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source: vendor/FreeBSD-libc/5.1/db/docs/hash.usenix.ps

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Last change on this file was 961, checked in by bird, 22 years ago
Initial revision
Property cvs2svn:cvs-rev set to `1.1` Property svn:eol-style set to `native` Property svn:executable set to ``*
File size: 155.1 KB

Line
1	%!PS-Adobe-1.0
2	%%Creator: utopia:margo (& Seltzer,608-13E,8072,)
3	%%Title: stdin (ditroff)
4	%%CreationDate: Tue Dec 11 15:06:45 1990
5	%%EndComments
6	% @(#)psdit.pro 1.3 4/15/88
7	% lib/psdit.pro -- prolog for psdit (ditroff) files
8	% Copyright (c) 1984, 1985 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
9	% last edit: shore Sat Nov 23 20:28:03 1985
10	% RCSID: $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/db/docs/hash.usenix.ps,v 1.2 1999/08/28 05:03:14 peter Exp $
11
12	% Changed by Edward Wang (edward@ucbarpa.berkeley.edu) to handle graphics,
13	% 17 Feb, 87.
14
15	/$DITroff 140 dict def $DITroff begin
16	/fontnum 1 def /fontsize 10 def /fontheight 10 def /fontslant 0 def
17	/xi{0 72 11 mul translate 72 resolution div dup neg scale 0 0 moveto
18	/fontnum 1 def /fontsize 10 def /fontheight 10 def /fontslant 0 def F
19	/pagesave save def}def
20	/PB{save /psv exch def currentpoint translate
21	resolution 72 div dup neg scale 0 0 moveto}def
22	/PE{psv restore}def
23	/arctoobig 90 def /arctoosmall .05 def
24	/m1 matrix def /m2 matrix def /m3 matrix def /oldmat matrix def
25	/tan{dup sin exch cos div}def
26	/point{resolution 72 div mul}def
27	/dround {transform round exch round exch itransform}def
28	/xT{/devname exch def}def
29	/xr{/mh exch def /my exch def /resolution exch def}def
30	/xp{}def
31	/xs{docsave restore end}def
32	/xt{}def
33	/xf{/fontname exch def /slotno exch def fontnames slotno get fontname eq not
34	{fonts slotno fontname findfont put fontnames slotno fontname put}if}def
35	/xH{/fontheight exch def F}def
36	/xS{/fontslant exch def F}def
37	/s{/fontsize exch def /fontheight fontsize def F}def
38	/f{/fontnum exch def F}def
39	/F{fontheight 0 le{/fontheight fontsize def}if
40	fonts fontnum get fontsize point 0 0 fontheight point neg 0 0 m1 astore
41	fontslant 0 ne{1 0 fontslant tan 1 0 0 m2 astore m3 concatmatrix}if
42	makefont setfont .04 fontsize point mul 0 dround pop setlinewidth}def
43	/X{exch currentpoint exch pop moveto show}def
44	/N{3 1 roll moveto show}def
45	/Y{exch currentpoint pop exch moveto show}def
46	/S{show}def
47	/ditpush{}def/ditpop{}def
48	/AX{3 -1 roll currentpoint exch pop moveto 0 exch ashow}def
49	/AN{4 2 roll moveto 0 exch ashow}def
50	/AY{3 -1 roll currentpoint pop exch moveto 0 exch ashow}def
51	/AS{0 exch ashow}def
52	/MX{currentpoint exch pop moveto}def
53	/MY{currentpoint pop exch moveto}def
54	/MXY{moveto}def
55	/cb{pop}def % action on unknown char -- nothing for now
56	/n{}def/w{}def
57	/p{pop showpage pagesave restore /pagesave save def}def
58	/Dt{/Dlinewidth exch def}def 1 Dt
59	/Ds{/Ddash exch def}def -1 Ds
60	/Di{/Dstipple exch def}def 1 Di
61	/Dsetlinewidth{2 Dlinewidth mul setlinewidth}def
62	/Dsetdash{Ddash 4 eq{[8 12]}{Ddash 16 eq{[32 36]}
63	{Ddash 20 eq{[32 12 8 12]}{[]}ifelse}ifelse}ifelse 0 setdash}def
64	/Dstroke{gsave Dsetlinewidth Dsetdash 1 setlinecap stroke grestore
65	currentpoint newpath moveto}def
66	/Dl{rlineto Dstroke}def
67	/arcellipse{/diamv exch def /diamh exch def oldmat currentmatrix pop
68	currentpoint translate 1 diamv diamh div scale /rad diamh 2 div def
69	currentpoint exch rad add exch rad -180 180 arc oldmat setmatrix}def
70	/Dc{dup arcellipse Dstroke}def
71	/De{arcellipse Dstroke}def
72	/Da{/endv exch def /endh exch def /centerv exch def /centerh exch def
73	/cradius centerv centerv mul centerh centerh mul add sqrt def
74	/eradius endv endv mul endh endh mul add sqrt def
75	/endang endv endh atan def
76	/startang centerv neg centerh neg atan def
77	/sweep startang endang sub dup 0 lt{360 add}if def
78	sweep arctoobig gt
79	{/midang startang sweep 2 div sub def /midrad cradius eradius add 2 div def
80	/midh midang cos midrad mul def /midv midang sin midrad mul def
81	midh neg midv neg endh endv centerh centerv midh midv Da
82	Da}
83	{sweep arctoosmall ge
84	{/controldelt 1 sweep 2 div cos sub 3 sweep 2 div sin mul div 4 mul def
85	centerv neg controldelt mul centerh controldelt mul
86	endv neg controldelt mul centerh add endh add
87	endh controldelt mul centerv add endv add
88	centerh endh add centerv endv add rcurveto Dstroke}
89	{centerh endh add centerv endv add rlineto Dstroke}
90	ifelse}
91	ifelse}def
92	/Dpatterns[
93	[%cf[widthbits]
94	[8<0000000000000010>]
95	[8<0411040040114000>]
96	[8<0204081020408001>]
97	[8<0000103810000000>]
98	[8<6699996666999966>]
99	[8<0000800100001008>]
100	[8<81c36666c3810000>]
101	[8<0f0e0c0800000000>]
102	[8<0000000000000010>]
103	[8<0411040040114000>]
104	[8<0204081020408001>]
105	[8<0000001038100000>]
106	[8<6699996666999966>]
107	[8<0000800100001008>]
108	[8<81c36666c3810000>]
109	[8<0f0e0c0800000000>]
110	[8<0042660000246600>]
111	[8<0000990000990000>]
112	[8<0804020180402010>]
113	[8<2418814242811824>]
114	[8<6699996666999966>]
115	[8<8000000008000000>]
116	[8<00001c3e363e1c00>]
117	[8<0000000000000000>]
118	[32<00000040000000c00000004000000040000000e0000000000000000000000000>]
119	[32<00000000000060000000900000002000000040000000f0000000000000000000>]
120	[32<000000000000000000e0000000100000006000000010000000e0000000000000>]
121	[32<00000000000000002000000060000000a0000000f00000002000000000000000>]
122	[32<0000000e0000000000000000000000000000000f000000080000000e00000001>]
123	[32<0000090000000600000000000000000000000000000007000000080000000e00>]
124	[32<00010000000200000004000000040000000000000000000000000000000f0000>]
125	[32<0900000006000000090000000600000000000000000000000000000006000000>]]
126	[%ug
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162	[8<1f0f0f8ff1f0f0f8>]
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165	[8<9f0f0f9ff9f0f0f8>]
166	[8<9f0f0f9ff9f0f0f9>]
167	[8<9f8f0f9ff9f0f0f9>]
168	[8<9f8f0f9ff9f8f0f9>]
169	[8<9f8f1f9ff9f8f0f9>]
170	[8<9f8f1f9ff9f8f1f9>]
171	[8<bf8f1f9ff9f8f1f9>]
172	[8<bf8f1f9ffbf8f1f9>]
173	[8<bf8f1fdffbf8f1f9>]
174	[8<bf8f1fdffbf8f1fd>]
175	[8<ff8f1fdffbf8f1fd>]
176	[8<ff8f1fdffff8f1fd>]
177	[8<ff8f1ffffff8f1fd>]
178	[8<ff8f1ffffff8f1ff>]
179	[8<ff9f1ffffff8f1ff>]
180	[8<ff9f1ffffff9f1ff>]
181	[8<ff9f9ffffff9f1ff>]
182	[8<ff9f9ffffff9f9ff>]
183	[8<ffbf9ffffff9f9ff>]
184	[8<ffbf9ffffffbf9ff>]
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186	[8<ffbfdffffffbfdff>]
187	[8<ffffdffffffbfdff>]
188	[8<ffffdffffffffdff>]
189	[8<fffffffffffffdff>]
190	[8<ffffffffffffffff>]]
191	[%mg
192	[8<8000000000000000>]
193	[8<0822080080228000>]
194	[8<0204081020408001>]
195	[8<40e0400000000000>]
196	[8<66999966>]
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199	[8<f0e0c08000000000>]
200	[16<07c00f801f003e007c00f800f001e003c007800f001f003e007c00f801f003e0>]
201	[16<1f000f8007c003e001f000f8007c003e001f800fc007e003f001f8007c003e00>]
202	[8<c3c300000000c3c3>]
203	[16<0040008001000200040008001000200040008000000100020004000800100020>]
204	[16<0040002000100008000400020001800040002000100008000400020001000080>]
205	[16<1fc03fe07df0f8f8f07de03fc01f800fc01fe03ff07df8f87df03fe01fc00f80>]
206	[8<80>]
207	[8<8040201000000000>]
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209	[8<9900009900000000>]
210	[8<08040201804020100800020180002010>]
211	[8<2418814242811824>]
212	[8<66999966>]
213	[8<8000000008000000>]
214	[8<70f8d8f870000000>]
215	[8<0814224180402010>]
216	[8<aa00440a11a04400>]
217	[8<018245aa45820100>]
218	[8<221c224180808041>]
219	[8<88000000>]
220	[8<0855800080550800>]
221	[8<2844004482440044>]
222	[8<0810204080412214>]
223	[8<00>]]]def
224	/Dfill{
225	transform /maxy exch def /maxx exch def
226	transform /miny exch def /minx exch def
227	minx maxx gt{/minx maxx /maxx minx def def}if
228	miny maxy gt{/miny maxy /maxy miny def def}if
229	Dpatterns Dstipple 1 sub get exch 1 sub get
230	aload pop /stip exch def /stipw exch def /stiph 128 def
231	/imatrix[stipw 0 0 stiph 0 0]def
232	/tmatrix[stipw 0 0 stiph 0 0]def
233	/minx minx cvi stiph idiv stiph mul def
234	/miny miny cvi stipw idiv stipw mul def
235	gsave eoclip 0 setgray
236	miny stiph maxy{
237	tmatrix exch 5 exch put
238	minx stipw maxx{
239	tmatrix exch 4 exch put tmatrix setmatrix
240	stipw stiph true imatrix {stip} imagemask
241	}for
242	}for
243	grestore
244	}def
245	/Dp{Dfill Dstroke}def
246	/DP{Dfill currentpoint newpath moveto}def
247	end
248
249	/ditstart{$DITroff begin
250	/nfonts 60 def % NFONTS makedev/ditroff dependent!
