| [2] | 1 | ________________________________________________________________________
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| 2 |
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| 3 | PYBENCH - A Python Benchmark Suite
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| 4 | ________________________________________________________________________
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| 5 |
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| [391] | 6 | Extendable suite of low-level benchmarks for measuring
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| [2] | 7 | the performance of the Python implementation
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| 8 | (interpreter, compiler or VM).
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| 9 |
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| 10 | pybench is a collection of tests that provides a standardized way to
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| 11 | measure the performance of Python implementations. It takes a very
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| 12 | close look at different aspects of Python programs and let's you
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| 13 | decide which factors are more important to you than others, rather
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| 14 | than wrapping everything up in one number, like the other performance
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| 15 | tests do (e.g. pystone which is included in the Python Standard
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| 16 | Library).
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| 17 |
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| 18 | pybench has been used in the past by several Python developers to
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| 19 | track down performance bottlenecks or to demonstrate the impact of
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| 20 | optimizations and new features in Python.
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| 21 |
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| 22 | The command line interface for pybench is the file pybench.py. Run
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| 23 | this script with option '--help' to get a listing of the possible
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| 24 | options. Without options, pybench will simply execute the benchmark
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| 25 | and then print out a report to stdout.
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| 26 |
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| 27 |
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| 28 | Micro-Manual
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| 29 | ------------
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| 30 |
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| 31 | Run 'pybench.py -h' to see the help screen. Run 'pybench.py' to run
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| 32 | the benchmark suite using default settings and 'pybench.py -f <file>'
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| 33 | to have it store the results in a file too.
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| 34 |
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| 35 | It is usually a good idea to run pybench.py multiple times to see
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| 36 | whether the environment, timers and benchmark run-times are suitable
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| 37 | for doing benchmark tests.
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| 38 |
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| 39 | You can use the comparison feature of pybench.py ('pybench.py -c
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| 40 | <file>') to check how well the system behaves in comparison to a
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| 41 | reference run.
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| 42 |
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| 43 | If the differences are well below 10% for each test, then you have a
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| 44 | system that is good for doing benchmark testings. Of you get random
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| 45 | differences of more than 10% or significant differences between the
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| 46 | values for minimum and average time, then you likely have some
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| 47 | background processes running which cause the readings to become
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| 48 | inconsistent. Examples include: web-browsers, email clients, RSS
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| 49 | readers, music players, backup programs, etc.
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| 50 |
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| 51 | If you are only interested in a few tests of the whole suite, you can
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| 52 | use the filtering option, e.g. 'pybench.py -t string' will only
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| 53 | run/show the tests that have 'string' in their name.
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| 54 |
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| 55 | This is the current output of pybench.py --help:
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| 56 |
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| 57 | """
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| 58 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 59 | PYBENCH - a benchmark test suite for Python interpreters/compilers.
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| 60 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 61 |
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| 62 | Synopsis:
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| 63 | pybench.py [option] files...
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| 64 |
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| 65 | Options and default settings:
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| 66 | -n arg number of rounds (10)
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| 67 | -f arg save benchmark to file arg ()
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| 68 | -c arg compare benchmark with the one in file arg ()
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| 69 | -s arg show benchmark in file arg, then exit ()
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| 70 | -w arg set warp factor to arg (10)
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| 71 | -t arg run only tests with names matching arg ()
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| 72 | -C arg set the number of calibration runs to arg (20)
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| 73 | -d hide noise in comparisons (0)
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| 74 | -v verbose output (not recommended) (0)
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| 75 | --with-gc enable garbage collection (0)
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| 76 | --with-syscheck use default sys check interval (0)
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| 77 | --timer arg use given timer (time.time)
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| 78 | -h show this help text
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| 79 | --help show this help text
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| 80 | --debug enable debugging
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| 81 | --copyright show copyright
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| 82 | --examples show examples of usage
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| 83 |
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| 84 | Version:
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| 85 | 2.0
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| 86 |
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| 87 | The normal operation is to run the suite and display the
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| 88 | results. Use -f to save them for later reuse or comparisons.
