| 1 | #!../miniperl
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| 2 |
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| 3 | $ENV{LC_ALL} = 'C';
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| 4 |
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| 5 | open (OUT, ">perlmodlib.pod") or die $!;
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| 6 | my (@pragma, @mod, @MANIFEST);
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| 7 |
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| 8 | open (MANIFEST, "../MANIFEST") or die $!;
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| 9 | @MANIFEST = grep !m</(?:t|demo)/>, <MANIFEST>;
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| 10 | push @MANIFEST, 'lib/Config.pod', 'lib/Errno.pm', 'lib/lib.pm',
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| 11 | 'lib/DynaLoader.pm', 'lib/XSLoader.pm';
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| 12 |
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| 13 | for (@MANIFEST) {
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| 14 | my $filename;
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| 15 | next unless s|^lib/|| or m|^ext/|;
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| 16 | my ($origfilename) = ($filename) = m|^(\S+)|;
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| 17 | $filename =~ s|^[^/]+/|| if $filename =~ s|^ext/||;
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| 18 | next unless $filename =~ m!\.p(m|od)$!;
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| 19 | unless (open (MOD, "../lib/$filename")) {
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| 20 | unless (open (MOD, "../$origfilename")) {
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| 21 | warn "Couldn't open ../$origfilename: $!";
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| 22 | next;
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| 23 | }
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| 24 | $filename = $origfilename;
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| 25 | }
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| 26 |
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| 27 |
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| 28 | my ($name, $thing);
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| 29 | my $foundit=0;
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| 30 | {
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| 31 | local $/="";
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| 32 | while (<MOD>) {
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| 33 | next unless /^=head1 NAME/;
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| 34 | $foundit++;
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| 35 | last;
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| 36 | }
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| 37 | }
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| 38 | unless ($foundit) {
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| 39 | warn "$filename missing =head1 NAME (okay if there is respective .pod)\n";
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| 40 | next;
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| 41 | }
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| 42 | my $title = <MOD>;
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| 43 | chomp($title);
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| 44 | close MOD;
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| 45 |
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| 46 | my $perlname = $filename;
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| 47 | $perlname =~ s!^.*\b(ext|lib)/!!;
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| 48 | $perlname =~ s!\.p(m|od)$!!;
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| 49 | $perlname =~ s!\b(\w+)/\1\b!$1!;
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| 50 | $perlname =~ s!/!::!g;
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| 51 |
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| 52 | ($name, $thing) = split / --? /, $title, 2;
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| 53 |
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| 54 | unless ($name and $thing) {
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| 55 | warn "$filename missing name\n" unless $name;
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| 56 | warn "$filename missing thing\n" unless $thing;
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| 57 | next;
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| 58 | }
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| 59 |
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| 60 |
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| 61 | $thing =~ s/^perl pragma to //i;
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| 62 | $thing = ucfirst($thing);
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| 63 | $title = "=item $perlname\n\n$thing\n\n";
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| 64 |
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| 65 | if ($filename =~ /[A-Z]/) {
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| 66 | push @mod, $title;
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| 67 | } else {
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| 68 | push @pragma, $title;
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| 69 | }
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| 70 | }
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| 71 |
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| 72 | print OUT <<'EOF';
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| 73 | =for maintainers
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| 74 | Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
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| 75 |
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| 76 | =head1 NAME
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| 77 |
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| 78 | perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
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| 79 |
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| 80 | =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
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| 81 |
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| 82 | Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described
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| 83 | below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
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| 84 | files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
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| 85 | autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
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| 86 | by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
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| 87 | library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
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| 88 | old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
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| 89 | run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
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| 90 | modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
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| 91 | as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
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| 92 | already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
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| 93 | The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
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| 94 | but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
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| 95 |
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| 96 | =head2 Pragmatic Modules
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| 97 |
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| 98 | They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
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| 99 | tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
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| 100 | work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
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| 101 | are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
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| 102 | by saying:
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| 103 |
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| 104 | no integer;
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| 105 | no strict 'refs';
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| 106 | no warnings;
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| 107 |
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| 108 | which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
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| 109 |
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| 110 | Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
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| 111 | C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
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| 112 | like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
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| 113 | variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
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| 114 | just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
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| 115 | for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
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| 116 | vars> or C<no subs>.
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| 117 |
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| 118 | The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
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| 119 |
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| 120 | =over 12
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| 121 |
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| 122 | EOF
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| 123 |
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| 124 | print OUT $_ for (sort @pragma);
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| 125 |
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| 126 | print OUT <<EOF;
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| 127 | =back
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| 128 |
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| 129 | =head2 Standard Modules
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| 130 |
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| 131 | Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
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| 132 | manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
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| 133 | Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
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| 134 |
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| 135 | It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
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| 136 | system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
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| 137 | don't have the gdbm library.
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| 138 |
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| 139 | =over 12
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| 140 |
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| 141 | EOF
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| 142 |
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| 143 | print OUT $_ for (sort @mod);
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| 144 |
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| 145 | print OUT <<'EOF';
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| 146 | =back
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| 147 |
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| 148 | To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
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| 149 | those without documentation or outside the standard release,
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| 150 | just use the following command (under the default win32 shell,
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| 151 | double quotes should be used instead of single quotes).
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| 152 |
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| 153 | % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
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| 154 | 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
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| 155 | no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
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| 156 |
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| 157 | (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.)
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| 158 | They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
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| 159 | via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
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| 160 | program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
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| 161 | generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
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| 162 | have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
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| 163 | to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
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| 164 | system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
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| 165 |
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| 166 | Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly
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| 167 | incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
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| 168 | your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker
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| 169 | install process.)
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| 170 |
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| 171 | =head2 Extension Modules
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| 172 |
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| 173 | Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
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| 174 | are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
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| 175 | but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
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| 176 | include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
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| 177 |
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| 178 | Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
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| 179 | completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
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| 180 | for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
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| 181 | platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
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| 182 | look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
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| 183 | like Alta Vista or Google.
