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| 5 | <head>
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| 6 | <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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| 7 | <link rev="made" href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org" />
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| 8 | <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/graphics/gnu-head-mini.png" />
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| 9 | <meta name="ICBM" content="42.256233,-71.006581" />
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| 10 | <meta name="DC.title" content="gnu.org" />
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| 11 | <title>GNU General Public License v2.0 - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
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| 12 | </head>
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| 13 |
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| 14 | <body>
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| 15 | <h3>GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</h3>
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| 16 | <p>
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| 17 | Version 2, June 1991
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| 18 | </p>
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| 19 |
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| 20 | <pre>
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| 21 | Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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| 22 | 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
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| 23 |
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| 24 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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| 25 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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| 26 | </pre>
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| 27 |
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| 28 | <h3>Preamble</h3>
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| 29 |
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| 30 | <p>
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| 31 | The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
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| 32 | freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
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| 33 | License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
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| 34 | software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
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| 35 | General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
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| 36 | Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
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| 37 | using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
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| 38 | the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
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| 39 | your programs, too.
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| 40 | </p>
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| 41 |
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| 42 | <p>
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| 43 | When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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| 44 | price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
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| 45 | have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
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| 46 | this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
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| 47 | if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
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| 48 | in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
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| 49 | </p>
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| 50 |
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| 51 | <p>
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| 52 | To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
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| 53 | anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
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| 54 | These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
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| 55 | distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
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| 56 | </p>
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| 57 |
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| 58 | <p>
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| 59 | For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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| 60 | gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
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| 61 | you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
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| 62 | source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
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| 63 | rights.
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| 64 | </p>
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| 65 |
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| 66 | <p>
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| 67 | We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
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| 68 | (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
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| 69 | distribute and/or modify the software.
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| 70 | </p>
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| 71 |
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| 72 | <p>
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| 73 | Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
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| 74 | that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
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| 75 | software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
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| 76 | want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
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| 77 | that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
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| 78 | authors' reputations.
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| 79 | </p>
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| 80 |
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| 81 | <p>
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| 82 | Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
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| 83 | patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
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| 84 | program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
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| 85 | program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
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| 86 | patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
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| 87 | </p>
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| 88 |
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| 89 | <p>
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| 90 | The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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| 91 | modification follow.
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| 92 | </p>
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| 93 |
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| 94 |
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| 95 | <h3>TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</h3>
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| 96 |
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| 97 |
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| 98 | <p>
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| 99 | <strong>0.</strong>
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| 100 | This License applies to any program or other work which contains
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| 101 | a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
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| 102 | under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
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| 103 | refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
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| 104 | means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
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| 105 | that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
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| 106 | either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
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| 107 | language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
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| 108 | the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
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| 109 | </p>
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| 110 |
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| 111 | <p>
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| 112 | Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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| 113 | covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
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| 114 | running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
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| 115 | is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
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| 116 | Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
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| 117 | Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
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| 118 | </p>
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| 119 |
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| 120 | <p>
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| 121 | <strong>1.</strong>
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| 122 | You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
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| 123 | source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
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| 124 | conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
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| 125 | copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
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| 126 | notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
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| 127 | and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
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| 128 | along with the Program.
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| 129 | </p>
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| 130 |
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| 131 | <p>
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| 132 | You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
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| 133 | you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
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| 134 | </p>
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| 135 |
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| 136 | <p>
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| 137 | <strong>2.</strong>
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| 138 | You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
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| 139 | of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
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| 140 | distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
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| 141 | above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
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| 142 | </p>
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| 143 |
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| 144 | <dl>
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| 145 | <dt></dt>
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| 146 | <dd>
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| 147 | <strong>a)</strong>
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| 148 | You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
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| 149 | stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
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| 150 | </dd>
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| 151 | <dt></dt>
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| 152 | <dd>
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| 153 | <strong>b)</strong>
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| 154 | You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
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| 155 | whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
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| 156 | part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
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| 157 | parties under the terms of this License.
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| 158 | </dd>
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| 159 | <dt></dt>
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| 160 | <dd>
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| 161 | <strong>c)</strong>
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| 162 | If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
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| 163 | when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
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| 164 | interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
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| 165 | announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
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| 166 | notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
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| 167 | a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
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| 168 | these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
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| 169 | License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
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| 170 | does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
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| 171 | the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
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| 172 | </dd>
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| 173 | </dl>
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| 174 |
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| 175 | <p>
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| 176 | These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
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| 177 | identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
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| 178 | and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
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| 179 | themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
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| 180 | sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
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| 181 | distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
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| 182 | on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
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| 183 | this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
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| 184 | entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
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| 185 | </p>
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| 186 |
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| 187 | <p>
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| 188 | Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
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| 189 | your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
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| 190 | exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
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| 191 | collective works based on the Program.