251	/fonts[nfonts{0}repeat]def
252	/fontnames[nfonts{()}repeat]def
253	/docsave save def
254	}def
255
256	% character outcalls
257	/oc{
258	/pswid exch def /cc exch def /name exch def
259	/ditwid pswid fontsize mul resolution mul 72000 div def
260	/ditsiz fontsize resolution mul 72 div def
261	ocprocs name known{ocprocs name get exec}{name cb}ifelse
262	}def
263	/fractm [.65 0 0 .6 0 0] def
264	/fraction{
265	/fden exch def /fnum exch def gsave /cf currentfont def
266	cf fractm makefont setfont 0 .3 dm 2 copy neg rmoveto
267	fnum show rmoveto currentfont cf setfont(\244)show setfont fden show
268	grestore ditwid 0 rmoveto
269	}def
270	/oce{grestore ditwid 0 rmoveto}def
271	/dm{ditsiz mul}def
272	/ocprocs 50 dict def ocprocs begin
273	(14){(1)(4)fraction}def
274	(12){(1)(2)fraction}def
275	(34){(3)(4)fraction}def
276	(13){(1)(3)fraction}def
277	(23){(2)(3)fraction}def
278	(18){(1)(8)fraction}def
279	(38){(3)(8)fraction}def
280	(58){(5)(8)fraction}def
281	(78){(7)(8)fraction}def
282	(sr){gsave 0 .06 dm rmoveto(\326)show oce}def
283	(is){gsave 0 .15 dm rmoveto(\362)show oce}def
284	(->){gsave 0 .02 dm rmoveto(\256)show oce}def
285	(<-){gsave 0 .02 dm rmoveto(\254)show oce}def
286	(==){gsave 0 .05 dm rmoveto(\272)show oce}def
287	(uc){gsave currentpoint 400 .009 dm mul add translate
288	8 -8 scale ucseal oce}def
289	end
290
291	% an attempt at a PostScript FONT to implement ditroff special chars
292	% this will enable us to
293	% cache the little buggers
294	% generate faster, more compact PS out of psdit
295	% confuse everyone (including myself)!
296	50 dict dup begin
297	/FontType 3 def
298	/FontName /DIThacks def
299	/FontMatrix [.001 0 0 .001 0 0] def
300	/FontBBox [-260 -260 900 900] def% a lie but ...
301	/Encoding 256 array def
302	0 1 255{Encoding exch /.notdef put}for
303	Encoding
304	dup 8#040/space put %space
305	dup 8#110/rc put %right ceil
306	dup 8#111/lt put %left top curl
307	dup 8#112/bv put %bold vert
308	dup 8#113/lk put %left mid curl
309	dup 8#114/lb put %left bot curl
310	dup 8#115/rt put %right top curl
311	dup 8#116/rk put %right mid curl
312	dup 8#117/rb put %right bot curl
313	dup 8#120/rf put %right floor
314	dup 8#121/lf put %left floor
315	dup 8#122/lc put %left ceil
316	dup 8#140/sq put %square
317	dup 8#141/bx put %box
318	dup 8#142/ci put %circle
319	dup 8#143/br put %box rule
320	dup 8#144/rn put %root extender
321	dup 8#145/vr put %vertical rule
322	dup 8#146/ob put %outline bullet
323	dup 8#147/bu put %bullet
324	dup 8#150/ru put %rule
325	dup 8#151/ul put %underline
326	pop
327	/DITfd 100 dict def
328	/BuildChar{0 begin
329	/cc exch def /fd exch def
330	/charname fd /Encoding get cc get def
331	/charwid fd /Metrics get charname get def
332	/charproc fd /CharProcs get charname get def
333	charwid 0 fd /FontBBox get aload pop setcachedevice
334	2 setlinejoin 40 setlinewidth
335	newpath 0 0 moveto gsave charproc grestore
336	end}def
337	/BuildChar load 0 DITfd put
338	/CharProcs 50 dict def
339	CharProcs begin
340	/space{}def
341	/.notdef{}def
342	/ru{500 0 rls}def
343	/rn{0 840 moveto 500 0 rls}def
344	/vr{0 800 moveto 0 -770 rls}def
345	/bv{0 800 moveto 0 -1000 rls}def
346	/br{0 840 moveto 0 -1000 rls}def
347	/ul{0 -140 moveto 500 0 rls}def
348	/ob{200 250 rmoveto currentpoint newpath 200 0 360 arc closepath stroke}def
349	/bu{200 250 rmoveto currentpoint newpath 200 0 360 arc closepath fill}def
350	/sq{80 0 rmoveto currentpoint dround newpath moveto
351	640 0 rlineto 0 640 rlineto -640 0 rlineto closepath stroke}def
352	/bx{80 0 rmoveto currentpoint dround newpath moveto
353	640 0 rlineto 0 640 rlineto -640 0 rlineto closepath fill}def
354	/ci{500 360 rmoveto currentpoint newpath 333 0 360 arc
355	50 setlinewidth stroke}def
356
357	/lt{0 -200 moveto 0 550 rlineto currx 800 2cx s4 add exch s4 a4p stroke}def
358	/lb{0 800 moveto 0 -550 rlineto currx -200 2cx s4 add exch s4 a4p stroke}def
359	/rt{0 -200 moveto 0 550 rlineto currx 800 2cx s4 sub exch s4 a4p stroke}def
360	/rb{0 800 moveto 0 -500 rlineto currx -200 2cx s4 sub exch s4 a4p stroke}def
361	/lk{0 800 moveto 0 300 -300 300 s4 arcto pop pop 1000 sub
362	0 300 4 2 roll s4 a4p 0 -200 lineto stroke}def
363	/rk{0 800 moveto 0 300 s2 300 s4 arcto pop pop 1000 sub
364	0 300 4 2 roll s4 a4p 0 -200 lineto stroke}def
365	/lf{0 800 moveto 0 -1000 rlineto s4 0 rls}def
366	/rf{0 800 moveto 0 -1000 rlineto s4 neg 0 rls}def
367	/lc{0 -200 moveto 0 1000 rlineto s4 0 rls}def
368	/rc{0 -200 moveto 0 1000 rlineto s4 neg 0 rls}def
369	end
370
371	/Metrics 50 dict def Metrics begin
372	/.notdef 0 def
373	/space 500 def
374	/ru 500 def
375	/br 0 def
376	/lt 416 def
377	/lb 416 def
378	/rt 416 def
379	/rb 416 def
380	/lk 416 def
381	/rk 416 def
382	/rc 416 def
383	/lc 416 def
384	/rf 416 def
385	/lf 416 def
386	/bv 416 def
387	/ob 350 def
388	/bu 350 def
389	/ci 750 def
390	/bx 750 def
391	/sq 750 def
392	/rn 500 def
393	/ul 500 def
394	/vr 0 def
395	end
396
397	DITfd begin
398	/s2 500 def /s4 250 def /s3 333 def
399	/a4p{arcto pop pop pop pop}def
400	/2cx{2 copy exch}def
401	/rls{rlineto stroke}def
402	/currx{currentpoint pop}def
403	/dround{transform round exch round exch itransform} def
404	end
405	end
406	/DIThacks exch definefont pop
407	ditstart
408	(psc)xT
409	576 1 1 xr
410	1(Times-Roman)xf 1 f
411	2(Times-Italic)xf 2 f
412	3(Times-Bold)xf 3 f
413	4(Times-BoldItalic)xf 4 f
414	5(Helvetica)xf 5 f
415	6(Helvetica-Bold)xf 6 f
416	7(Courier)xf 7 f
417	8(Courier-Bold)xf 8 f
418	9(Symbol)xf 9 f
419	10(DIThacks)xf 10 f
420	10 s
421	1 f
422	xi
423	%%EndProlog
424
425	%%Page: 1 1
426	10 s 10 xH 0 xS 1 f
427	3 f
428	22 s
429	1249 626(A)N
430	1420(N)X
431	1547(ew)X
432	1796(H)X
433	1933(ashing)X
434	2467(P)X
435	2574(ackage)X
436	3136(for)X
437	3405(U)X
438	3532(N)X
439	3659(IX)X
440	2 f
441	20 s
442	3855 562(1)N
443	1 f
444	12 s
445	1607 779(Margo)N
446	1887(Seltzer)X
447	9 f
448	2179(-)X
449	1 f
450	2256(University)X
451	2686(of)X
452	2790(California,)X
453	3229(Berkeley)X
454	2015 875(Ozan)N
455	2242(Yigit)X
456	9 f
457	2464(-)X
458	1 f
459	2541(York)X
460	2762(University)X
461	3 f
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463	1 f
464	10 s
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466	1385(support)X
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468	1756(disk)X
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471	2497(was)X
472	2654(originally)X
473	2997(provided)X
474	3314(by)X
475	2 f
476	3426(dbm)X
477	1 f
478	3595([ATT79])X
479	3916(and)X
480	1152 1310(subsequently)N
481	1595(improved)X
482	1927(upon)X
483	2112(in)X
484	2 f
485	2199(ndbm)X
486	1 f
487	2402([BSD86].)X
488	2735(In)X
489	2826(AT&T)X
490	3068(System)X
491	3327(V,)X
492	3429(in-memory)X
493	3809(hashed)X
494	1152 1398(storage)N
495	1420(and)X
496	1572(access)X
497	1814(support)X
498	2090(was)X
499	2251(added)X
500	2479(in)X
501	2577(the)X
502	2 f
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504	1 f
505	3000(library)X
506	3249(routines)X
507	3542([ATT85].)X
508	3907(The)X
509	1152 1486(result)N
510	1367(is)X
511	1457(a)X
512	1530(system)X
513	1789(with)X
514	1968(two)X
515	2125(incompatible)X
516	2580(hashing)X
517	2865(schemes,)X
518	3193(each)X
519	3377(with)X
520	3555(its)X
521	3666(own)X
522	3840(set)X
523	3965(of)X
524	1152 1574(shortcomings.)N
525	1152 1688(This)N
526	1316(paper)X
527	1517(presents)X
528	1802(the)X
529	1922(design)X
530	2152(and)X
531	2289(performance)X
532	2717(characteristics)X
533	3198(of)X
534	3286(a)X
535	3343(new)X
536	3498(hashing)X
537	3768(package)X
538	1152 1776(providing)N
539	1483(a)X
540	1539(superset)X
541	1822(of)X
542	1909(the)X
543	2027(functionality)X
544	2456(provided)X
545	2761(by)X
546	2 f