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| 184 |
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| 185 | =head1 CPAN
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| 186 |
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| 187 | CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
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| 188 | replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
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| 189 | guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
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| 190 | occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
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| 191 | CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
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| 192 |
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| 193 | Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
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| 194 | some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
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| 195 | modules are:
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| 196 |
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| 197 | =over
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| 198 |
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| 199 | =item *
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| 200 |
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| 201 | Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
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| 202 |
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| 203 | =item *
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| 204 |
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| 205 | Development Support
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| 206 |
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| 207 | =item *
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| 208 |
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| 209 | Operating System Interfaces
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| 210 |
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| 211 | =item *
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| 212 |
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| 213 | Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
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| 214 |
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| 215 | =item *
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| 216 |
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| 217 | Data Types and Data Type Utilities
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| 218 |
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| 219 | =item *
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| 220 |
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| 221 | Database Interfaces
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| 222 |
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| 223 | =item *
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| 224 |
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| 225 | User Interfaces
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| 226 |
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| 227 | =item *
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| 228 |
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| 229 | Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
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| 230 |
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| 231 | =item *
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| 232 |
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| 233 | File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
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| 234 |
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| 235 | =item *
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| 236 |
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| 237 | String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
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| 238 |
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| 239 | =item *
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| 240 |
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| 241 | Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
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| 242 |
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| 243 | =item *
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| 244 |
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| 245 | Internationalization and Locale
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| 246 |
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| 247 | =item *
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| 248 |
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| 249 | Authentication, Security, and Encryption
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| 250 |
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| 251 | =item *
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| 252 |
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| 253 | World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
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| 254 |
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| 255 | =item *
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| 256 |
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| 257 | Server and Daemon Utilities
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| 258 |
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| 259 | =item *
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| 260 |
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| 261 | Archiving and Compression
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| 262 |
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| 263 | =item *
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| 264 |
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| 265 | Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
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| 266 |
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| 267 | =item *
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| 268 |
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| 269 | Mail and Usenet News
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| 270 |
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| 271 | =item *
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| 272 |
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| 273 | Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
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| 274 |
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| 275 | =item *
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| 276 |
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| 277 | File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
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| 278 |
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| 279 | =item *
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| 280 |
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| 281 | Miscellaneous Modules
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| 282 |
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| 283 | =back
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| 284 |
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| 285 | The list of the registered CPAN sites as of this writing follows.
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| 286 | Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
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| 287 |
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| 288 | Continent
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| 289 | |
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| 290 | |-->Country
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| 291 | |
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| 292 | |-->[state/province]
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| 293 | |
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| 294 | |-->ftp
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| 295 | |
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| 296 | |-->[http]
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| 297 |
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| 298 | and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
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| 299 | European and the South American sites.
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| 300 |
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| 301 | You should try to choose one close to you.
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| 302 |
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| 303 | =head2 Africa
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| 304 |
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| 305 | =over 4
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| 306 |
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| 307 | =item South Africa
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| 308 |
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| 309 | http://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
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| 310 | ftp://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
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| 311 | ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
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| 312 | ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
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| 313 | ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/
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| 314 |
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| 315 | =back
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| 316 |
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| 317 | =head2 Asia
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| 318 |
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| 319 | =over 4
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| 320 |
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| 321 | =item China
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| 322 |
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| 323 | http://cpan.linuxforum.net/
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| 324 | http://cpan.shellhung.org/
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| 325 | ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
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| 326 | ftp://mirrors.hknet.com/CPAN
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| 327 |
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| 328 | =item Indonesia
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| 329 |
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| 330 | http://mirrors.tf.itb.ac.id/cpan/
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| 331 | http://cpan.cbn.net.id/
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| 332 | ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN
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| 333 |
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| 334 | =item Israel