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| 192 | </p>
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| 193 |
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| 194 | <p>
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| 195 | In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
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| 196 | with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
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| 197 | a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
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| 198 | the scope of this License.
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| 199 | </p>
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| 200 |
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| 201 | <p>
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| 202 | <strong>3.</strong>
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| 203 | You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
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| 204 | under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
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| 205 | Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
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| 206 | </p>
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| 207 |
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| 208 | <!-- we use this doubled UL to get the sub-sections indented, -->
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| 209 | <!-- while making the bullets as unobvious as possible. -->
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| 210 |
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| 211 | <dl>
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| 212 | <dt></dt>
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| 213 | <dd>
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| 214 | <strong>a)</strong>
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| 215 | Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
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| 216 | source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
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| 217 | 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
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| 218 | </dd>
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| 219 | <dt></dt>
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| 220 | <dd>
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| 221 | <strong>b)</strong>
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| 222 | Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
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| 223 | years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
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| 224 | cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
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| 225 | machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
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| 226 | distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
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| 227 | customarily used for software interchange; or,
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| 228 | </dd>
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| 229 | <dt></dt>
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| 230 | <dd>
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| 231 | <strong>c)</strong>
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| 232 | Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
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| 233 | to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
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| 234 | allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
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| 235 | received the program in object code or executable form with such
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| 236 | an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
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| 237 | </dd>
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| 238 | </dl>
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| 239 |
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| 240 | <p>
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| 241 | The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
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| 242 | making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
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| 243 | code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
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| 244 | associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
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| 245 | control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
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| 246 | special exception, the source code distributed need not include
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| 247 | anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
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| 248 | form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
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| 249 | operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
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| 250 | itself accompanies the executable.
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| 251 | </p>
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| 252 |
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| 253 | <p>
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| 254 | If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
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| 255 | access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
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| 256 | access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
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| 257 | distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
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| 258 | compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
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| 259 | </p>
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| 260 |
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| 261 | <p>
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| 262 | <strong>4.</strong>
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| 263 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
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| 264 | except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
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| 265 | otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
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| 266 | void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
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| 267 | However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
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| 268 | this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
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| 269 | parties remain in full compliance.
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| 270 | </p>
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| 271 |
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| 272 | <p>
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| 273 | <strong>5.</strong>
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| 274 | You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
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| 275 | signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
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| 276 | distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
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| 277 | prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
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| 278 | modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
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| 279 | Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
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| 280 | all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
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| 281 | the Program or works based on it.
|
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| 282 | </p>
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| 283 |
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| 284 | <p>
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| 285 | <strong>6.</strong>
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| 286 | Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
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| 287 | Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
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| 288 | original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
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| 289 | these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
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| 290 | restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
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| 291 | You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
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| 292 | this License.
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| 293 | </p>
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| 294 |
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| 295 | <p>
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| 296 | <strong>7.</strong>
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| 297 | If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
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| 298 | infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
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| 299 | conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
|
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| 300 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
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| 301 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
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| 302 | distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
|
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| 303 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
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| 304 | may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
|
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| 305 | license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
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| 306 | all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
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| 307 | the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
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| 308 | refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
|
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| 309 | </p>
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| 310 |
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| 311 | <p>
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| 312 | If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
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| 313 | any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
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| 314 | apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
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| 315 | circumstances.
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| 316 | </p>
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| 317 |
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| 318 | <p>
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| 319 | It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
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| 320 | patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
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| 321 | such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
|
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| 322 | integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
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| 323 | implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
|
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| 324 | generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
|
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| 325 | through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
|
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| 326 | system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
|
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| 327 | to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
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| 328 | impose that choice.
|
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| 329 | </p>
|
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| 330 |
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| 331 | <p>
|
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| 332 | This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
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| 333 | be a consequence of the rest of this License.
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| 334 | </p>
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| 335 |
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| 336 | <p>
|
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| 337 | <strong>8.</strong>
|
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| 338 | If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
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| 339 | certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
|
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| 340 | original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
|
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| 341 | may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
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| 342 | those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
|
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| 343 | countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
|
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| 344 | the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
|
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| 345 | </p>
|
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| 346 |
|
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| 347 | <p>
|
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| 348 | <strong>9.</strong>
|
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| 349 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
|
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| 350 | of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
|
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| 351 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
|
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| 352 | address new problems or concerns.
|
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| 353 | </p>
|
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| 354 |
|
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| 355 | <p>
|
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| 356 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
|
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| 357 | specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
|
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| 358 | later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
|
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| 359 | either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
|
|---|
| 360 | Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
|
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| 361 | this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
|
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| 362 | Foundation.