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| 89 |
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| 90 | Available timers:
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| 91 |
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| 92 | time.time
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| 93 | time.clock
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| 94 | systimes.processtime
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| 95 |
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| 96 | Examples:
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| 97 |
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| 98 | python2.1 pybench.py -f p21.pybench
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| 99 | python2.5 pybench.py -f p25.pybench
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| 100 | python pybench.py -s p25.pybench -c p21.pybench
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| 101 | """
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| 102 |
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| 103 | License
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| 104 | -------
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| 105 |
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| 106 | See LICENSE file.
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| 107 |
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| 108 |
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| 109 | Sample output
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| 110 | -------------
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| 111 |
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| 112 | """
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| 113 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 114 | PYBENCH 2.0
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| 115 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 116 | * using Python 2.4.2
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| 117 | * disabled garbage collection
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| 118 | * system check interval set to maximum: 2147483647
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| 119 | * using timer: time.time
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| 120 |
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| 121 | Calibrating tests. Please wait...
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| 122 |
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| 123 | Running 10 round(s) of the suite at warp factor 10:
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| 124 |
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| 125 | * Round 1 done in 6.388 seconds.
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| 126 | * Round 2 done in 6.485 seconds.
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| 127 | * Round 3 done in 6.786 seconds.
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| 128 | ...
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| 129 | * Round 10 done in 6.546 seconds.
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| 130 |
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| 131 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 132 | Benchmark: 2006-06-12 12:09:25
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| 133 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 134 |
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| 135 | Rounds: 10
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| 136 | Warp: 10
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| 137 | Timer: time.time
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| 138 |
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| 139 | Machine Details:
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| 140 | Platform ID: Linux-2.6.8-24.19-default-x86_64-with-SuSE-9.2-x86-64
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| 141 | Processor: x86_64
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| 142 |
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| 143 | Python:
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| 144 | Executable: /usr/local/bin/python
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| 145 | Version: 2.4.2
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| 146 | Compiler: GCC 3.3.4 (pre 3.3.5 20040809)
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| 147 | Bits: 64bit
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| 148 | Build: Oct 1 2005 15:24:35 (#1)
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| 149 | Unicode: UCS2
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| 150 |
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| 151 |
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| 152 | Test minimum average operation overhead
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| 153 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 154 | BuiltinFunctionCalls: 126ms 145ms 0.28us 0.274ms
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| 155 | BuiltinMethodLookup: 124ms 130ms 0.12us 0.316ms
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| 156 | CompareFloats: 109ms 110ms 0.09us 0.361ms
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| 157 | CompareFloatsIntegers: 100ms 104ms 0.12us 0.271ms
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| 158 | CompareIntegers: 137ms 138ms 0.08us 0.542ms
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| 159 | CompareInternedStrings: 124ms 127ms 0.08us 1.367ms
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| 160 | CompareLongs: 100ms 104ms 0.10us 0.316ms
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| 161 | CompareStrings: 111ms 115ms 0.12us 0.929ms
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| 162 | CompareUnicode: 108ms 128ms 0.17us 0.693ms
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| 163 | ConcatStrings: 142ms 155ms 0.31us 0.562ms
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| 164 | ConcatUnicode: 119ms 127ms 0.42us 0.384ms
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| 165 | CreateInstances: 123ms 128ms 1.14us 0.367ms
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| 166 | CreateNewInstances: 121ms 126ms 1.49us 0.335ms
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| 167 | CreateStringsWithConcat: 130ms 135ms 0.14us 0.916ms
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| 168 | CreateUnicodeWithConcat: 130ms 135ms 0.34us 0.361ms
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| 169 | DictCreation: 108ms 109ms 0.27us 0.361ms
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| 170 | DictWithFloatKeys: 149ms 153ms 0.17us 0.678ms
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| 171 | DictWithIntegerKeys: 124ms 126ms 0.11us 0.915ms
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| 172 | DictWithStringKeys: 114ms 117ms 0.10us 0.905ms
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| 173 | ForLoops: 110ms 111ms 4.46us 0.063ms
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| 174 | IfThenElse: 118ms 119ms 0.09us 0.685ms
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| 175 | ListSlicing: 116ms 120ms 8.59us 0.103ms
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| 176 | NestedForLoops: 125ms 137ms 0.09us 0.019ms
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| 177 | NormalClassAttribute: 124ms 136ms 0.11us 0.457ms