547	2861(dbm)X
548	1 f
549	3019(and)X
550	2 f
551	3155(hsearch)X
552	1 f
553	3409(.)X
554	3469(The)X
555	3614(new)X
556	3768(package)X
557	1152 1864(uses)N
558	1322(linear)X
559	1537(hashing)X
560	1818(to)X
561	1912(provide)X
562	2189(ef\256cient)X
563	2484(support)X
564	2755(of)X
565	2853(both)X
566	3026(memory)X
567	3324(based)X
568	3538(and)X
569	3685(disk)X
570	3849(based)X
571	1152 1952(hash)N
572	1319(tables)X
573	1526(with)X
574	1688(performance)X
575	2115(superior)X
576	2398(to)X
577	2480(both)X
578	2 f
579	2642(dbm)X
580	1 f
581	2800(and)X
582	2 f
583	2936(hsearch)X
584	1 f
585	3210(under)X
586	3413(most)X
587	3588(conditions.)X
588	3 f
589	1380 2128(Introduction)N
590	1 f
591	892 2260(Current)N
592	1196(UNIX)X
593	1456(systems)X
594	1768(offer)X
595	1984(two)X
596	2163(forms)X
597	2409(of)X
598	720 2348(hashed)N
599	973(data)X
600	1137(access.)X
601	2 f
602	1413(Dbm)X
603	1 f
604	1599(and)X
605	1745(its)X
606	1850(derivatives)X
607	2231(provide)X
608	720 2436(keyed)N
609	939(access)X
610	1171(to)X
611	1259(disk)X
612	1418(resident)X
613	1698(data)X
614	1858(while)X
615	2 f
616	2062(hsearch)X
617	1 f
618	2342(pro-)X
619	720 2524(vides)N
620	929(access)X
621	1175(for)X
622	1309(memory)X
623	1616(resident)X
624	1910(data.)X
625	2124(These)X
626	2356(two)X
627	720 2612(access)N
628	979(methods)X
629	1302(are)X
630	1453(incompatible)X
631	1923(in)X
632	2037(that)X
633	2209(memory)X
634	720 2700(resident)N
635	1011(hash)X
636	1195(tables)X
637	1419(may)X
638	1593(not)X
639	1731(be)X
640	1843(stored)X
641	2075(on)X
642	2191(disk)X
643	2360(and)X
644	720 2788(disk)N
645	884(resident)X
646	1169(tables)X
647	1387(cannot)X
648	1632(be)X
649	1739(read)X
650	1909(into)X
651	2063(memory)X
652	2360(and)X
653	720 2876(accessed)N
654	1022(using)X
655	1215(the)X
656	1333(in-memory)X
657	1709(routines.)X
658	2 f
659	892 2990(Dbm)N
660	1 f
661	1091(has)X
662	1241(several)X
663	1512(shortcomings.)X
664	2026(Since)X
665	2247(data)X
666	2423(is)X
667	720 3078(assumed)N
668	1032(to)X
669	1130(be)X
670	1242(disk)X
671	1411(resident,)X
672	1721(each)X
673	1905(access)X
674	2146(requires)X
675	2440(a)X
676	720 3166(system)N
677	963(call,)X
678	1120(and)X
679	1257(almost)X
680	1491(certainly,)X
681	1813(a)X
682	1869(disk)X
683	2022(operation.)X
684	2365(For)X
685	720 3254(extremely)N
686	1072(large)X
687	1264(databases,)X
688	1623(where)X
689	1851(caching)X
690	2131(is)X
691	2214(unlikely)X
692	720 3342(to)N
693	810(be)X
694	914(effective,)X
695	1244(this)X
696	1386(is)X
697	1466(acceptable,)X
698	1853(however,)X
699	2177(when)X
700	2378(the)X
701	720 3430(database)N
702	1022(is)X
703	1100(small)X
704	1298(\(i.e.)X
705	1447(the)X
706	1569(password)X
707	1896(\256le\),)X
708	2069(performance)X
709	720 3518(improvements)N
710	1204(can)X
711	1342(be)X
712	1443(obtained)X
713	1744(through)X
714	2018(caching)X
715	2293(pages)X
716	720 3606(of)N
717	818(the)X
718	947(database)X
719	1255(in)X
720	1348(memory.)X
721	1685(In)X
722	1782(addition,)X
723	2 f
724	2094(dbm)X
725	1 f
726	2262(cannot)X
727	720 3694(store)N
728	902(data)X
729	1062(items)X
730	1261(whose)X
731	1492(total)X
732	1660(key)X
733	1802(and)X
734	1943(data)X
735	2102(size)X
736	2252(exceed)X
737	720 3782(the)N
738	850(page)X
739	1034(size)X
740	1191(of)X
741	1290(the)X
742	1420(hash)X
743	1599(table.)X
744	1827(Similarly,)X
745	2176(if)X
746	2257(two)X
747	2409(or)X
748	720 3870(more)N
749	907(keys)X
750	1076(produce)X
751	1357(the)X
752	1477(same)X
753	1664(hash)X
754	1833(value)X
755	2029(and)X
756	2166(their)X
757	2334(total)X
758	720 3958(size)N
759	876(exceeds)X
760	1162(the)X
761	1291(page)X
762	1474(size,)X
763	1650(the)X
764	1779(table)X
765	1966(cannot)X
766	2210(store)X
767	2396(all)X
768	720 4046(the)N
769	838(colliding)X
770	1142(keys.)X
771	892 4160(The)N
772	1050(in-memory)X
773	2 f
774	1439(hsearch)X
775	1 f
776	1725(routines)X
777	2015(have)X
778	2199(different)X
779	720 4248(shortcomings.)N
780	1219(First,)X
781	1413(the)X
782	1539(notion)X
783	1771(of)X
784	1865(a)X
785	1928(single)X
786	2146(hash)X
787	2320(table)X
788	720 4336(is)N
789	807(embedded)X
790	1171(in)X
791	1266(the)X
792	1397(interface,)X
793	1732(preventing)X
794	2108(an)X
795	2217(applica-)X
796	720 4424(tion)N
797	902(from)X
798	1116(accessing)X
799	1482(multiple)X
800	1806(tables)X
801	2050(concurrently.)X
802	720 4512(Secondly,)N
803	1063(the)X
804	1186(routine)X
805	1438(to)X
806	1525(create)X
807	1743(a)X
808	1804(hash)X
809	1976(table)X
810	2157(requires)X
811	2440(a)X
812	720 4600(parameter)N
813	1066(which)X
814	1286(declares)X
815	1573(the)X
816	1694(size)X
817	1842(of)X
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819	2053(hash)X
820	2223(table.)X
821	2422(If)X
822	720 4688(this)N
823	856(size)X
824	1001(is)X
825	1074(set)X
826	1183(too)X
827	1305(low,)X
828	1465(performance)X
829	1892(degradation)X
830	2291(or)X
831	2378(the)X
832	720 4776(inability)N
833	1008(to)X
834	1092(add)X
835	1230(items)X
836	1425(to)X
837	1509(the)X
838	1628(table)X
839	1805(may)X
840	1964(result.)X
841	2223(In)X
842	2311(addi-)X
843	720 4864(tion,)N
844	2 f
845	910(hsearch)X
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847	1210(requires)X
848	1515(that)X
849	1681(the)X
850	1825(application)X
851	2226(allocate)X
852	720 4952(memory)N
853	1037(for)X
854	1181(the)X
855	1329(key)X
856	1495(and)X
857	1661(data)X
858	1845(items.)X
859	2108(Lastly,)X
860	2378(the)X
861	2 f
862	720 5040(hsearch)N
863	1 f
864	1013(routines)X
865	1310(provide)X
866	1594(no)X
867	1713(interface)X
868	2034(to)X
869	2135(store)X
870	2329(hash)X
871	720 5128(tables)N
872	927(on)X
873	1027(disk.)X
874	16 s
875	720 5593 MXY
876	864 0 Dl
877	2 f
878	8 s
879	760 5648(1)N
880	1 f
881	9 s
882	5673(UNIX)Y
883	990(is)X
884	1056(a)X
885	1106(registered)X
886	1408(trademark)X
887	1718(of)X
888	1796(AT&T.)X
889	10 s
890	2878 2128(The)N
891	3032(goal)X
892	3199(of)X
893	3295(our)X
894	3431(work)X
895	3625(was)X
896	3779(to)X
897	3870(design)X
898	4108(and)X
899	4253(imple-)X
900	2706 2216(ment)N
901	2900(a)X
902	2970(new)X
903	3138(package)X
904	3436(that)X
905	3590(provides)X
906	3899(a)X
907	3968(superset)X
908	4264(of)X
909	4364(the)X
910	2706 2304(functionality)N
911	3144(of)X
912	3240(both)X
913	2 f
914	3411(dbm)X
915	1 f
916	3578(and)X
917	2 f
918	3723(hsearch)X
919	1 f
920	3977(.)X
921	4045(The)X
922	4198(package)X
923	2706 2392(had)N
924	2871(to)X
925	2982(overcome)X
926	3348(the)X
927	3495(interface)X
928	3826(shortcomings)X
929	4306(cited)X
930	2706 2480(above)N
931	2930(and)X
932	3078(its)X
933	3185(implementation)X
934	3719(had)X
935	3867(to)X
936	3961(provide)X
937	4238(perfor-)X
938	2706 2568(mance)N
939	2942(equal)X
940	3142(or)X
941	3235(superior)X
942	3524(to)X
943	3612(that)X
944	3758(of)X
945	3851(the)X
946	3975(existing)X
947	4253(imple-)X
948	2706 2656(mentations.)N
949	3152(In)X
950	3274(order)X
951	3498(to)X
952	3614(provide)X
953	3913(a)X
954	4003(compact)X
955	4329(disk)X
956	2706 2744(representation,)N
957	3224(graceful)X
958	3531(table)X
959	3729(growth,)X
960	4018(and)X
961	4176(expected)X
962	2706 2832(constant)N
963	3033(time)X
964	3234(performance,)X
965	3720(we)X
966	3873(selected)X
967	4191(Litwin's)X
968	2706 2920(linear)N
969	2923(hashing)X
970	3206(algorithm)X
971	3551([LAR88,)X
972	3872(LIT80].)X
973	4178(We)X
974	4324(then)X
975	2706 3008(enhanced)N
976	3037(the)X
977	3161(algorithm)X
978	3498(to)X
979	3586(handle)X
980	3826(page)X
981	4004(over\257ows)X
982	4346(and)X
983	2706 3096(large)N
984	2900(key)X
985	3049(handling)X
986	3362(with)X
987	3537(a)X
988	3606(single)X
989	3830(mechanism,)X
990	4248(named)X
991	2706 3184(buddy-in-waiting.)N
992	3 f
993	2975 3338(Existing)N