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| 335 |
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| 336 | ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
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| 337 | http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
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| 338 | http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
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| 339 | ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
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| 340 |
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| 341 | =item Japan
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| 342 |
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| 343 | ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
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| 344 | ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
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| 345 | ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/
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| 346 | ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
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| 347 | http://ftp.cpan.jp/
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| 348 | ftp://ftp.cpan.jp/CPAN/
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| 349 | ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
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| 350 | ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
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| 351 |
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| 352 | =item Malaysia
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| 353 |
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| 354 | http://cpan.MyBSD.org.my
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| 355 | http://mirror.leafbug.org/pub/CPAN
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| 356 | http://ossig.mncc.com.my/mirror/pub/CPAN
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| 357 |
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| 358 | =item Russian Federation
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| 359 |
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| 360 | http://cpan.tomsk.ru
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| 361 | ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/
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| 362 |
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| 363 | =item Saudi Arabia
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| 364 |
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| 365 | ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
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| 366 |
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| 367 | =item Singapore
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| 368 |
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| 369 | http://CPAN.en.com.sg/
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| 370 | ftp://cpan.en.com.sg/
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| 371 | http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
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| 372 | ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
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| 373 | http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org
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| 374 | ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan
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| 375 |
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| 376 | =item South Korea
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| 377 |
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| 378 | http://CPAN.bora.net/
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| 379 | ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
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| 380 | http://mirror.kr.FreeBSD.org/CPAN
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|---|
| 381 | ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/CPAN
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| 382 |
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| 383 | =item Taiwan
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|---|
| 384 |
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| 385 | ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
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| 386 | http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/
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| 387 | ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
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| 388 | http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
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| 389 | ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
|
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| 390 | ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
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| 391 | http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
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| 392 | ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
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| 393 |
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| 394 | =item Thailand
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| 395 |
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| 396 | ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/
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| 397 | ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
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| 398 |
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| 399 | =back
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| 400 |
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| 401 | =head2 Central America
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| 402 |
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| 403 | =over 4
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| 404 |
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| 405 | =item Costa Rica
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| 406 |
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| 407 | http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
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| 408 | ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
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| 409 |
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| 410 | =back
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| 411 |
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| 412 | =head2 Europe
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| 413 |
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| 414 | =over 4
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| 415 |
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| 416 | =item Austria
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| 417 |
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| 418 | http://cpan.inode.at/
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| 419 | ftp://cpan.inode.at
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| 420 | ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
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| 421 |
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| 422 | =item Belgium
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| 423 |
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| 424 | http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
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| 425 | ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
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|---|
| 426 | http://cpan.skynet.be
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|---|
| 427 | ftp://ftp.cpan.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
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|---|
| 428 | ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
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| 429 |
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| 430 | =item Bosnia and Herzegovina
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|---|
| 431 |
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|---|
| 432 | http://cpan.blic.net/
|
|---|
| 433 |
|
|---|
| 434 | =item Bulgaria
|
|---|
| 435 |
|
|---|
| 436 | http://cpan.online.bg
|
|---|
| 437 | ftp://cpan.online.bg/cpan
|
|---|
| 438 | http://cpan.zadnik.org
|
|---|
| 439 | ftp://ftp.zadnik.org/mirrors/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 440 | http://cpan.lirex.net/
|
|---|
| 441 | ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN
|
|---|
| 442 |
|
|---|
| 443 | =item Croatia
|
|---|
| 444 |
|
|---|
| 445 | http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 446 | ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 447 |
|
|---|
| 448 | =item Czech Republic
|
|---|
| 449 |
|
|---|
| 450 | ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 451 | ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 452 |
|
|---|
| 453 | =item Denmark
|
|---|
| 454 |
|
|---|
| 455 | http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
|
|---|
| 456 | ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
|
|---|
| 457 | http://cpan.cybercity.dk
|
|---|
| 458 | http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 459 | ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 460 |
|
|---|
| 461 | =item Estonia
|
|---|
| 462 |
|
|---|
| 463 | ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 464 |
|
|---|
| 465 | =item Finland
|
|---|
| 466 |
|
|---|
| 467 | ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 468 | http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN
|
|---|
| 469 |
|
|---|
| 470 | =item France
|
|---|
| 471 |
|
|---|
| 472 | http://www.enstimac.fr/Perl/CPAN
|
|---|
| 473 | http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
|
|---|
| 474 | ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
|
|---|
| 475 | http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
|
|---|
| 476 | ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
|
|---|
| 477 | ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 478 | http://fr.cpan.org/
|
|---|
| 479 | ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 480 | ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 481 | ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 482 | http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
|
|---|
| 483 | ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
|
|---|
| 484 | http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
|
|---|
| 485 | ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
|
|---|
| 486 | http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
|
|---|
| 487 | ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
|
|---|
| 488 | ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 489 | ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 490 |
|
|---|
| 491 | =item Germany
|
|---|
| 492 |
|
|---|
| 493 | ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 494 | ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 495 | ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 496 | ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
|
|---|
