in a variable name,
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| 315 | # XXX except '^|<>='.
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| 316 |
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| 317 | def expandvars(path):
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| 318 | """Expand shell variables of the forms $var, ${var} and %var%.
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| 319 |
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| 320 | Unknown variables are left unchanged."""
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| 321 | if '$' not in path and '%' not in path:
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| 322 | return path
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| 323 | import string
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| 324 | varchars = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + '_-'
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| 325 | res = ''
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| 326 | index = 0
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| 327 | pathlen = len(path)
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| 328 | while index < pathlen:
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| 329 | c = path[index]
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| 330 | if c == '\'': # no expansion within single quotes
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| 331 | path = path[index + 1:]
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| 332 | pathlen = len(path)
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| 333 | try:
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| 334 | index = path.index('\'')
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| 335 | res = res + '\'' + path[:index + 1]
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| 336 | except ValueError:
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| 337 | res = res + path
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| 338 | index = pathlen - 1
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| 339 | elif c == '%': # variable or '%'
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| 340 | if path[index + 1:index + 2] == '%':
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| 341 | res = res + c
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| 342 | index = index + 1
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| 343 | else:
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| 344 | path = path[index+1:]
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| 345 | pathlen = len(path)
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| 346 | try:
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| 347 | index = path.index('%')
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| 348 | except ValueError:
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| 349 | res = res + '%' + path
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| 350 | index = pathlen - 1
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| 351 | else:
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| 352 | var = path[:index]
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| 353 | if var in os.environ:
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| 354 | res = res + os.environ[var]
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| 355 | else:
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| 356 | res = res + '%' + var + '%'
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| 357 | elif c == '$': # variable or '$$'
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| 358 | if path[index + 1:index + 2] == '$':
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| 359 | res = res + c
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| 360 | index = index + 1
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| 361 | elif path[index + 1:index + 2] == '{':
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| 362 | path = path[index+2:]
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| 363 | pathlen = len(path)
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| 364 | try:
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| 365 | index = path.index('}')
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| 366 | var = path[:index]
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| 367 | if var in os.environ:
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| 368 | res = res + os.environ[var]
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| 369 | else:
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| 370 | res = res + '${' + var + '}'
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| 371 | except ValueError:
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| 372 | res = res + '${' + path
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| 373 | index = pathlen - 1
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| 374 | else:
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| 375 | var = ''
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| 376 | index = index + 1
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| 377 | c = path[index:index + 1]
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| 378 | while c != '' and c in varchars:
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| 379 | var = var + c
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| 380 | index = index + 1
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| 381 | c = path[index:index + 1]
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| 382 | if var in os.environ:
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| 383 | res = res + os.environ[var]
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| 384 | else:
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| 385 | res = res + '$' + var
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| 386 | if c != '':
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| 387 | index = index - 1
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| 388 | else:
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| 389 | res = res + c
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| 390 | index = index + 1
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| 391 | return res
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| 392 |
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| 393 |
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| 394 | # Normalize a path, e.g. A//B, A/./B and A/foo/../B all become A\B.
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| 395 | # Previously, this function also truncated pathnames to 8+3 format,
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| 396 | # but as this module is called "ntpath", that's obviously wrong!
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| 397 |
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| 398 | def normpath(path):
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| 399 | """Normalize path, eliminating double slashes, etc."""
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| 400 | # Preserve unicode (if path is unicode)
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| 401 | backslash, dot = (u'\\', u'.') if isinstance(path, unicode) else ('\\', '.')
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| 402 | path = path.replace("/", "\\")
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| 403 | prefix, path = splitdrive(path)
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| 404 | # We need to be careful here. If the prefix is empty, and the path starts
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| 405 | # with a backslash, it could either be an absolute path on the current
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| 406 | # drive (\dir1\dir2\file) or a UNC filename (\\server\mount\dir1\file). It
|
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| 407 | # is therefore imperative NOT to collapse multiple backslashes blindly in
|
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| 408 | # that case.
|
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| 409 | # The code below preserves multiple backslashes when there is no drive
|
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| 410 | # letter. This means that the invalid filename \\\a\b is preserved
|
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| 411 | # unchanged, where a\\\b is normalised to a\b. It's not clear that there
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| 412 | # is any better behaviour for such edge cases.