994	3274(UNIX)X
995	3499(Hashing)X
996	3802(Techniques)X
997	1 f
998	2878 3470(Over)N
999	3076(the)X
1000	3210(last)X
1001	3357(decade,)X
1002	3637(several)X
1003	3901(dynamic)X
1004	4213(hashing)X
1005	2706 3558(schemes)N
1006	3000(have)X
1007	3174(been)X
1008	3348(developed)X
1009	3700(for)X
1010	3816(the)X
1011	3936(UNIX)X
1012	4159(timeshar-)X
1013	2706 3646(ing)N
1014	2856(system,)X
1015	3146(starting)X
1016	3433(with)X
1017	3622(the)X
1018	3767(inclusion)X
1019	4107(of)X
1020	2 f
1021	4221(dbm)X
1022	1 f
1023	4359(,)X
1024	4426(a)X
1025	2706 3734(minimal)N
1026	3008(database)X
1027	3321(library)X
1028	3571(written)X
1029	3834(by)X
1030	3950(Ken)X
1031	4120(Thompson)X
1032	2706 3822([THOM90],)N
1033	3141(in)X
1034	3248(the)X
1035	3391(Seventh)X
1036	3694(Edition)X
1037	3974(UNIX)X
1038	4220(system.)X
1039	2706 3910(Since)N
1040	2916(then,)X
1041	3106(an)X
1042	3214(extended)X
1043	3536(version)X
1044	3804(of)X
1045	3903(the)X
1046	4032(same)X
1047	4228(library,)X
1048	2 f
1049	2706 3998(ndbm)N
1050	1 f
1051	2884(,)X
1052	2933(and)X
1053	3078(a)X
1054	3142(public-domain)X
1055	3637(clone)X
1056	3839(of)X
1057	3934(the)X
1058	4060(latter,)X
1059	2 f
1060	4273(sdbm)X
1061	1 f
1062	4442(,)X
1063	2706 4086(have)N
1064	2902(been)X
1065	3098(developed.)X
1066	3491(Another)X
1067	3797 0.1645(interface-compatible)AX
1068	2706 4174(library)N
1069	2 f
1070	2950(gdbm)X
1071	1 f
1072	3128(,)X
1073	3178(was)X
1074	3333(recently)X
1075	3622(made)X
1076	3826(available)X
1077	4145(as)X
1078	4241(part)X
1079	4395(of)X
1080	2706 4262(the)N
1081	2829(Free)X
1082	2997(Software)X
1083	3312(Foundation's)X
1084	3759(\(FSF\))X
1085	3970(software)X
1086	4271(distri-)X
1087	2706 4350(bution.)N
1088	2878 4464(All)N
1089	3017(of)X
1090	3121(these)X
1091	3323(implementations)X
1092	3893(are)X
1093	4029(based)X
1094	4248(on)X
1095	4364(the)X
1096	2706 4552(idea)N
1097	2871(of)X
1098	2969(revealing)X
1099	3299(just)X
1100	3445(enough)X
1101	3711(bits)X
1102	3856(of)X
1103	3953(a)X
1104	4019(hash)X
1105	4196(value)X
1106	4400(to)X
1107	2706 4640(locate)N
1108	2920(a)X
1109	2978(page)X
1110	3151(in)X
1111	3234(a)X
1112	3291(single)X
1113	3503(access.)X
1114	3770(While)X
1115	2 f
1116	3987(dbm/ndbm)X
1117	1 f
1118	4346(and)X
1119	2 f
1120	2706 4728(sdbm)N
1121	1 f
1122	2908(map)X
1123	3079(the)X
1124	3210(hash)X
1125	3390(value)X
1126	3597(directly)X
1127	3874(to)X
1128	3968(a)X
1129	4036(disk)X
1130	4201(address,)X
1131	2 f
1132	2706 4816(gdbm)N
1133	1 f
1134	2921(uses)X
1135	3096(the)X
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1137	3414(value)X
1138	3624(to)X
1139	3722(index)X
1140	3936(into)X
1141	4096(a)X
1142	2 f
1143	4168(directory)X
1144	1 f
1145	2706 4904([ENB88])N
1146	3020(containing)X
1147	3378(disk)X
1148	3531(addresses.)X
1149	2878 5018(The)N
1150	2 f
1151	3033(hsearch)X
1152	1 f
1153	3317(routines)X
1154	3605(in)X
1155	3697(System)X
1156	3962(V)X
1157	4049(are)X
1158	4177(designed)X
1159	2706 5106(to)N
1160	2804(provide)X
1161	3085(memory-resident)X
1162	3669(hash)X
1163	3852(tables.)X
1164	4115(Since)X
1165	4328(data)X
1166	2706 5194(access)N
1167	2948(does)X
1168	3131(not)X
1169	3269(require)X
1170	3533(disk)X
1171	3702(access,)X
1172	3964(simple)X
1173	4213(hashing)X
1174	2706 5282(schemes)N
1175	3010(which)X
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1177	3408(require)X
1178	3667(multiple)X
1179	3964(probes)X
1180	4209(into)X
1181	4364(the)X
1182	2706 5370(table)N
1183	2889(are)X
1184	3015(used.)X
1185	3209(A)X
1186	3294(more)X
1187	3486(interesting)X
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1190	2 f
1191	4208(hsearch)X
1192	1 f
1193	2706 5458(is)N
1194	2784(a)X
1195	2845(public)X
1196	3070(domain)X
1197	3335(library,)X
1198	2 f
1199	3594(dynahash)X
1200	1 f
1201	3901(,)X
1202	3945(that)X
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1204	2706 5546(Larson's)N
1205	3036(in-memory)X
1206	3440(adaptation)X
1207	3822([LAR88])X
1208	4164(of)X
1209	4279(linear)X
1210	2706 5634(hashing)N
1211	2975([LIT80].)X
1212	3 f
1213	720 5960(USENIX)N
1214	9 f
1215	1042(-)X
1216	3 f
1217	1106(Winter)X
1218	1371('91)X
1219	9 f
1220	1498(-)X
1221	3 f
1222	1562(Dallas,)X
1223	1815(TX)X
1224	1 f
1225	4424(1)X
1226
1227	2 p
1228	%%Page: 2 2
1229	10 s 10 xH 0 xS 1 f
1230	3 f
1231	432 258(A)N
1232	510(New)X
1233	682(Hashing)X
1234	985(Package)X
1235	1290(for)X
1236	1413(UNIX)X
1237	3663(Seltzer)X
1238	3920(&)X
1239	4007(Yigit)X
1240	2 f
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1242	1 f
1243	1232(and)X
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1245	1368(ndbm)X
1246	1 f
1247	604 670(The)N
1248	2 f
1249	760(dbm)X
1250	1 f
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1255	1282(library)X
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1257	2089(are)X
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1262	1166(algorithm)X
1263	1529(by)X
1264	1661(Ken)X
1265	1846(Thompson)X
1266	432 846([THOM90,)N
1267	824(TOR88,)X
1268	1113(WAL84],)X
1269	1452(but)X
1270	1582(differ)X
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1288	1601(for)X
1289	1728(multiple)X
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1291	432 1110(bases)N
1292	634(to)X
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1294	828(open)X
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1296	1484(The)X
1297	1636(discussion)X
1298	1996(of)X
1299	2090(the)X
1300	432 1198(algorithm)N
1301	774(that)X
1302	925(follows)X
1303	1196(is)X
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1315	604 1400(The)N
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1322	1535(calls)X
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1324	1836(\256xed-sized)X
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1338	819(to)X
1339	902(a)X
1340	959(bucket.)X
1341	1234(The)X
1342	1380(interface)X
1343	1683(routines)X
1344	1962(use)X
1345	2090(the)X
1346	2 f
1347	432 1664(access)N
1348	1 f
1349	673(function)X
1350	970(to)X
1351	1062(obtain)X
1352	1292(the)X
1353	1420(appropriate)X
1354	1816(bucket)X
1355	2060(in)X
1356	2152(a)X
1357	432 1752(single)N
1358	643(disk)X
1359	796(access.)X
1360	604 1866(Within)N
1361	869(the)X
1362	2 f
1363	1010(access)X
1364	1 f
1365	1263(function,)X
1366	1593(a)X
1367	1672(bit-randomizing)X
1368	432 1954(hash)N
1369	610(function)X
1370	2 f
1371	8 s
1372	877 1929(2)N
1373	1 f
1374	10 s
1375	940 1954(is)N
1376	1024(used)X
1377	1202(to)X
1378	1294(convert)X
1379	1565(a)X
1380	1631(key)X
1381	1777(into)X
1382	1931(a)X
1383	1997(32-bit)X
1384	432 2042(hash)N
1385	605(value.)X
1386	825(Out)X
1387	971(of)X
1388	1064(these)X
1389	1254(32)X
1390	1359(bits,)X
1391	1519(only)X
1392	1686(as)X
1393	1778(many)X
1394	1981(bits)X
1395	2121(as)X
1396	432 2130(necessary)N
1397	773(are)X
1398	900(used)X
1399	1075(to)X
1400	1165(determine)X
1401	1514(the)X
1402	1639(particular)X
1403	1974(bucket)X
1404	432 2218(on)N
1405	533(which)X
1406	750(a)X
1407	807(key)X
1408	944(resides.)X
1409	1228(An)X
1410	1347(in-memory)X
1411	1724(bitmap)X
1412	1967(is)X
1413	2041(used)X
1414	432 2306(to)N
1415	533(determine)X
1416	893(how)X
1417	1070(many)X
1418	1287(bits)X
1419	1441(are)X
1420	1579(required.)X
1421	1905(Each)X
1422	2104(bit)X
1423	432 2394(indicates)N
1424	746(whether)X
1425	1033(its)X
1426	1136(associated)X
1427	1494(bucket)X
1428	1736(has)X
1429	1871(been)X
1430	2051(split)X
1431	432 2482(yet)N
1432	562(\(a)X
1433	657(0)X
1434	728(indicating)X
1435	1079(that)X
1436	1230(the)X
1437	1359(bucket)X
1438	1604(has)X
1439	1742(not)X
1440	1875(yet)X
1441	2004(split\).)X
1442	432 2570(The)N
1443	590(use)X
1444	730(of)X
1445	830(the)X
1446	961(hash)X
1447	1141(function)X
1448	1441(and)X
1449	1590(the)X