| 497 | http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 498 | ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 499 | http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 500 | ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 501 | ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 502 | ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 503 | http://cpan.noris.de/
|
|---|
| 504 | ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 505 | ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 506 | ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 507 |
|
|---|
| 508 | =item Greece
|
|---|
| 509 |
|
|---|
| 510 | ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl
|
|---|
| 511 | ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
|
|---|
| 512 | ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
|
|---|
| 513 |
|
|---|
| 514 | =item Hungary
|
|---|
| 515 |
|
|---|
| 516 | http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 517 | ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 518 |
|
|---|
| 519 | =item Iceland
|
|---|
| 520 |
|
|---|
| 521 | http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 522 | ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 523 |
|
|---|
| 524 | =item Ireland
|
|---|
| 525 |
|
|---|
| 526 | http://cpan.indigo.ie/
|
|---|
| 527 | ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 528 | http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 529 | ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 530 | http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
|
|---|
| 531 | ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
|
|---|
| 532 |
|
|---|
| 533 | =item Italy
|
|---|
| 534 |
|
|---|
| 535 | http://cpan.nettuno.it/
|
|---|
| 536 | http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 537 | ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 538 | http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
|
|---|
| 539 | ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
|
|---|
| 540 | ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 541 | ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 542 | ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 543 | ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
|
|---|
| 544 | http://cpan.flashnet.it/
|
|---|
| 545 | ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 546 |
|
|---|
| 547 | =item Latvia
|
|---|
| 548 |
|
|---|
| 549 | http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 550 |
|
|---|
| 551 | =item Lithuania
|
|---|
| 552 |
|
|---|
| 553 | ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 554 |
|
|---|
| 555 | =item Netherlands
|
|---|
| 556 |
|
|---|
| 557 | ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 558 | ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 559 | ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 560 | http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
|
|---|
| 561 | ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 562 | ftp://mirror.vuurwerk.nl/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 563 | ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 564 | http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
|
|---|
| 565 | ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
|
|---|
| 566 | http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 567 | ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 568 |
|
|---|
| 569 | =item Norway
|
|---|
| 570 |
|
|---|
| 571 | ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
|
|---|
| 572 | ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
|
|---|
| 573 |
|
|---|
| 574 | =item Poland
|
|---|
| 575 |
|
|---|
| 576 | ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/CPAN
|
|---|
| 577 | ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 578 | ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 579 |
|
|---|
| 580 | =item Portugal
|
|---|
| 581 |
|
|---|
| 582 | ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 583 | ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 584 | http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/
|
|---|
| 585 | ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 586 | ftp://ftp.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 587 | http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
|
|---|
| 588 | ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
|
|---|
| 589 | http://cpan.ip.pt/
|
|---|
| 590 | ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
|
|---|
| 591 | http://cpan.telepac.pt/
|
|---|
| 592 | ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/cpan/
|
|---|
| 593 |
|
|---|
| 594 | =item Romania
|
|---|
| 595 |
|
|---|
| 596 | ftp://ftp.bio-net.ro/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 597 | ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 598 | ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN
|
|---|
| 599 | ftp://ftp.roedu.net/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 600 | ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
|
|---|
| 601 | ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
|
|---|
| 602 | http://cpan.ambra.ro/
|
|---|
| 603 | ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 604 | ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 605 | ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 606 | ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 607 |
|
|---|
| 608 | =item Russia
|
|---|
| 609 |
|
|---|
| 610 | ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 611 | http://cpan.rinet.ru/
|
|---|
| 612 | ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 613 | ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 614 | ftp://ftp.corbina.ru/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 615 | http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
|
|---|
| 616 | ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 617 |
|
|---|
| 618 | =item Slovakia
|
|---|
| 619 |
|
|---|
| 620 | ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 621 |
|
|---|
| 622 | =item Slovenia
|
|---|
| 623 |
|
|---|
| 624 | ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 625 |
|
|---|
| 626 | =item Spain
|
|---|
| 627 |
|
|---|
| 628 | http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/
|
|---|
| 629 | ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 630 | ftp://ftp.ri.telefonica-data.net/CPAN
|
|---|
| 631 | ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
|
|---|
| 632 |
|
|---|
| 633 | =item Sweden
|
|---|
| 634 |
|
|---|
| 635 | http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 636 | ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 637 | http://mirror.dataphone.se/CPAN
|
|---|
| 638 | ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 639 | ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 640 |
|
|---|
| 641 | =item Switzerland
|
|---|
| 642 |
|
|---|
| 643 | http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/
|
|---|
| 644 | ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 645 | ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 646 | ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 647 |
|
|---|
| 648 | =item Turkey
|
|---|
| 649 |
|
|---|
| 650 | http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 651 | ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN
|
|---|
| 652 | ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 653 |
|
|---|
| 654 | =item Ukraine
|
|---|
| 655 |
|
|---|
| 656 | http://cpan.org.ua/
|
|---|
| 657 | ftp://cpan.org.ua/
|
|---|
| 658 | ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 659 | http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 660 | ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 661 |
|
|---|
| 662 | =item United Kingdom
|
|---|
| 663 |
|
|---|
| 664 | http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
|
|---|
| 665 | ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 666 | http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
|
|---|
| 667 | ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 668 | http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
|
|---|
| 669 | ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 670 | http://cpan.etla.org/
|
|---|
| 671 | ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 672 | ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 673 | http://cpan.m.flirble.org/
|
|---|
| 674 | ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 675 | ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 676 | http://cpan.hambule.co.uk/
|
|---|
| 677 | http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/
|
|---|
| 678 | ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 679 | ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 680 |
|
|---|
| 681 | =back
|
|---|
| 682 |
|
|---|
| 683 | =head2 North America
|
|---|
| 684 |
|
|---|
| 685 | =over 4
|
|---|
| 686 |
|
|---|
| 687 | =item Canada
|
|---|
| 688 |
|
|---|
| 689 | =over 8
|
|---|
| 690 |
|
|---|
| 691 | =item Alberta
|
|---|
| 692 |
|
|---|
| 693 | http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/
|
|---|
| 694 | ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 695 |
|
|---|
| 696 | =item Manitoba
|
|---|
| 697 |
|
|---|
| 698 | http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 699 | ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 700 |
|
|---|
| 701 | =item Nova Scotia
|
|---|
| 702 |
|
|---|
| 703 | ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 704 |
|
|---|
| 705 | =item Ontario
|
|---|
| 706 |
|
|---|
| 707 | ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 708 |
|
|---|
| 709 | =back
|
|---|
| 710 |
|
|---|
| 711 | =item Mexico
|
|---|
| 712 |
|
|---|
| 713 | http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
|
|---|
| 714 | ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
|
|---|
| 715 | http://www.cpan.unam.mx/
|
|---|
| 716 | ftp://ftp.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 717 | http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 718 | ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 719 |
|
|---|
| 720 | =item United States
|
|---|
| 721 |
|
|---|
| 722 | =over 8
|
|---|
| 723 |
|
|---|
| 724 | =item Alabama
|
|---|
| 725 |
|
|---|
| 726 | http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 727 | ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 728 |
|
|---|
| 729 | =item California
|
|---|
| 730 |
|
|---|
| 731 | http://cpan.develooper.com/
|
|---|
| 732 | http://www.cpan.org/
|
|---|
| 733 | ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 734 | http://www.mednor.net/ftp/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 735 | ftp://ftp.mednor.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 736 | http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
|
|---|
| 737 | ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 738 | http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
|
|---|
| 739 | ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 740 | http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/
|
|---|
| 741 | ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 742 | http://cpan.digisle.net/
|
|---|
| 743 | ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 744 | http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 745 | http://www.uberlan.net/CPAN
|
|---|
| 746 |
|
|---|
| 747 | =item Colorado
|
|---|
| 748 |
|
|---|
| 749 | ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 750 | http://cpan.four10.com
|
|---|
| 751 |
|
|---|
| 752 | =item Delaware
|
|---|
| 753 |
|
|---|