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| 178 | NormalInstanceAttribute: 110ms 117ms 0.10us 0.454ms
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| 179 | PythonFunctionCalls: 107ms 113ms 0.34us 0.271ms
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| 180 | PythonMethodCalls: 140ms 149ms 0.66us 0.141ms
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| 181 | Recursion: 156ms 166ms 3.32us 0.452ms
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| 182 | SecondImport: 112ms 118ms 1.18us 0.180ms
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| 183 | SecondPackageImport: 118ms 127ms 1.27us 0.180ms
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| 184 | SecondSubmoduleImport: 140ms 151ms 1.51us 0.180ms
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| 185 | SimpleComplexArithmetic: 128ms 139ms 0.16us 0.361ms
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| 186 | SimpleDictManipulation: 134ms 136ms 0.11us 0.452ms
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| 187 | SimpleFloatArithmetic: 110ms 113ms 0.09us 0.571ms
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| 188 | SimpleIntFloatArithmetic: 106ms 111ms 0.08us 0.548ms
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| 189 | SimpleIntegerArithmetic: 106ms 109ms 0.08us 0.544ms
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| 190 | SimpleListManipulation: 103ms 113ms 0.10us 0.587ms
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| 191 | SimpleLongArithmetic: 112ms 118ms 0.18us 0.271ms
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| 192 | SmallLists: 105ms 116ms 0.17us 0.366ms
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| 193 | SmallTuples: 108ms 128ms 0.24us 0.406ms
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| 194 | SpecialClassAttribute: 119ms 136ms 0.11us 0.453ms
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| 195 | SpecialInstanceAttribute: 143ms 155ms 0.13us 0.454ms
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| 196 | StringMappings: 115ms 121ms 0.48us 0.405ms
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| 197 | StringPredicates: 120ms 129ms 0.18us 2.064ms
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| 198 | StringSlicing: 111ms 127ms 0.23us 0.781ms
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| 199 | TryExcept: 125ms 126ms 0.06us 0.681ms
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| 200 | TryRaiseExcept: 133ms 137ms 2.14us 0.361ms
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| 201 | TupleSlicing: 117ms 120ms 0.46us 0.066ms
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| 202 | UnicodeMappings: 156ms 160ms 4.44us 0.429ms
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| 203 | UnicodePredicates: 117ms 121ms 0.22us 2.487ms
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| 204 | UnicodeProperties: 115ms 153ms 0.38us 2.070ms
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| 205 | UnicodeSlicing: 126ms 129ms 0.26us 0.689ms
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| 206 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 207 | Totals: 6283ms 6673ms
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| 208 | """
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| 209 | ________________________________________________________________________
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| 210 |
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| 211 | Writing New Tests
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| 212 | ________________________________________________________________________
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| 213 |
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| 214 | pybench tests are simple modules defining one or more pybench.Test
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| 215 | subclasses.
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| 216 |
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| 217 | Writing a test essentially boils down to providing two methods:
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| 218 | .test() which runs .rounds number of .operations test operations each
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| 219 | and .calibrate() which does the same except that it doesn't actually
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| 220 | execute the operations.
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| 221 |
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| 222 |
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| 223 | Here's an example:
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| 224 | ------------------
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| 225 |
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| 226 | from pybench import Test
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| 227 |
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| 228 | class IntegerCounting(Test):
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| 229 |
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| 230 | # Version number of the test as float (x.yy); this is important
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| 231 | # for comparisons of benchmark runs - tests with unequal version
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| 232 | # number will not get compared.
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| 233 | version = 1.0
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| 234 |
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| 235 | # The number of abstract operations done in each round of the
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| 236 | # test. An operation is the basic unit of what you want to
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| 237 | # measure. The benchmark will output the amount of run-time per
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| 238 | # operation. Note that in order to raise the measured timings
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| 239 | # significantly above noise level, it is often required to repeat
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| 240 | # sets of operations more than once per test round. The measured
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| 241 | # overhead per test round should be less than 1 second.
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| 242 | operations = 20
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| 243 |
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| 244 | # Number of rounds to execute per test run. This should be
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| 245 | # adjusted to a figure that results in a test run-time of between
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| 246 | # 1-2 seconds (at warp 1).
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| 247 | rounds = 100000
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| 248 |
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| 249 | def test(self):
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| 250 |
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| 251 | """ Run the test.
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| 252 |
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| 253 | The test needs to run self.rounds executing
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| 254 | self.operations number of operations each.