1450	1720(bitmap)X
1451	1974(is)X
1452	2059(best)X
1453	432 2658(described)N
1454	769(by)X
1455	878(stepping)X
1456	1177(through)X
1457	1454(database)X
1458	1759(creation)X
1459	2046(with)X
1460	432 2746(multiple)N
1461	718(invocations)X
1462	1107(of)X
1463	1194(a)X
1464	2 f
1465	1250(store)X
1466	1 f
1467	1430(operation.)X
1468	604 2860(Initially,)N
1469	906(the)X
1470	1033(hash)X
1471	1209(table)X
1472	1394(contains)X
1473	1690(a)X
1474	1755(single)X
1475	1974(bucket)X
1476	432 2948(\(bucket)N
1477	711(0\),)X
1478	836(the)X
1479	972(bit)X
1480	1094(map)X
1481	1270(contains)X
1482	1575(a)X
1483	1649(single)X
1484	1878(bit)X
1485	2000(\(bit)X
1486	2148(0)X
1487	432 3036(corresponding)N
1488	913(to)X
1489	997(bucket)X
1490	1233(0\),)X
1491	1342(and)X
1492	1480(0)X
1493	1542(bits)X
1494	1699(of)X
1495	1788(a)X
1496	1846(hash)X
1497	2014(value)X
1498	432 3124(are)N
1499	560(examined)X
1500	901(to)X
1501	992(determine)X
1502	1342(where)X
1503	1568(a)X
1504	1633(key)X
1505	1778(is)X
1506	1860(placed)X
1507	2099(\(in)X
1508	432 3212(bucket)N
1509	670(0\).)X
1510	801(When)X
1511	1017(bucket)X
1512	1255(0)X
1513	1319(is)X
1514	1396(full,)X
1515	1551(its)X
1516	1650(bit)X
1517	1758(in)X
1518	1844(the)X
1519	1966(bitmap)X
1520	432 3300(\(bit)N
1521	564(0\))X
1522	652(is)X
1523	726(set,)X
1524	856(and)X
1525	993(its)X
1526	1089(contents)X
1527	1377(are)X
1528	1497(split)X
1529	1655(between)X
1530	1943(buckets)X
1531	432 3388(0)N
1532	499(and)X
1533	641(1,)X
1534	727(by)X
1535	833(considering)X
1536	1233(the)X
1537	1357(0)X
1538	2 f
1539	7 s
1540	3356(th)Y
1541	10 s
1542	1 f
1543	1480 3388(bit)N
1544	1590(\(the)X
1545	1741(lowest)X
1546	1976(bit)X
1547	2086(not)X
1548	432 3476(previously)N
1549	800(examined\))X
1550	1169(of)X
1551	1266(the)X
1552	1393(hash)X
1553	1569(value)X
1554	1772(for)X
1555	1895(each)X
1556	2072(key)X
1557	432 3564(within)N
1558	668(the)X
1559	798(bucket.)X
1560	1064(Given)X
1561	1292(a)X
1562	1359(well-designed)X
1563	1840(hash)X
1564	2018(func-)X
1565	432 3652(tion,)N
1566	613(approximately)X
1567	1112(half)X
1568	1273(of)X
1569	1376(the)X
1570	1510(keys)X
1571	1693(will)X
1572	1853(have)X
1573	2041(hash)X
1574	432 3740(values)N
1575	666(with)X
1576	837(the)X
1577	964(0)X
1578	2 f
1579	7 s
1580	3708(th)Y
1581	10 s
1582	1 f
1583	1090 3740(bit)N
1584	1203(set.)X
1585	1341(All)X
1586	1471(such)X
1587	1646(keys)X
1588	1821(and)X
1589	1965(associ-)X
1590	432 3828(ated)N
1591	586(data)X
1592	740(are)X
1593	859(moved)X
1594	1097(to)X
1595	1179(bucket)X
1596	1413(1,)X
1597	1493(and)X
1598	1629(the)X
1599	1747(rest)X
1600	1883(remain)X
1601	2126(in)X
1602	432 3916(bucket)N
1603	666(0.)X
1604	604 4030(After)N
1605	804(this)X
1606	949(split,)X
1607	1135(the)X
1608	1262(\256le)X
1609	1393(now)X
1610	1560(contains)X
1611	1856(two)X
1612	2005(buck-)X
1613	432 4118(ets,)N
1614	562(and)X
1615	699(the)X
1616	818(bitmap)X
1617	1061(contains)X
1618	1349(three)X
1619	1530(bits:)X
1620	1687(the)X
1621	1805(0)X
1622	2 f
1623	7 s
1624	4086(th)Y
1625	10 s
1626	1 f
1627	1922 4118(bit)N
1628	2026(is)X
1629	2099(set)X
1630	432 4206(to)N
1631	525(indicate)X
1632	810(a)X
1633	876(bucket)X
1634	1120(0)X
1635	1190(split)X
1636	1357(when)X
1637	1561(no)X
1638	1671(bits)X
1639	1816(of)X
1640	1913(the)X
1641	2041(hash)X
1642	432 4294(value)N
1643	648(are)X
1644	789(considered,)X
1645	1199(and)X
1646	1357(two)X
1647	1519(more)X
1648	1726(unset)X
1649	1937(bits)X
1650	2094(for)X
1651	432 4382(buckets)N
1652	706(0)X
1653	775(and)X
1654	920(1.)X
1655	1029(The)X
1656	1183(placement)X
1657	1542(of)X
1658	1638(an)X
1659	1742(incoming)X
1660	2072(key)X
1661	432 4470(now)N
1662	604(requires)X
1663	897(examination)X
1664	1327(of)X
1665	1428(the)X
1666	1560(0)X
1667	2 f
1668	7 s
1669	4438(th)Y
1670	10 s
1671	1 f
1672	1691 4470(bit)N
1673	1809(of)X
1674	1910(the)X
1675	2041(hash)X
1676	432 4558(value,)N
1677	667(and)X
1678	824(the)X
1679	963(key)X
1680	1119(is)X
1681	1212(placed)X
1682	1462(either)X
1683	1685(in)X
1684	1787(bucket)X
1685	2041(0)X
1686	2121(or)X
1687	432 4646(bucket)N
1688	674(1.)X
1689	782(If)X
1690	864(either)X
1691	1075(bucket)X
1692	1317(0)X
1693	1385(or)X
1694	1480(bucket)X
1695	1722(1)X
1696	1790(\256lls)X
1697	1937(up,)X
1698	2064(it)X
1699	2135(is)X
1700	432 4734(split)N
1701	598(as)X
1702	693(before,)X
1703	947(its)X
1704	1050(bit)X
1705	1162(is)X
1706	1243(set)X
1707	1360(in)X
1708	1450(the)X
1709	1576(bitmap,)X
1710	1846(and)X
1711	1990(a)X
1712	2054(new)X
1713	432 4822(set)N
1714	541(of)X
1715	628(unset)X
1716	817(bits)X
1717	952(are)X
1718	1071(added)X
1719	1283(to)X
1720	1365(the)X
1721	1483(bitmap.)X
1722	604 4936(Each)N
1723	791(time)X
1724	959(we)X
1725	1079(consider)X
1726	1376(a)X
1727	1437(new)X
1728	1596(bit)X
1729	1705(\(bit)X
1730	1841(n\),)X
1731	1953(we)X
1732	2072(add)X
1733	432 5024(2)N
1734	2 f
1735	7 s
1736	4992(n)Y
1737	9 f
1738	509(+)X
1739	1 f
1740	540(1)X
1741	10 s
1742	595 5024(bits)N
1743	737(to)X
1744	826(the)X
1745	951(bitmap)X
1746	1199(and)X
1747	1341(obtain)X
1748	1567(2)X
1749	2 f
1750	7 s
1751	4992(n)Y
1752	9 f
1753	1644(+)X
1754	1 f
1755	1675(1)X
1756	10 s
1757	1729 5024(more)N
1758	1920(address-)X
1759	432 5112(able)N
1760	595(buckets)X
1761	869(in)X
1762	960(the)X
1763	1087(\256le.)X
1764	1258(As)X
1765	1376(a)X
1766	1441(result,)X
1767	1668(the)X
1768	1795(bitmap)X
1769	2045(con-)X
1770	432 5200(tains)N
1771	618(the)X
1772	751(previous)X
1773	1062(2)X
1774	2 f
1775	7 s
1776	5168(n)Y
1777	9 f
1778	1139(+)X
1779	1 f
1780	1170(1)X
1781	2 f
1782	10 s
1783	9 f
1784	5200(-)Y
1785	1 f
1786	1242(1)X
1787	1317(bits)X
1788	1467(\(1)X
1789	2 f
1790	9 f
1791	1534(+)X
1792	1 f
1793	1578(2)X
1794	2 f
1795	9 f
1796	(+)S
1797	1 f
1798	1662(4)X
1799	2 f
1800	9 f
1801	(+)S
1802	1 f
1803	1746(...)X
1804	2 f
1805	9 f
1806	(+)S
1807	1 f
1808	1850(2)X
1809	2 f
1810	7 s
1811	5168(n)Y
1812	10 s
1813	1 f
1814	1931 5200(\))N
1815	1992(which)X
1816	432 5288(trace)N
1817	649(the)X
1818	807(entire)X
1819	2 f
1820	1050(split)X
1821	1247(history)X
1822	1 f
1823	1529(of)X
1824	1656(the)X
1825	1813(addressable)X
1826	16 s
1827	432 5433 MXY
1828	864 0 Dl
1829	2 f
1830	8 s
1831	472 5488(2)N
1832	1 f
1833	9 s
1834	523 5513(This)N
1835	670(bit-randomizing)X
1836	1153(property)X
1837	1416(is)X
1838	1482(important)X
1839	1780(to)X
1840	1854(obtain)X
1841	2052(radi-)X
1842	432 5593(cally)N
1843	599(different)X
1844	874(hash)X
1845	1033(values)X
1846	1244(for)X
1847	1355(nearly)X
1848	1562(identical)X
1849	1836(keys,)X
1850	2012(which)X
1851	432 5673(in)N
1852	506(turn)X
1853	640(avoids)X
1854	846(clustering)X
1855	1148(of)X
1856	1226(such)X
1857	1376(keys)X
1858	1526(in)X
1859	1600(a)X
1860	1650(single)X
1861	1840(bucket.)X
1862	10 s
1863	2418 538(buckets.)N
1864	2590 652(Given)N
1865	2809(a)X
1866	2868(key)X
1867	3007(and)X
1868	3146(the)X
1869	3267(bitmap)X
1870	3512(created)X
1871	3768(by)X
1872	3871(this)X
1873	4009(algo-)X
1874	2418 740(rithm,)N
1875	2638(we)X
1876	2759(\256rst)X
1877	2910(examine)X
1878	3209(bit)X
1879	3320(0)X
1880	3386(of)X
1881	3479(the)X
1882	3603(bitmap)X
1883	3851(\(the)X
1884	4002(bit)X
1885	4112(to)X
1886	2418 828(consult)N
1887	2673(when)X
1888	2871(0)X
1889	2934(bits)X
1890	3072(of)X
1891	3162(the)X
1892	3283(hash)X
1893	3453(value)X
1894	3650(are)X
1895	3772(being)X
1896	3973(exam-)X
1897	2418 916(ined\).)N
1898	2631(If)X
1899	2713(it)X
1900	2785(is)X
1901	2866(set)X
1902	2982(\(indicating)X
1903	3356(that)X
1904	3503(the)X
1905	3628(bucket)X
1906	3869(split\),)X
1907	4080(we)X
1908	2418 1004(begin)N
1909	2617(considering)X
1910	3012(the)X
1911	3131(bits)X
1912	3267(of)X
1913	3355(the)X
1914	3473(32-bit)X
1915	3684(hash)X
1916	3851(value.)X
1917	4085(As)X
1918	2418 1092(bit)N