| 754 | http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 755 | ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 756 |
|
|---|
| 757 | =item District of Columbia
|
|---|
| 758 |
|
|---|
| 759 | ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 760 |
|
|---|
| 761 | =item Florida
|
|---|
| 762 |
|
|---|
| 763 | ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 764 | http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 765 | ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 766 | http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/
|
|---|
| 767 |
|
|---|
| 768 | =item Indiana
|
|---|
| 769 |
|
|---|
| 770 | ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 771 | http://cpan.netnitco.net/
|
|---|
| 772 | ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 773 | http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 774 | ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 775 | http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 776 | ftp://ftp.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 777 | http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 778 | ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 779 |
|
|---|
| 780 | =item Kentucky
|
|---|
| 781 |
|
|---|
| 782 | http://cpan.uky.edu/
|
|---|
| 783 | ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 784 | http://slugsite.louisville.edu/cpan
|
|---|
| 785 | ftp://slugsite.louisville.edu/CPAN
|
|---|
| 786 |
|
|---|
| 787 | =item Massachusetts
|
|---|
| 788 |
|
|---|
| 789 | http://mirrors.towardex.com/CPAN
|
|---|
| 790 | ftp://mirrors.towardex.com/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 791 | ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 792 |
|
|---|
| 793 | =item Michigan
|
|---|
| 794 |
|
|---|
| 795 | ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
|
|---|
| 796 | http://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 797 | ftp://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 798 |
|
|---|
| 799 | =item Nevada
|
|---|
| 800 |
|
|---|
| 801 | http://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 802 | ftp://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 803 |
|
|---|
| 804 | =item New Jersey
|
|---|
| 805 |
|
|---|
| 806 | http://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 807 | ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 808 | http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
|
|---|
| 809 | ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 810 |
|
|---|
| 811 | =item New York
|
|---|
| 812 |
|
|---|
| 813 | http://cpan.belfry.net/
|
|---|
| 814 | http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
|
|---|
| 815 | ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/
|
|---|
| 816 | http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
|
|---|
| 817 | ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
|
|---|
| 818 | ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 819 | http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
|
|---|
| 820 | ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
|
|---|
| 821 |
|
|---|
| 822 | =item North Carolina
|
|---|
| 823 |
|
|---|
| 824 | http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
|
|---|
| 825 | ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
|
|---|
| 826 | ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
|
|---|
| 827 | ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 828 |
|
|---|
| 829 | =item Oklahoma
|
|---|
| 830 |
|
|---|
| 831 | ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 832 |
|
|---|
| 833 | =item Oregon
|
|---|
| 834 |
|
|---|
| 835 | ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 836 |
|
|---|
| 837 | =item Pennsylvania
|
|---|
| 838 |
|
|---|
| 839 | http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 840 | ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
|
|---|
| 841 | http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 842 | ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 843 | http://cpan.pair.com/
|
|---|
| 844 | ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 845 | ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 846 |
|
|---|
| 847 | =item Tennessee
|
|---|
| 848 |
|
|---|
| 849 | ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 850 |
|
|---|
| 851 | =item Texas
|
|---|
| 852 |
|
|---|
| 853 | http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 854 | http://www.binarycode.org/cpan
|
|---|
| 855 | ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 856 | http://mirrors.theonlinerecordstore.com/CPAN
|
|---|
| 857 |
|
|---|
| 858 | =item Utah
|
|---|
| 859 |
|
|---|
| 860 | ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 861 |
|
|---|
| 862 | =item Virginia
|
|---|
| 863 |
|
|---|
| 864 | http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/
|
|---|
| 865 | ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 866 | http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 867 | ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 868 | http://perl.secsup.org/
|
|---|
| 869 | ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/
|
|---|
| 870 | http://noc.cvaix.com/mirrors/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 871 |
|
|---|
| 872 | =item Washington
|
|---|
| 873 |
|
|---|
| 874 | http://cpan.llarian.net/
|
|---|
| 875 | ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 876 | http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
|
|---|
| 877 | ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 878 | ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 879 |
|
|---|
| 880 | =item Wisconsin
|
|---|
| 881 |
|
|---|
| 882 | http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 883 | ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 884 | http://mirror.aphix.com/CPAN
|
|---|
| 885 | ftp://mirror.aphix.com/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 886 |
|
|---|
| 887 | =back
|
|---|
| 888 |
|
|---|
| 889 | =back
|
|---|
| 890 |
|
|---|
| 891 | =head2 Oceania
|
|---|
| 892 |
|
|---|
| 893 | =over 4
|
|---|
| 894 |
|
|---|
| 895 | =item Australia
|
|---|
| 896 |
|
|---|
| 897 | http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 898 | ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 899 | ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 900 | ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 901 | http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au
|
|---|
| 902 |
|
|---|
| 903 | =item New Zealand
|
|---|
| 904 |
|
|---|
| 905 | ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 906 |
|
|---|
| 907 | =item United States
|
|---|
| 908 |
|
|---|
| 909 | http://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 910 | ftp://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 911 |
|
|---|
| 912 | =back
|
|---|
| 913 |
|
|---|
| 914 | =head2 South America
|
|---|
| 915 |
|
|---|
| 916 | =over 4
|
|---|
| 917 |
|
|---|
| 918 | =item Argentina
|
|---|
| 919 |
|
|---|
| 920 | ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 921 | http://www.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
|
|---|
| 922 | ftp://ftp.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
|
|---|
| 923 |
|
|---|
| 924 | =item Brazil
|
|---|
| 925 |
|
|---|
| 926 | ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 927 | ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 928 | http://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
|
|---|
| 929 | ftp://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
|
|---|
| 930 |
|
|---|
| 931 | =item Chile
|
|---|
| 932 |
|
|---|
| 933 | http://cpan.netglobalis.net/
|
|---|
| 934 | ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 935 |
|
|---|
| 936 | =back
|
|---|
| 937 |
|
|---|
| 938 | =head2 RSYNC Mirrors
|
|---|
| 939 |
|
|---|
| 940 | www.linux.org.ar::cpan
|
|---|
| 941 | theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN
|
|---|
| 942 | ftp.shellhung.org::CPAN
|
|---|
| 943 | rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN
|
|---|
| 944 | ftp.u-paris10.fr::CPAN
|
|---|
| 945 | mir1.ovh.net::CPAN
|
|---|
| 946 | rsync://ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN
|
|---|
| 947 | ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 948 | ftp.leo.org::CPAN
|
|---|
| 949 | ftp.cbn.net.id::CPAN
|
|---|
| 950 | rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
|
|---|
| 951 | ftp.iglu.org.il::CPAN
|
|---|
| 952 | gusp.dyndns.org::cpan
|
|---|
| 953 | ftp.kddlabs.co.jp::cpan
|
|---|
| 954 | ftp.ayamura.org::pub/CPAN/
|
|---|
| 955 | mirror.leafbug.org::CPAN
|
|---|
| 956 | rsync.en.com.sg::CPAN
|
|---|
| 957 | mirror.averse.net::cpan
|
|---|
| 958 | rsync.oss.eznetsols.org
|
|---|
| 959 | ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org::CPAN
|
|---|
| 960 | ftp.solnet.ch::CPAN
|
|---|
| 961 | cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw::CPAN
|
|---|
| 962 | cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
|
|---|
| 963 | rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN
|
|---|
| 964 | ftp.sedl.org::cpan
|
|---|
| 965 | ibiblio.org::CPAN
|
|---|
| 966 | cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN
|
|---|
| 967 | aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu::CPAN
|
|---|
| 968 | archive.progeny.com::CPAN
|
|---|
| 969 | rsync://slugsite.louisville.edu::CPAN
|
|---|
| 970 | mirror.aphix.com::CPAN
|
|---|
| 971 | cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
|
|---|
| 972 | ftp.lug.udel.edu::cpan
|
|---|
| 973 | mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN
|
|---|
| 974 | mirrors.phenominet.com::CPAN
|
|---|
| 975 | cpan.pair.com::CPAN
|
|---|
| 976 | cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN
|
|---|
| 977 | mirror.csit.fsu.edu::CPAN
|
|---|
| 978 | csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu::CPAN
|
|---|
| 979 |
|
|---|
| 980 | For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
|
|---|
| 981 | see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
|
|---|
| 982 |
|
|---|
| 983 | =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
|
|---|
| 984 |
|
|---|
| 985 | (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
|
|---|
| 986 | file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
|
|---|
| 987 |
|
|---|
| 988 | Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
|
|---|
| 989 | package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
|
|---|
| 990 | namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
|
|---|
| 991 | used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
|
|---|
| 992 | first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
|
|---|
| 993 | or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
|
|---|
| 994 |
|
|---|
| 995 | A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
|
|---|
| 996 | name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
|
|---|
| 997 | called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
|
|---|
| 998 | its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
|
|---|
| 999 | totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
|
|---|
| 1000 | might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
|
|---|
| 1001 | demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
|
|---|
| 1002 | exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
|
|---|
| 1003 | the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
|
|---|
| 1004 |
|
|---|
| 1005 | =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
|
|---|
| 1006 |
|
|---|
| 1007 | =over 4
|
|---|
| 1008 |
|
|---|
| 1009 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1010 |
|
|---|
| 1011 | Do similar modules already exist in some form?