|
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| 413 | if prefix == '':
|
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| 414 | # No drive letter - preserve initial backslashes
|
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| 415 | while path[:1] == "\\":
|
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| 416 | prefix = prefix + backslash
|
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| 417 | path = path[1:]
|
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| 418 | else:
|
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| 419 | # We have a drive letter - collapse initial backslashes
|
|---|
| 420 | if path.startswith("\\"):
|
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| 421 | prefix = prefix + backslash
|
|---|
| 422 | path = path.lstrip("\\")
|
|---|
| 423 | comps = path.split("\\")
|
|---|
| 424 | i = 0
|
|---|
| 425 | while i < len(comps):
|
|---|
| 426 | if comps[i] in ('.', ''):
|
|---|
| 427 | del comps[i]
|
|---|
| 428 | elif comps[i] == '..':
|
|---|
| 429 | if i > 0 and comps[i-1] != '..':
|
|---|
| 430 | del comps[i-1:i+1]
|
|---|
| 431 | i -= 1
|
|---|
| 432 | elif i == 0 and prefix.endswith("\\"):
|
|---|
| 433 | del comps[i]
|
|---|
| 434 | else:
|
|---|
| 435 | i += 1
|
|---|
| 436 | else:
|
|---|
| 437 | i += 1
|
|---|
| 438 | # If the path is now empty, substitute '.'
|
|---|
| 439 | if not prefix and not comps:
|
|---|
| 440 | comps.append(dot)
|
|---|
| 441 | return prefix + backslash.join(comps)
|
|---|
| 442 |
|
|---|
| 443 |
|
|---|
| 444 | # Return an absolute path.
|
|---|
| 445 | try:
|
|---|
| 446 | from nt import _getfullpathname
|
|---|
| 447 |
|
|---|
| 448 | except ImportError: # not running on Windows - mock up something sensible
|
|---|
| 449 | def abspath(path):
|
|---|
| 450 | """Return the absolute version of a path."""
|
|---|
| 451 | if not isabs(path):
|
|---|
| 452 | if isinstance(path, unicode):
|
|---|
| 453 | cwd = os.getcwdu()
|
|---|
| 454 | else:
|
|---|
| 455 | cwd = os.getcwd()
|
|---|
| 456 | path = join(cwd, path)
|
|---|
| 457 | return normpath(path)
|
|---|
| 458 |
|
|---|
| 459 | else: # use native Windows method on Windows
|
|---|
| 460 | def abspath(path):
|
|---|
| 461 | """Return the absolute version of a path."""
|
|---|
| 462 |
|
|---|
| 463 | if path: # Empty path must return current working directory.
|
|---|
| 464 | try:
|
|---|
| 465 | path = _getfullpathname(path)
|
|---|
| 466 | except WindowsError:
|
|---|
| 467 | pass # Bad path - return unchanged.
|
|---|
| 468 | elif isinstance(path, unicode):
|
|---|
| 469 | path = os.getcwdu()
|
|---|
| 470 | else:
|
|---|
| 471 | path = os.getcwd()
|
|---|
| 472 | return normpath(path)
|
|---|
| 473 |
|
|---|
| 474 | # realpath is a no-op on systems without islink support
|
|---|
| 475 | realpath = abspath
|
|---|
| 476 | # Win9x family and earlier have no Unicode filename support.
|
|---|
| 477 | supports_unicode_filenames = (hasattr(sys, "getwindowsversion") and
|
|---|
| 478 | sys.getwindowsversion()[3] >= 2)
|
|---|
| 479 |
|
|---|
| 480 | def relpath(path, start=curdir):
|
|---|
| 481 | """Return a relative version of a path"""
|
|---|
| 482 |
|
|---|
| 483 | if not path:
|
|---|
| 484 | raise ValueError("no path specified")
|
|---|
| 485 | start_list = abspath(start).split(sep)
|
|---|
| 486 | path_list = abspath(path).split(sep)
|
|---|
| 487 | if start_list[0].lower() != path_list[0].lower():
|
|---|
| 488 | unc_path, rest = splitunc(path)
|
|---|
| 489 | unc_start, rest = splitunc(start)
|
|---|
| 490 | if bool(unc_path) ^ bool(unc_start):
|
|---|
| 491 | raise ValueError("Cannot mix UNC and non-UNC paths (%s and %s)"
|
|---|
| 492 | % (path, start))
|
|---|
| 493 | else:
|
|---|
| 494 | raise ValueError("path is on drive %s, start on drive %s"
|
|---|
| 495 | % (path_list[0], start_list[0]))
|
|---|
| 496 | # Work out how much of the filepath is shared by start and path.
|
|---|
| 497 | for i in range(min(len(start_list), len(path_list))):
|
|---|
| 498 | if start_list[i].lower() != path_list[i].lower():
|
|---|
| 499 | break
|
|---|
| 500 | else:
|
|---|
| 501 | i += 1
|
|---|
| 502 |
|
|---|
| 503 | rel_list = [pardir] * (len(start_list)-i) + path_list[i:]
|
|---|
| 504 | if not rel_list:
|
|---|
| 505 | return curdir
|
|---|
| 506 | return join(*rel_list)
|
|---|