1919	2525(n)X
1920	2587(is)X
1921	2662(revealed,)X
1922	2977(a)X
1923	3035(mask)X
1924	3226(equal)X
1925	3422(to)X
1926	3506(2)X
1927	2 f
1928	7 s
1929	1060(n)Y
1930	9 f
1931	3583(+)X
1932	1 f
1933	3614(1)X
1934	2 f
1935	10 s
1936	9 f
1937	1092(-)Y
1938	1 f
1939	3686(1)X
1940	3748(will)X
1941	3894(yield)X
1942	4076(the)X
1943	2418 1180(current)N
1944	2675(bucket)X
1945	2918(address.)X
1946	3228(Adding)X
1947	3496(2)X
1948	2 f
1949	7 s
1950	1148(n)Y
1951	9 f
1952	3573(+)X
1953	1 f
1954	3604(1)X
1955	2 f
1956	10 s
1957	9 f
1958	1180(-)Y
1959	1 f
1960	3676(1)X
1961	3744(to)X
1962	3834(the)X
1963	3960(bucket)X
1964	2418 1268(address)N
1965	2701(identi\256es)X
1966	3035(which)X
1967	3272(bit)X
1968	3397(in)X
1969	3500(the)X
1970	3639(bitmap)X
1971	3902(must)X
1972	4098(be)X
1973	2418 1356(checked.)N
1974	2743(We)X
1975	2876(continue)X
1976	3173(revealing)X
1977	3493(bits)X
1978	3628(of)X
1979	3715(the)X
1980	3833(hash)X
1981	4000(value)X
1982	2418 1444(until)N
1983	2591(all)X
1984	2698(set)X
1985	2814(bits)X
1986	2955(in)X
1987	3043(the)X
1988	3167(bitmap)X
1989	3415(are)X
1990	3540(exhausted.)X
1991	3907(The)X
1992	4058(fol-)X
1993	2418 1532(lowing)N
1994	2682(algorithm,)X
1995	3055(a)X
1996	3133(simpli\256cation)X
1997	3614(of)X
1998	3723(the)X
1999	3863(algorithm)X
2000	2418 1620(due)N
2001	2565(to)X
2002	2658(Ken)X
2003	2823(Thompson)X
2004	3196([THOM90,)X
2005	3590(TOR88],)X
2006	3908(uses)X
2007	4076(the)X
2008	2418 1708(hash)N
2009	2625(value)X
2010	2839(and)X
2011	2995(the)X
2012	3133(bitmap)X
2013	3395(to)X
2014	3497(calculate)X
2015	3823(the)X
2016	3960(bucket)X
2017	2418 1796(address)N
2018	2679(as)X
2019	2766(discussed)X
2020	3093(above.)X
2021	0(Courier)xf 0 f
2022	1 f
2023	0 f
2024	8 s
2025	2418 2095(hash)N
2026	2608(=)X
2027	2684 -0.4038(calchash\(key\);)AX
2028	2418 2183(mask)N
2029	2608(=)X
2030	2684(0;)X
2031	2418 2271(while)N
2032	2646 -0.4018(\(isbitset\(\(hash)AX
2033	3254(&)X
2034	3330(mask\))X
2035	3558(+)X
2036	3634(mask\)\))X
2037	2706 2359(mask)N
2038	2896(=)X
2039	2972(\(mask)X
2040	3200(<<)X
2041	3314(1\))X
2042	3428(+)X
2043	3504(1;)X
2044	2418 2447(bucket)N
2045	2684(=)X
2046	2760(hash)X
2047	2950(&)X
2048	3026(mask;)X
2049	2 f
2050	10 s
2051	3211 2812(sdbm)N
2052	1 f
2053	2590 2944(The)N
2054	2 f
2055	2738(sdbm)X
2056	1 f
2057	2930(library)X
2058	3167(is)X
2059	3243(a)X
2060	3302(public-domain)X
2061	3791(clone)X
2062	3987(of)X
2063	4076(the)X
2064	2 f
2065	2418 3032(ndbm)N
2066	1 f
2067	2638(library,)X
2068	2914(developed)X
2069	3286(by)X
2070	3408(Ozan)X
2071	3620(Yigit)X
2072	3826(to)X
2073	3929(provide)X
2074	2 f
2075	2418 3120(ndbm)N
2076	1 f
2077	2596('s)X
2078	2692(functionality)X
2079	3139(under)X
2080	3359(some)X
2081	3565(versions)X
2082	3869(of)X
2083	3973(UNIX)X
2084	2418 3208(that)N
2085	2559(exclude)X
2086	2830(it)X
2087	2894(for)X
2088	3008(licensing)X
2089	3317(reasons)X
2090	3578([YIG89].)X
2091	3895(The)X
2092	4040(pro-)X
2093	2418 3296(grammer)N
2094	2735(interface,)X
2095	3064(and)X
2096	3207(the)X
2097	3332(basic)X
2098	3524(structure)X
2099	3832(of)X
2100	2 f
2101	3926(sdbm)X
2102	1 f
2103	4121(is)X
2104	2418 3384(identical)N
2105	2733(to)X
2106	2 f
2107	2834(ndbm)X
2108	1 f
2109	3051(but)X
2110	3192(internal)X
2111	3476(details)X
2112	3723(of)X
2113	3828(the)X
2114	2 f
2115	3964(access)X
2116	1 f
2117	2418 3472(function,)N
2118	2726(such)X
2119	2894(as)X
2120	2982(the)X
2121	3101(calculation)X
2122	3474(of)X
2123	3561(the)X
2124	3679(bucket)X
2125	3913(address,)X
2126	2418 3560(and)N
2127	2563(the)X
2128	2690(use)X
2129	2825(of)X
2130	2920(different)X
2131	3225(hash)X
2132	3400(functions)X
2133	3726(make)X
2134	3928(the)X
2135	4054(two)X
2136	2418 3648(incompatible)N
2137	2856(at)X
2138	2934(the)X
2139	3052(database)X
2140	3349(level.)X
2141	2590 3762(The)N
2142	2 f
2143	2740(sdbm)X
2144	1 f
2145	2934(library)X
2146	3173(is)X
2147	3251(based)X
2148	3458(on)X
2149	3562(a)X
2150	3622(simpli\256ed)X
2151	3965(imple-)X
2152	2418 3850(mentation)N
2153	2778(of)X
2154	2885(Larson's)X
2155	3206(1978)X
2156	2 f
2157	3406(dynamic)X
2158	3717(hashing)X
2159	1 f
2160	4009(algo-)X
2161	2418 3938(rithm)N
2162	2616(including)X
2163	2943(the)X
2164	2 f
2165	3066(re\256nements)X
2166	3461(and)X
2167	3605(variations)X
2168	1 f
2169	3953(of)X
2170	4044(sec-)X
2171	2418 4026(tion)N
2172	2562(5)X
2173	2622([LAR78].)X
2174	2956(Larson's)X
2175	3257(original)X
2176	3526(algorithm)X
2177	3857(calls)X
2178	4024(for)X
2179	4138(a)X
2180	2418 4114(forest)N
2181	2635(of)X
2182	2736(binary)X
2183	2975(hash)X
2184	3156(trees)X
2185	3341(that)X
2186	3494(are)X
2187	3626(accessed)X
2188	3941(by)X
2189	4054(two)X
2190	2418 4202(hash)N
2191	2586(functions.)X
2192	2925(The)X
2193	3071(\256rst)X
2194	3216(hash)X
2195	3384(function)X
2196	3672(selects)X
2197	3907(a)X
2198	3964(partic-)X
2199	2418 4290(ular)N
2200	2571(tree)X
2201	2720(within)X
2202	2952(the)X
2203	3078(forest.)X
2204	3309(The)X
2205	3462(second)X
2206	3713(hash)X
2207	3887(function,)X
2208	2418 4378(which)N
2209	2659(is)X
2210	2757(required)X
2211	3070(to)X
2212	3177(be)X
2213	3297(a)X
2214	3377(boolean)X
2215	3675(pseudo-random)X
2216	2418 4466(number)N
2217	2687(generator)X
2218	3015(that)X
2219	3159(is)X
2220	3236(seeded)X
2221	3479(by)X
2222	3583(the)X
2223	3705(key,)X
2224	3865(is)X
2225	3942(used)X
2226	4112(to)X
2227	2418 4554(traverse)N
2228	2733(the)X
2229	2890(tree)X
2230	3070(until)X
2231	3275(internal)X
2232	3579(\(split\))X
2233	3829(nodes)X
2234	4075(are)X
2235	2418 4642(exhausted)N
2236	2763(and)X
2237	2903(an)X
2238	3003(external)X
2239	3286(\(non-split\))X
2240	3648(node)X
2241	3827(is)X
2242	3903(reached.)X
2243	2418 4730(The)N
2244	2571(bucket)X
2245	2813(addresses)X
2246	3149(are)X
2247	3276(stored)X
2248	3500(directly)X
2249	3772(in)X
2250	3861(the)X
2251	3986(exter-)X
2252	2418 4818(nal)N
2253	2536(nodes.)X
2254	2590 4932(Larson's)N
2255	2903(re\256nements)X
2256	3309(are)X
2257	3440(based)X
2258	3655(on)X
2259	3767(the)X
2260	3897(observa-)X
2261	2418 5020(tion)N
2262	2570(that)X
2263	2718(the)X
2264	2844(nodes)X
2265	3059(can)X
2266	3199(be)X
2267	3303(represented)X
2268	3702(by)X
2269	3809(a)X
2270	3872(single)X
2271	4090(bit)X
2272	2418 5108(that)N
2273	2569(is)X
2274	2653(set)X
2275	2773(for)X
2276	2898(internal)X
2277	3174(nodes)X
2278	3392(and)X
2279	3539(not)X
2280	3672(set)X
2281	3791(for)X
2282	3915(external)X
2283	2418 5196(nodes,)N
2284	2652(resulting)X
2285	2959(in)X
2286	3048(a)X
2287	3111(radix)X
2288	3303(search)X
2289	3536(trie.)X
2290	3709(Figure)X
2291	3944(1)X
2292	4010(illus-)X
2293	2418 5284(trates)N
2294	2621(this.)X
2295	2804(Nodes)X
2296	3037(A)X
2297	3123(and)X
2298	3267(B)X
2299	3348(are)X
2300	3475(internal)X
2301	3748(\(split\))X
2302	3967(nodes,)X
2303	2418 5372(thus)N
2304	2573(having)X
2305	2813(no)X
2306	2915(bucket)X
2307	3151(addresses)X
2308	3480(associated)X
2309	3831(with)X
2310	3994(them.)X
2311	2418 5460(Instead,)N
2312	2693(the)X
2313	2814(external)X
2314	3096(nodes)X
2315	3306(\(C,)X
2316	3429(D,)X
2317	3530(and)X
2318	3669(E\))X
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2320	3938(need)X
2321	4112(to)X
2322	2418 5548(refer)N
2323	2594(to)X
2324	2679(a)X
2325	2738(bucket)X
2326	2975(address.)X
2327	3279(These)X
2328	3494(bucket)X
2329	3731(addresses)X
2330	4062(can)X
2331	2418 5636(be)N
2332	2529(stored)X
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2335	2990(trie)X
2336	3132(itself)X
2337	3327(where)X
2338	3559(the)X
2339	3691(subtries)X
2340	3974(would)X
2341	3 f
2342	432 5960(2)N
2343	2970(USENIX)X
2344	9 f
2345	3292(-)X
2346	3 f
2347	3356(Winter)X
2348	3621('91)X
2349	9 f
2350	3748(-)X
2351	3 f
2352	3812(Dallas,)X
2353	4065(TX)X
2354