|
|---|
| 1012 |
|
|---|
| 1013 | If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
|
|---|
| 1014 | by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
|
|---|
| 1015 | practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
|
|---|
| 1016 | extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
|
|---|
| 1017 | A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
|
|---|
| 1018 | with command line options.
|
|---|
| 1019 |
|
|---|
| 1020 | If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
|
|---|
| 1021 | modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
|
|---|
| 1022 | helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
|
|---|
| 1023 | scheme as the original author.
|
|---|
| 1024 |
|
|---|
| 1025 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1026 |
|
|---|
| 1027 | Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
|
|---|
| 1028 |
|
|---|
| 1029 | Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
|
|---|
| 1030 | Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
|
|---|
| 1031 | of code that need less warnings.
|
|---|
| 1032 |
|
|---|
| 1033 | Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
|
|---|
| 1034 | into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
|
|---|
| 1035 | e.g.,:
|
|---|
| 1036 |
|
|---|
| 1037 | sub new {
|
|---|
| 1038 | my $class = shift;
|
|---|
| 1039 | return bless {}, $class;
|
|---|
| 1040 | }
|
|---|
| 1041 |
|
|---|
| 1042 | or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
|
|---|
| 1043 | or a virtual method.
|
|---|
| 1044 |
|
|---|
| 1045 | sub new {
|
|---|
| 1046 | my $self = shift;
|
|---|
| 1047 | my $class = ref($self) || $self;
|
|---|
| 1048 | return bless {}, $class;
|
|---|
| 1049 | }
|
|---|
| 1050 |
|
|---|
| 1051 | Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
|
|---|
| 1052 | (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
|
|---|
| 1053 | appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
|
|---|
| 1054 | Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
|
|---|
| 1055 |
|
|---|
| 1056 | Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
|
|---|
| 1057 | Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
|
|---|
| 1058 | Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
|
|---|
| 1059 | class names as far as possible.
|
|---|
| 1060 |
|
|---|
| 1061 | Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
|
|---|
| 1062 | C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
|
|---|
| 1063 |
|
|---|
| 1064 | Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
|
|---|
| 1065 | burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
|
|---|
| 1066 | the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
|
|---|
| 1067 |
|
|---|
| 1068 | eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
|
|---|
| 1069 |
|
|---|
| 1070 | Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
|
|---|
| 1071 | C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
|
|---|
| 1072 | to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
|
|---|
| 1073 | does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;>
|
|---|
| 1074 | into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ?
|
|---|
| 1075 |
|
|---|
| 1076 | Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
|
|---|
| 1077 | difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
|
|---|
| 1078 | information in objects.
|
|---|
| 1079 |
|
|---|
| 1080 | Always use B<-w>.
|
|---|
| 1081 |
|
|---|
| 1082 | Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
|
|---|
| 1083 | Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
|
|---|
| 1084 | of code that need less strictness.
|
|---|
| 1085 |
|
|---|
| 1086 | Always use B<-w>.
|
|---|
| 1087 |
|
|---|
| 1088 | Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
|
|---|
| 1089 |
|
|---|
| 1090 | Always use B<-w>.
|
|---|
| 1091 |
|
|---|
| 1092 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1093 |
|
|---|
| 1094 | Some simple style guidelines
|
|---|
| 1095 |
|
|---|
| 1096 | The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
|
|---|
| 1097 |
|
|---|
| 1098 | Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
|
|---|
| 1099 | style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
|
|---|
| 1100 | maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
|
|---|
| 1101 | seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
|
|---|
| 1102 |
|
|---|
| 1103 | Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
|
|---|
| 1104 | $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
|
|---|
| 1105 | non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
|
|---|
| 1106 | consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
|
|---|
| 1107 |
|
|---|
| 1108 | Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
|
|---|
| 1109 | reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
|
|---|
| 1110 | and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
|
|---|
| 1111 | use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
|
|---|
| 1112 |
|
|---|
| 1113 | You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
|
|---|
| 1114 | or nature of a variable. For example:
|
|---|
| 1115 |
|
|---|
| 1116 | $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
|
|---|
| 1117 | $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
|
|---|
| 1118 | $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
|
|---|
| 1119 |
|
|---|
| 1120 | Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
|
|---|
| 1121 | e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
|
|---|
| 1122 |
|
|---|
| 1123 | You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
|
|---|
| 1124 | function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
|
|---|
| 1125 |
|
|---|
| 1126 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1127 |
|
|---|
| 1128 | Select what to export.
|
|---|
| 1129 |
|
|---|
| 1130 | Do NOT export method names!