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| 255 |
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| 256 | """
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| 257 | # Init the test
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| 258 | a = 1
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| 259 |
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| 260 | # Run test rounds
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| 261 | #
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| 262 | # NOTE: Use xrange() for all test loops unless you want to face
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| 263 | # a 20MB process !
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| 264 | #
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| 265 | for i in xrange(self.rounds):
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| 266 |
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| 267 | # Repeat the operations per round to raise the run-time
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| 268 | # per operation significantly above the noise level of the
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| 269 | # for-loop overhead.
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| 270 |
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| 271 | # Execute 20 operations (a += 1):
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| 272 | a += 1
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| 273 | a += 1
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| 274 | a += 1
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| 275 | a += 1
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| 276 | a += 1
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| 277 | a += 1
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| 278 | a += 1
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| 279 | a += 1
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| 280 | a += 1
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| 281 | a += 1
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| 282 | a += 1
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| 283 | a += 1
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| 284 | a += 1
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| 285 | a += 1
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| 286 | a += 1
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| 287 | a += 1
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| 288 | a += 1
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| 289 | a += 1
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| 290 | a += 1
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| 291 | a += 1
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| 292 |
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| 293 | def calibrate(self):
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| 294 |
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| 295 | """ Calibrate the test.
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| 296 |
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| 297 | This method should execute everything that is needed to
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| 298 | setup and run the test - except for the actual operations
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| 299 | that you intend to measure. pybench uses this method to
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| 300 | measure the test implementation overhead.
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| 301 |
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| 302 | """
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| 303 | # Init the test
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| 304 | a = 1
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| 305 |
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| 306 | # Run test rounds (without actually doing any operation)
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| 307 | for i in xrange(self.rounds):
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| 308 |
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| 309 | # Skip the actual execution of the operations, since we
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| 310 | # only want to measure the test's administration overhead.
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| 311 | pass
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| 312 |
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| 313 | Registering a new test module
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| 314 | -----------------------------
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| 315 |
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| 316 | To register a test module with pybench, the classes need to be
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| 317 | imported into the pybench.Setup module. pybench will then scan all the
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| 318 | symbols defined in that module for subclasses of pybench.Test and
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| 319 | automatically add them to the benchmark suite.
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| 320 |
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| 321 |
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| 322 | Breaking Comparability
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| 323 | ----------------------
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| 324 |
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| 325 | If a change is made to any individual test that means it is no
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| 326 | longer strictly comparable with previous runs, the '.version' class
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| 327 | variable should be updated. Therefafter, comparisons with previous
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| 328 | versions of the test will list as "n/a" to reflect the change.
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| 329 |
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| 330 |
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| 331 | Version History
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| 332 | ---------------
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| 333 |
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| 334 | 2.0: rewrote parts of pybench which resulted in more repeatable
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| 335 | timings:
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| 336 | - made timer a parameter
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| 337 | - changed the platform default timer to use high-resolution
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| 338 | timers rather than process timers (which have a much lower
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| 339 | resolution)
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| 340 | - added option to select timer
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| 341 | - added process time timer (using systimes.py)
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| 342 | - changed to use min() as timing estimator (average
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| 343 | is still taken as well to provide an idea of the difference)
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| 344 | - garbage collection is turned off per default
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| 345 | - sys check interval is set to the highest possible value
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| 346 | - calibration is now a separate step and done using
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| 347 | a different strategy that allows measuring the test
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| 348 | overhead more accurately
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| 349 | - modified the tests to each give a run-time of between
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| 350 | 100-200ms using warp 10
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| 351 | - changed default warp factor to 10 (from 20)
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| 352 | - compared results with timeit.py and confirmed measurements
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| 353 | - bumped all test versions to 2.0
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| 354 | - updated platform.py to the latest version
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| 355 | - changed the output format a bit to make it look
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| 356 | nicer
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| 357 | - refactored the APIs somewhat
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| 358 | 1.3+: Steve Holden added the NewInstances test and the filtering
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| 359 | option during the NeedForSpeed sprint; this also triggered a long
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| 360 | discussion on how to improve benchmark timing and finally
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| 361 | resulted in the release of 2.0
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| 362 | 1.3: initial checkin into the Python SVN repository
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| 363 |
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| 364 |
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| 365 | Have fun,
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| 366 | --
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| 367 | Marc-Andre Lemburg
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| 368 | mal@lemburg.com
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