2355	3 p
2356	%%Page: 3 3
2357	0(Courier)xf 0 f
2358	10 s 10 xH 0 xS 0 f
2359	3 f
2360	720 258(Seltzer)N
2361	977(&)X
2362	1064(Yigit)X
2363	3278(A)X
2364	3356(New)X
2365	3528(Hashing)X
2366	3831(Package)X
2367	4136(for)X
2368	4259(UNIX)X
2369	1 f
2370	720 538(live)N
2371	862(if)X
2372	933(they)X
2373	1092(existed)X
2374	1340([KNU68].)X
2375	1709(For)X
2376	1841(example,)X
2377	2154(if)X
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2380	720 626(and)N
2381	858(G)X
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2385	1522(of)X
2386	1610(node)X
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2389	2000(bucket)X
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2391	720 714(L00)N
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2393	1101(reside)X
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2396	1563(bits)X
2397	1714(that)X
2398	1870(will)X
2399	2030(eventually)X
2400	2400(be)X
2401	720 802(used)N
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2405	1352(F)X
2406	1416(and)X
2407	1552(G)X
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2410	1866(their)X
2411	2033(children.)X
2412	10 f
2413	720 890 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
2414	3 f
2415	1894 2247(L1)N
2416	784 1925(A)N
2417	1431(E)X
2418	1106 2247(D)N
2419	1428 1281(C)N
2420	1109 1603(B)N
2421	1884 1930(L01)N
2422	1879 1286(L00)N
2423	1221 1814(1)N
2424	903 2131(1)N
2425	1221 1402(0)N
2426	903 1714(0)N
2427	1 Dt
2428	1397 1821 MXY
2429	-8 -32 Dl
2430	-5 19 Dl
2431	-20 6 Dl
2432	33 7 Dl
2433	-187 -182 Dl
2434	1397 1322 MXY
2435	-33 7 Dl
2436	20 6 Dl
2437	5 19 Dl
2438	8 -32 Dl
2439	-187 182 Dl
2440	1069 1639 MXY
2441	-32 7 Dl
2442	20 6 Dl
2443	5 19 Dl
2444	7 -32 Dl
2445	-186 182 Dl
2446	1374 1891 MXY
2447	185 Dc
2448	1779 2133 MXY
2449	0 161 Dl
2450	322 0 Dl
2451	0 -161 Dl
2452	-322 0 Dl
2453	1811 MY
2454	0 161 Dl
2455	322 0 Dl
2456	0 -161 Dl
2457	-322 0 Dl
2458	1166 MY
2459	0 161 Dl
2460	322 0 Dl
2461	0 -161 Dl
2462	-322 0 Dl
2463	1052 2213 MXY
2464	185 Dc
2465	1569 MY
2466	185 Dc
2467	720 1881 MXY
2468	185 Dc
2469	1779 2213 MXY
2470	-28 -17 Dl
2471	10 17 Dl
2472	-10 18 Dl
2473	28 -18 Dl
2474	-543 0 Dl
2475	1769 1891 MXY
2476	-28 -18 Dl
2477	10 18 Dl
2478	-10 18 Dl
2479	28 -18 Dl
2480	-201 0 Dl
2481	1364 1247 MXY
2482	185 Dc
2483	1769 MX
2484	-28 -18 Dl
2485	10 18 Dl
2486	-10 18 Dl
2487	28 -18 Dl
2488	-201 0 Dl
2489	1064 2143 MXY
2490	-7 -32 Dl
2491	-5 19 Dl
2492	-20 6 Dl
2493	32 7 Dl
2494	-181 -181 Dl
2495	3 Dt
2496	-1 Ds
2497	8 s
2498	720 2482(Figure)N
2499	925(1:)X
2500	1 f
2501	1002(Radix)X
2502	1179(search)X
2503	1365(trie)X
2504	1474(with)X
2505	1612(internal)X
2506	1831(nodes)X
2507	2004(A)X
2508	2074(and)X
2509	2189(B,)X
2510	2271(external)X
2511	720 2570(nodes)N
2512	891(C,)X
2513	972(D,)X
2514	1056(and)X
2515	1170(E,)X
2516	1247(and)X
2517	1361(bucket)X
2518	1553(addresses)X
2519	1819(stored)X
2520	1997(in)X
2521	2069(the)X
2522	2168(unused)X
2523	2370(por-)X
2524	720 2658(tion)N
2525	836(of)X
2526	905(the)X
2527	999(trie.)X
2528	10 s
2529	10 f
2530	720 2922 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
2531	1 f
2532	892 3124(Further)N
2533	1153(simpli\256cations)X
2534	1647(of)X
2535	1738(the)X
2536	1860(above)X
2537	2076([YIG89])X
2538	2377(are)X
2539	720 3212(possible.)N
2540	1038(Using)X
2541	1265(a)X
2542	1337(single)X
2543	1564(radix)X
2544	1765(trie)X
2545	1908(to)X
2546	2006(avoid)X
2547	2219(the)X
2548	2352(\256rst)X
2549	720 3300(hash)N
2550	904(function,)X
2551	1227(replacing)X
2552	1562(the)X
2553	1696(pseudo-random)X
2554	2231(number)X
2555	720 3388(generator)N
2556	1052(with)X
2557	1222(a)X
2558	1286(well)X
2559	1452(designed,)X
2560	1785(bit-randomizing)X
2561	2329(hash)X
2562	720 3476(function,)N
2563	1053(and)X
2564	1215(using)X
2565	1434(the)X
2566	1578(portion)X
2567	1855(of)X
2568	1967(the)X
2569	2110(hash)X
2570	2302(value)X
2571	720 3564(exposed)N
2572	1021(during)X
2573	1268(the)X
2574	1404(trie)X
2575	1549(traversal)X
2576	1864(as)X
2577	1969(a)X
2578	2042(direct)X
2579	2262(bucket)X
2580	720 3652(address)N
2581	990(results)X
2582	1228(in)X
2583	1319(an)X
2584	2 f
2585	1424(access)X
2586	1 f
2587	1663(function)X
2588	1959(that)X
2589	2108(works)X
2590	2333(very)X
2591	720 3740(similar)N
2592	974(to)X
2593	1068(Thompson's)X
2594	1499(algorithm)X
2595	1841(above.)X
2596	2084(The)X
2597	2240(follow-)X
2598	720 3828(ing)N
2599	847(algorithm)X
2600	1183(uses)X
2601	1346(the)X
2602	1469(hash)X
2603	1641(value)X
2604	1840(to)X
2605	1927(traverse)X
2606	2206(a)X
2607	2266(linear-)X
2608	720 3916(ized)N
2609	874(radix)X
2610	1059(trie)X
2611	2 f
2612	8 s
2613	1166 3891(3)N
2614	1 f
2615	10 s
2616	1218 3916(starting)N
2617	1478(at)X
2618	1556(the)X
2619	1674(0)X
2620	2 f
2621	7 s
2622	3884(th)Y
2623	10 s
2624	1 f
2625	1791 3916(bit.)N
2626	0 f
2627	8 s
2628	720 4215(tbit)N
2629	910(=)X
2630	986(0;)X
2631	1296(/*)X
2632	1410(radix)X
2633	1638(trie)X
2634	1828(index)X
2635	2056(*/)X
2636	720 4303(hbit)N
2637	910(=)X
2638	986(0;)X
2639	1296(/*)X
2640	1410(hash)X
2641	1600(bit)X
2642	1752(index)X
2643	2056(*/)X
2644	720 4391(mask)N
2645	910(=)X
2646	986(0;)X
2647	720 4479(hash)N
2648	910(=)X
2649	986 -0.4038(calchash\(key\);)AX
2650	720 4655(for)N
2651	872(\(mask)X
2652	1100(=)X
2653	1176(0;)X
2654	910 4743 -0.4018(isbitset\(tbit\);)AN
2655	910 4831(mask)N
2656	1100(=)X
2657	1176(\(mask)X
2658	1404(<<)X
2659	1518(1\))X
2660	1632(+)X
2661	1708(1\))X
2662	1008 4919(if)N
2663	1122(\(hash)X
2664	1350(&)X
2665	1426(\(1)X
2666	1540(<<)X
2667	1654 -0.4219(hbit++\)\)\))AX
2668	1160 5007(/*)N
2669	1274(right)X
2670	1502(son)X
2671	1692(*/)X
2672	1160 5095(tbit)N
2673	1350(=)X
2674	1426(2)X
2675	1502(*)X
2676	1578(tbit)X
2677	1768(+)X
2678	1844(2;)X
2679	1008 5183(else)N
2680	1 f
2681	16 s
2682	720 5353 MXY
2683	864 0 Dl
2684	2 f
2685	8 s
2686	760 5408(3)N
2687	1 f
2688	9 s
2689	818 5433(A)N
2690	896(linearized)X
2691	1206(radix)X
2692	1380(trie)X
2693	1502(is)X
2694	1576(merely)X
2695	1802(an)X
2696	1895(array)X
2697	2068(representation)X
2698	720 5513(of)N
2699	800(the)X
2700	908(radix)X
2701	1076(search)X
2702	1280(trie)X
2703	1396(described)X
2704	1692(above.)X
2705	1920(The)X
2706	2052(children)X
2707	2308(of)X
2708	2388(the)X
2709	720 5593(node)N
2710	885(with)X
2711	1038(index)X
2712	1223(i)X
2713	1267(can)X
2714	1391(be)X
2715	1483(found)X
2716	1675(at)X
2717	1751(the)X
2718	1863(nodes)X
2719	2055(indexed)X
2720	2307(2*i+1)X
2721	720 5673(and)N
2722	842(2*i+2.)X
2723	0 f
2724	8 s
2725	3146 538(/*)N
2726	3260(left)X
2727	3450(son)X
2728	3678(*/)X
2729	3146 626(tbit)N
2730	3336(=)X
2731	3412(2)X
2732	3488(*)X
2733	3564(tbit)X
2734	3754(+)X
2735	3830(1;)X
2736	2706 802(bucket)N
2737	2972(=)X
2738	3048(hash)X
2739	3238(&)X
2740	3314(mask;)X
2741	2 f
2742	10 s
2743	3495 1167(gdbm)N
2744	1 f
2745	2878 1299(The)N
2746	3027(gdbm)X
2747	3233(\(GNU)X
2748	3458(data)X
2749	3616(base)X
2750	3783(manager\))X
2751	4111(library)X
2752	4349(is)X
2753	4426(a)X
2754	2706 1387(UNIX)N
2755	2933(database)X
2756	3236(manager)X
2757	3539(written)X
2758	3792(by)X
2759	3897(Philip)X
2760	4112(A.)X
2761	4215(Nelson,)X
2762	2706 1475(and)N
2763	2848(made)X
2764	3048(available)X
2765	3364(as)X
2766	3457(a)X
2767	3518(part)X
2768	3668(of)X
2769	3760(the)X
2770	3883(FSF)X
2771	4040(software)X
2772	4342(dis-)X
2773	2706 1563(tribution.)N
2774	3052(The)X
2775	3207(gdbm)X
2776	3419(library)X
2777	3663(provides)X
2778	3969(the)X
2779	4097(same)X
2780	4292(func-)X
2781	2706 1651(tionality)N
2782	3028(of)X
2783	3151(the)X
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2785	3304(dbm)X
2786	1 f
2787	3442(/)X
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2789	3464(ndbm)X
2790	1 f