|
|---|
| 1131 |
|
|---|
| 1132 | Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
|
|---|
| 1133 |
|
|---|
| 1134 | Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
|
|---|
| 1135 | export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
|
|---|
| 1136 | short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
|
|---|
| 1137 |
|
|---|
| 1138 | Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
|
|---|
| 1139 | module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
|
|---|
| 1140 | syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
|
|---|
| 1141 | indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
|
|---|
| 1142 |
|
|---|
| 1143 | (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
|
|---|
| 1144 | C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
|
|---|
| 1145 | directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
|
|---|
| 1146 | table.)
|
|---|
| 1147 |
|
|---|
| 1148 | As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
|
|---|
| 1149 | then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
|
|---|
| 1150 | @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
|
|---|
| 1151 |
|
|---|
| 1152 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1153 |
|
|---|
| 1154 | Select a name for the module.
|
|---|
| 1155 |
|
|---|
| 1156 | This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
|
|---|
| 1157 | possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
|
|---|
| 1158 | more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
|
|---|
| 1159 | about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
|
|---|
| 1160 | nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
|
|---|
| 1161 | There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
|
|---|
| 1162 | Module names should begin with a capital letter.
|
|---|
| 1163 |
|
|---|
| 1164 | Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
|
|---|
| 1165 | (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
|
|---|
| 1166 | Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
|
|---|
| 1167 | If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
|
|---|
| 1168 |
|
|---|
| 1169 | If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
|
|---|
| 1170 | practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
|
|---|
| 1171 | avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
|
|---|
| 1172 | Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
|
|---|
| 1173 |
|
|---|
| 1174 | If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
|
|---|
| 1175 | standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
|
|---|
| 1176 | those modules.
|
|---|
| 1177 |
|
|---|
| 1178 | If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
|
|---|
| 1179 | that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
|
|---|
| 1180 | that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
|
|---|
| 1181 | can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
|
|---|
| 1182 | using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
|
|---|
| 1183 |
|
|---|
| 1184 | To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
|
|---|
| 1185 | 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
|
|---|
| 1186 | unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
|
|---|
| 1187 |
|
|---|
| 1188 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1189 |
|
|---|
| 1190 | Have you got it right?
|
|---|
| 1191 |
|
|---|
| 1192 | How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
|
|---|
| 1193 | picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
|
|---|
| 1194 | you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
|
|---|
| 1195 |
|
|---|
| 1196 | The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
|
|---|
| 1197 | is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
|
|---|
| 1198 | all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
|
|---|
| 1199 |
|
|---|
| 1200 | All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
|
|---|
| 1201 | purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
|
|---|
| 1202 | probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
|
|---|
| 1203 | by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
|
|---|
| 1204 |
|
|---|
| 1205 | Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
|
|---|
| 1206 | ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
|
|---|
| 1207 | others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
|
|---|
| 1208 |
|
|---|
| 1209 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1210 |
|
|---|
| 1211 | README and other Additional Files.
|
|---|
| 1212 |
|
|---|
| 1213 | It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
|
|---|
| 1214 | software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
|
|---|
| 1215 | your software and there is not enough time to write the full
|
|---|
| 1216 | documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
|
|---|
| 1217 |
|
|---|
| 1218 | =over 10
|
|---|
| 1219 |
|
|---|
| 1220 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1221 |
|
|---|
| 1222 | A description of the module/package/extension etc.
|
|---|
| 1223 |
|
|---|
| 1224 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1225 |
|
|---|
| 1226 | A copyright notice - see below.
|
|---|
| 1227 |
|
|---|
| 1228 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1229 |
|
|---|
| 1230 | Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
|
|---|
| 1231 |
|
|---|
| 1232 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1233 |
|
|---|
| 1234 | How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
|
|---|
| 1235 |
|
|---|
| 1236 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1237 |
|
|---|
| 1238 | How to install it.
|
|---|
| 1239 |
|
|---|
| 1240 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1241 |
|
|---|
| 1242 | Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
|
|---|
| 1243 |
|
|---|
| 1244 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1245 |
|
|---|
| 1246 | Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
|
|---|
| 1247 |
|
|---|
| 1248 | =back
|
|---|
| 1249 |
|
|---|
| 1250 | If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
|
|---|
| 1251 | split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
|
|---|
| 1252 | Copying, ToDo etc.
|
|---|
| 1253 |
|
|---|
| 1254 | =over 4
|
|---|
| 1255 |
|
|---|
| 1256 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1257 |
|
|---|
| 1258 | Adding a Copyright Notice.
|
|---|
| 1259 |
|
|---|
| 1260 | How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
|
|---|
| 1261 | The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
|
|---|
| 1262 | a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
|
|---|
| 1263 |
|
|---|
| 1264 | Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL
|
|---|
| 1265 | and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic,
|
|---|
| 1266 | or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT
|
|---|
| 1267 | just using the GNU GPL.
|
|---|
| 1268 |
|
|---|
| 1269 | My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
|
|---|
| 1270 | Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
|
|---|
| 1271 |
|
|---|
| 1272 | Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
|
|---|
| 1273 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
|
|---|
| 1274 | modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
|
|---|
| 1275 |
|
|---|
| 1276 | This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
|
|---|
| 1277 | also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
|
|---|
| 1278 | Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
|
|---|
| 1279 |
|
|---|
| 1280 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1281 |
|
|---|
| 1282 | Give the module a version/issue/release number.
|
|---|
| 1283 |
|
|---|
| 1284 | To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
|
|---|
| 1285 | should store your module's version number in a non-my package
|
|---|
| 1286 | variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
|
|---|
| 1287 | number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
|
|---|
| 1288 | e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
|
|---|
| 1289 | See L<Exporter> for details.
|
|---|
| 1290 |
|
|---|
| 1291 | It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
|
|---|
| 1292 | Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
|
|---|
| 1293 | releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
|
|---|
| 1294 | See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
|
|---|
| 1295 |
|
|---|
| 1296 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1297 |
|
|---|
| 1298 | How to release and distribute a module.