|
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| 363 | </p>
|
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| 364 |
|
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| 365 | <p>
|
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| 366 | <strong>10.</strong>
|
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| 367 | If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
|
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| 368 | programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
|
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| 369 | to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
|
|---|
| 370 | Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
|
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| 371 | make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
|
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| 372 | of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
|
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| 373 | of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
|
|---|
| 374 | </p>
|
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| 375 |
|
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| 376 | <p><strong>NO WARRANTY</strong></p>
|
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| 377 |
|
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| 378 | <p>
|
|---|
| 379 | <strong>11.</strong>
|
|---|
| 380 | BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
|
|---|
| 381 | FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
|
|---|
| 382 | OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
|
|---|
| 383 | PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
|
|---|
| 384 | OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
|
|---|
| 385 | MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
|
|---|
| 386 | TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
|
|---|
| 387 | PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
|
|---|
| 388 | REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
|
|---|
| 389 | </p>
|
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| 390 |
|
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| 391 | <p>
|
|---|
| 392 | <strong>12.</strong>
|
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| 393 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
|
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| 394 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
|
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| 395 | REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
|
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| 396 | INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
|
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| 397 | OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
|
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| 398 | TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
|
|---|
| 399 | YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
|
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| 400 | PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
|
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| 401 | POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
|
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| 402 | </p>
|
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| 403 |
|
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| 404 | <h3>END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</h3>
|
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| 405 |
|
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| 406 | <h3>How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</h3>
|
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| 407 |
|
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| 408 | <p>
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| 409 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
|
|---|
| 410 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
|
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| 411 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
|
|---|
| 412 | </p>
|
|---|
| 413 |
|
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| 414 | <p>
|
|---|
| 415 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
|
|---|
| 416 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
|
|---|
| 417 | convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
|
|---|
| 418 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
|
|---|
| 419 | </p>
|
|---|
| 420 |
|
|---|
| 421 | <pre>
|
|---|
| 422 | <var>one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.</var>
|
|---|
| 423 | Copyright (C) <var>yyyy</var> <var>name of author</var>
|
|---|
| 424 |
|
|---|
| 425 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
|
|---|
| 426 | modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
|
|---|
| 427 | as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
|
|---|
| 428 | of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
|
|---|
| 429 |
|
|---|
| 430 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
|---|
| 431 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
|---|
| 432 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
|---|
| 433 | GNU General Public License for more details.
|
|---|
| 434 |
|
|---|
| 435 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
|---|
| 436 | along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
|
|---|
| 437 | Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
|
|---|
| 438 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 439 |
|
|---|
| 440 | <p>
|
|---|
| 441 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
|
|---|
| 442 | </p>
|
|---|
| 443 |
|
|---|
| 444 | <p>
|
|---|
| 445 | If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
|
|---|
| 446 | when it starts in an interactive mode:
|
|---|
| 447 | </p>
|
|---|
| 448 |
|
|---|
| 449 | <pre>
|
|---|
| 450 | Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>name of author</var>
|
|---|
| 451 | Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
|
|---|
| 452 | type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome
|
|---|
| 453 | to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
|
|---|
| 454 | for details.
|
|---|
| 455 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 456 |
|
|---|
| 457 | <p>
|
|---|
| 458 | The hypothetical commands <samp>`show w'</samp> and <samp>`show c'</samp> should show
|
|---|
| 459 | the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
|
|---|
| 460 | commands you use may be called something other than <samp>`show w'</samp> and
|
|---|
| 461 | <samp>`show c'</samp>; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever
|
|---|
| 462 | suits your program.
|
|---|
| 463 | </p>
|
|---|
| 464 |
|
|---|
| 465 | <p>
|
|---|
| 466 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
|
|---|
| 467 | school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
|
|---|
| 468 | necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
|
|---|
| 469 | </p>
|
|---|
| 470 |
|
|---|
| 471 |
|
|---|
| 472 | <pre>
|
|---|
| 473 | Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
|
|---|
| 474 | interest in the program `Gnomovision'
|
|---|
| 475 | (which makes passes at compilers) written
|
|---|
| 476 | by James Hacker.
|
|---|
| 477 |
|
|---|
| 478 | <var>signature of Ty Coon</var>, 1 April 1989
|
|---|
| 479 | Ty Coon, President of Vice
|
|---|
| 480 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 481 |
|
|---|
| 482 | <p>
|
|---|
| 483 | This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
|
|---|
| 484 | proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
|
|---|
| 485 | consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
|
|---|
| 486 | library. If this is what you want to do, use the
|
|---|
| 487 | <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU Lesser General Public License</a>
|
|---|
| 488 | instead of this License.
|
|---|
| 489 | </p>
|
|---|
| 490 |
|
|---|
| 491 | </body>
|
|---|
| 492 | </html>
|
|---|