|
|---|
| 1299 |
|
|---|
| 1300 | It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
|
|---|
| 1301 | module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
|
|---|
| 1302 | Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
|
|---|
| 1303 | distribution.
|
|---|
| 1304 |
|
|---|
| 1305 | If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
|
|---|
| 1306 | include details of its location in your announcement.
|
|---|
| 1307 |
|
|---|
| 1308 | Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
|
|---|
| 1309 | name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
|
|---|
| 1310 | will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
|
|---|
| 1311 | file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
|
|---|
| 1312 | message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
|
|---|
| 1313 | deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
|
|---|
| 1314 | and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
|
|---|
| 1315 | location.
|
|---|
| 1316 |
|
|---|
| 1317 | FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
|
|---|
| 1318 |
|
|---|
| 1319 | Follow the instructions and links on:
|
|---|
| 1320 |
|
|---|
| 1321 | http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
|
|---|
| 1322 | http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
|
|---|
| 1323 |
|
|---|
| 1324 | or upload to one of these sites:
|
|---|
| 1325 |
|
|---|
| 1326 | https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
|
|---|
| 1327 | http://pause.perl.org/pause/
|
|---|
| 1328 |
|
|---|
| 1329 | and notify <modules@perl.org>.
|
|---|
| 1330 |
|
|---|
| 1331 | By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
|
|---|
| 1332 | your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
|
|---|
| 1333 | CPAN!
|
|---|
| 1334 |
|
|---|
| 1335 | Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
|
|---|
| 1336 |
|
|---|
| 1337 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1338 |
|
|---|
| 1339 | Take care when changing a released module.
|
|---|
| 1340 |
|
|---|
| 1341 | Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
|
|---|
| 1342 | Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
|
|---|
| 1343 | old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
|
|---|
| 1344 |
|
|---|
| 1345 | =back
|
|---|
| 1346 |
|
|---|
| 1347 | =back
|
|---|
| 1348 |
|
|---|
| 1349 | =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
|
|---|
| 1350 |
|
|---|
| 1351 | =over 4
|
|---|
| 1352 |
|
|---|
| 1353 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1354 |
|
|---|
| 1355 | There is no requirement to convert anything.
|
|---|
| 1356 |
|
|---|
| 1357 | If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
|
|---|
| 1358 | continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
|
|---|
| 1359 | changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
|
|---|
| 1360 | there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
|
|---|
| 1361 |
|
|---|
| 1362 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1363 |
|
|---|
| 1364 | Consider the implications.
|
|---|
| 1365 |
|
|---|
| 1366 | All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
|
|---|
| 1367 | be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
|
|---|
| 1368 | it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
|
|---|
| 1369 |
|
|---|
| 1370 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1371 |
|
|---|
| 1372 | Make the most of the opportunity.
|
|---|
| 1373 |
|
|---|
| 1374 | If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
|
|---|
| 1375 | opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
|
|---|
| 1376 | creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
|
|---|
| 1377 |
|
|---|
| 1378 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1379 |
|
|---|
| 1380 | The pl2pm utility will get you started.
|
|---|
| 1381 |
|
|---|
| 1382 | This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
|
|---|
| 1383 | corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
|
|---|
| 1384 |
|
|---|
| 1385 | =over 10
|
|---|
| 1386 |
|
|---|
| 1387 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1388 |
|
|---|
| 1389 | Adds the standard Module prologue lines
|
|---|
| 1390 |
|
|---|
| 1391 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1392 |
|
|---|
| 1393 | Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
|
|---|
| 1394 |
|
|---|
| 1395 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1396 |
|
|---|
| 1397 | Converts die(...) to croak(...)
|
|---|
| 1398 |
|
|---|
| 1399 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1400 |
|
|---|
| 1401 | Several other minor changes
|
|---|
| 1402 |
|
|---|
| 1403 | =back
|
|---|
| 1404 |
|
|---|
| 1405 | Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
|
|---|
| 1406 | code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
|
|---|
| 1407 | Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
|
|---|
| 1408 |
|
|---|
| 1409 | =back
|
|---|
| 1410 |
|
|---|
| 1411 | =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
|
|---|
| 1412 |
|
|---|
| 1413 | =over 4
|
|---|
| 1414 |
|
|---|
| 1415 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1416 |
|
|---|
| 1417 | Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
|
|---|
| 1418 |
|
|---|
| 1419 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1420 |
|
|---|
| 1421 | Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
|
|---|
| 1422 |
|
|---|
| 1423 | Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
|
|---|
| 1424 | to reuse.
|
|---|
| 1425 |
|
|---|
| 1426 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1427 |
|
|---|
| 1428 | Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
|
|---|
| 1429 |
|
|---|
| 1430 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1431 |
|
|---|
| 1432 | Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
|
|---|
| 1433 |
|
|---|
| 1434 | =item *
|
|---|
| 1435 |
|
|---|
| 1436 | In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
|
|---|
| 1437 |
|
|---|
| 1438 | fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
|
|---|
| 1439 | the application could invoked as:
|
|---|
| 1440 |
|
|---|
| 1441 | % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
|
|---|
| 1442 | or
|
|---|
| 1443 | % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
|
|---|
| 1444 |
|
|---|
| 1445 | =back
|
|---|
| 1446 |
|
|---|
| 1447 | =head1 NOTE
|
|---|
| 1448 |
|
|---|
| 1449 | Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
|
|---|
| 1450 | have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
|
|---|
| 1451 | doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
|
|---|
| 1452 | that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
|
|---|
| 1453 | because it has a shotgun.
|
|---|
| 1454 |
|
|---|
| 1455 | The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
|
|---|
| 1456 | and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
|
|---|
| 1457 | that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
|
|---|
| 1458 | written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
|
|---|
| 1459 | provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
|
|---|
| 1460 | you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.
|
|---|
| 1461 | EOF
|
|---|
| 1462 |
|
|---|
| 1463 | close MANIFEST or warn "$0: failed to close MANIFEST (../MANIFEST): $!";
|
|---|
| 1464 | close OUT or warn "$0: failed to close OUT (perlmodlib.pod): $!";
|
|---|
| 1465 |
|
|---|