2791	3697(libraries)X
2792	4015([NEL90])X
2793	4360(but)X
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2795	3018(to)X
2796	3121(avoid)X
2797	3340(some)X
2798	3550(of)X
2799	3658(their)X
2800	3846(shortcomings.)X
2801	4337(The)X
2802	2706 1827(gdbm)N
2803	2918(library)X
2804	3162(allows)X
2805	3401(for)X
2806	3525(arbitrary-length)X
2807	4059(data,)X
2808	4242(and)X
2809	4387(its)X
2810	2706 1915(database)N
2811	3027(is)X
2812	3124(a)X
2813	3203(singular,)X
2814	3524(non-sparse)X
2815	2 f
2816	8 s
2817	3872 1890(4)N
2818	1 f
2819	10 s
2820	3947 1915(\256le.)N
2821	4112(The)X
2822	4280(gdbm)X
2823	2706 2003(library)N
2824	2947(also)X
2825	3103(includes)X
2826	2 f
2827	3396(dbm)X
2828	1 f
2829	3560(and)X
2830	2 f
2831	3702(ndbm)X
2832	1 f
2833	3906(compatible)X
2834	4288(inter-)X
2835	2706 2091(faces.)N
2836	2878 2205(The)N
2837	3025(gdbm)X
2838	3229(library)X
2839	3465(is)X
2840	3540(based)X
2841	3745(on)X
2842	2 f
2843	3847(extensible)X
2844	4189(hashing)X
2845	1 f
2846	4442(,)X
2847	2706 2293(a)N
2848	2766(dynamic)X
2849	3066(hashing)X
2850	3339(algorithm)X
2851	3674(by)X
2852	3778(Fagin)X
2853	3984(et)X
2854	4066(al)X
2855	4148([FAG79].)X
2856	2706 2381(This)N
2857	2881(algorithm)X
2858	3225(differs)X
2859	3467(from)X
2860	3655(the)X
2861	3785(previously)X
2862	4155(discussed)X
2863	2706 2469(algorithms)N
2864	3069(in)X
2865	3152(that)X
2866	3293(it)X
2867	3358(uses)X
2868	3517(a)X
2869	2 f
2870	3574(directory)X
2871	1 f
2872	3889(that)X
2873	4030(is)X
2874	4103(a)X
2875	4159(collapsed)X
2876	2706 2557(representation)N
2877	3192([ENB88])X
2878	3517(of)X
2879	3615(the)X
2880	3744(radix)X
2881	3940(search)X
2882	4177(trie)X
2883	4315(used)X
2884	2706 2645(by)N
2885	2 f
2886	2806(sdbm)X
2887	1 f
2888	2975(.)X
2889	10 f
2890	2706 2733 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
2891	3 f
2892	7 s
2893	3572 3761(L1)N
2894	1 Dt
2895	3485 3738 MXY
2896	-20 -13 Dl
2897	7 13 Dl
2898	-7 13 Dl
2899	20 -13 Dl
2900	-400 0 Dl
2901	3180 3027 MXY
2902	136 Dc
2903	2706 3494 MXY
2904	136 Dc
2905	2950 3264 MXY
2906	136 Dc
2907	3738 MY
2908	136 Dc
2909	3485 2968 MXY
2910	0 118 Dl
2911	238 0 Dl
2912	0 -118 Dl
2913	-238 0 Dl
2914	3442 MY
2915	0 119 Dl
2916	238 0 Dl
2917	0 -119 Dl
2918	-238 0 Dl
2919	3679 MY
2920	0 119 Dl
2921	238 0 Dl
2922	0 -119 Dl
2923	-238 0 Dl
2924	3187 3501 MXY
2925	136 Dc
2926	2963 3316 MXY
2927	-24 5 Dl
2928	15 4 Dl
2929	4 15 Dl
2930	5 -24 Dl
2931	-137 134 Dl
2932	3204 3083 MXY
2933	-24 5 Dl
2934	15 4 Dl
2935	3 14 Dl
2936	6 -23 Dl
2937	-137 133 Dl
2938	3204 3450 MXY
2939	-6 -24 Dl
2940	-3 14 Dl
2941	-15 5 Dl
2942	24 5 Dl
2943	-137 -134 Dl
2944	2842 3369(0)N
2945	3075 3139(0)N
2946	2842 3676(1)N
2947	3075 3443(1)N
2948	3562 3054(L00)N
2949	3565 3528(L01)N
2950	4197 2968 MXY
2951	0 118 Dl
2952	237 0 Dl
2953	0 -118 Dl
2954	-237 0 Dl
2955	3205 MY
2956	0 119 Dl
2957	237 0 Dl
2958	0 -119 Dl
2959	-237 0 Dl
2960	3561 MY
2961	0 118 Dl
2962	237 0 Dl
2963	0 -118 Dl
2964	-237 0 Dl
2965	3960 2909 MXY
2966	0 237 Dl
2967	118 0 Dl
2968	0 -237 Dl
2969	-118 0 Dl
2970	3146 MY
2971	0 237 Dl
2972	118 0 Dl
2973	0 -237 Dl
2974	-118 0 Dl
2975	3383 MY
2976	0 237 Dl
2977	118 0 Dl
2978	0 -237 Dl
2979	-118 0 Dl
2980	3620 MY
2981	0 237 Dl
2982	118 0 Dl
2983	0 -237 Dl
2984	-118 0 Dl
2985	4197 3027 MXY
2986	-21 -13 Dl
2987	8 13 Dl
2988	-8 13 Dl
2989	21 -13 Dl
2990	-119 0 Dl
2991	4197 3264 MXY
2992	-21 -13 Dl
2993	8 13 Dl
2994	-8 13 Dl
2995	21 -13 Dl
2996	-119 0 Dl
2997	3501 MY
2998	59 0 Dl
2999	0 89 Dl
3000	4078 3738 MXY
3001	59 0 Dl
3002	0 -88 Dl
3003	4197 3590 MXY
3004	-21 -13 Dl
3005	8 13 Dl
3006	-8 13 Dl
3007	21 -13 Dl
3008	-60 0 Dl
3009	4197 3650 MXY
3010	-21 -13 Dl
3011	8 13 Dl
3012	-8 13 Dl
3013	21 -13 Dl
3014	-60 0 Dl
3015	3991 3050(00)N
3016	3991 3287(01)N
3017	3991 3524(10)N
3018	3991 3761(11)N
3019	4269 3050(L00)N
3020	4269 3287(L01)N
3021	4283 3643(L1)N
3022	3485 3501 MXY
3023	-20 -13 Dl
3024	7 13 Dl
3025	-7 13 Dl
3026	20 -13 Dl
3027	-155 0 Dl
3028	3485 3027 MXY
3029	-20 -13 Dl
3030	7 13 Dl
3031	-7 13 Dl
3032	20 -13 Dl
3033	-163 0 Dl
3034	2967 3687 MXY
3035	-5 -24 Dl
3036	-4 14 Dl
3037	-15 4 Dl
3038	24 6 Dl
3039	-141 -141 Dl
3040	3 Dt
3041	-1 Ds
3042	8 s
3043	2706 4033(Figure)N
3044	2903(2:)X
3045	1 f
3046	2972(A)X
3047	3034(radix)X
3048	3181(search)X
3049	3359(trie)X
3050	3460(and)X
3051	3568(a)X
3052	3612(directory)X
3053	3858(representing)X
3054	4189(the)X
3055	4283(trie.)X
3056	10 s
3057	10 f
3058	2706 4209 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
3059	1 f
3060	2878 4411(In)N
3061	2968(this)X
3062	3106(algorithm,)X
3063	3460(a)X
3064	3519(directory)X
3065	3832(consists)X
3066	4108(of)X
3067	4198(a)X
3068	4256(search)X
3069	2706 4499(trie)N
3070	2847(of)X
3071	2947(depth)X
3072	2 f
3073	3158(n)X
3074	1 f
3075	3211(,)X
3076	3264(containing)X
3077	3635(2)X
3078	2 f
3079	7 s
3080	4467(n)Y
3081	10 s
3082	1 f
3083	3749 4499(bucket)N
3084	3996(addresses)X
3085	4337(\(i.e.)X
3086	2706 4587(each)N
3087	2897(element)X
3088	3194(of)X
3089	3304(the)X
3090	3445(trie)X
3091	3594(is)X
3092	3689(a)X
3093	3767(bucket)X
3094	4023(address\).)X
3095	4373(To)X
3096	2706 4675(access)N
3097	2935(the)X
3098	3056(hash)X
3099	3226(table,)X
3100	3425(a)X
3101	3483(32-bit)X
3102	3696(hash)X
3103	3865(value)X
3104	4061(is)X
3105	4136(calculated)X
3106	2706 4763(and)N
3107	2 f
3108	2861(n)X
3109	1 f
3110	2953(bits)X
3111	3107(of)X
3112	3213(the)X
3113	3350(value)X
3114	3563(are)X
3115	3701(used)X
3116	3886(to)X
3117	3986(index)X
3118	4202(into)X
3119	4364(the)X
3120	2706 4851(directory)N
3121	3018(to)X
3122	3102(obtain)X
3123	3324(a)X
3124	3382(bucket)X
3125	3618(address.)X
3126	3921(It)X
3127	3992(is)X
3128	4067(important)X
3129	4400(to)X
3130	2706 4939(note)N
3131	2866(that)X
3132	3008(multiple)X
3133	3296(entries)X
3134	3532(of)X
3135	3620(this)X
3136	3756(directory)X
3137	4067(may)X
3138	4226(contain)X
3139	2706 5027(the)N
3140	2833(same)X
3141	3026(bucket)X
3142	3268(address)X
3143	3537(as)X
3144	3632(a)X
3145	3696(result)X
3146	3902(of)X
3147	3997(directory)X
3148	4315(dou-)X
3149	2706 5115(bling)N
3150	2903(during)X
3151	3145(bucket)X
3152	3392(splitting.)X
3153	3706(Figure)X
3154	3948(2)X
3155	4021(illustrates)X
3156	4364(the)X
3157	2706 5203(relationship)N
3158	3126(between)X
3159	3436(a)X
3160	3513(typical)X
3161	3772(\(skewed\))X
3162	4108(search)X
3163	4355(trie)X
3164	2706 5291(and)N
3165	2850(its)X
3166	2953(directory)X
3167	3271(representation.)X
3168	3774(The)X
3169	3927(formation)X
3170	4270(of)X
3171	4364(the)X
3172	2706 5379(directory)N
3173	3016(shown)X
3174	3245(in)X
3175	3327(the)X
3176	3445(\256gure)X
3177	3652(is)X
3178	3725(as)X
3179	3812(follows.)X
3180	16 s
3181	2706 5593 MXY
3182	864 0 Dl
3183	2 f
3184	8 s
3185	2746 5648(4)N
3186	1 f
3187	9 s
3188	2796 5673(It)N
3189	2858(does)X
3190	3008(not)X
3191	3118(contain)X
3192	3348(holes.)X
3193	3 f
3194	10 s
3195	720 5960(USENIX)N
3196	9 f
3197	1042(-)X
3198	3 f
3199	1106(Winter)X
3200	1371('91)X
3201	9 f
3202	1498(-)X
3203	3 f
3204	1562(Dallas,)X
3205	1815(TX)X
3206	4424(3)X
3207
3208	4 p
3209	%%Page: 4 4
3210	0(Courier)xf 0 f
3211	10 s 10 xH 0 xS 0 f
3212	3 f
3213	432 258(A)N
3214	510(New)X
3215	682(Hashing)X
3216	985(Package)X
3217	1290(for)X
3218	1413(UNIX)X
3219	3663(Seltzer)X
3220	3920(&)X
3221	4007(Yigit)X
3222	1 f
3223	604 538(Initially,)N
3224	937(there)X
3225	1158(is)X
3226	1271(one)X
3227	1446(slot)X
3228	1620(in)X
3229	1741(the)X
3230	1898(directory)X
3231	432 626(addressing)N
3232	802(a)X
3233	865(single)X
3234	1083(bucket.)X
3235	1364(The)X
3236	1515(depth)X
3237	1719(of)X
3238	1812(the)X
3239	1936(trie)X
3240	2069(is)X
3241	2148(0)X
3242	432 714(and)N
3243	577(0)X
3244	646(bits)X
3245	790(of)X
3246	886(each)X
3247	1063(hash)X
3248	1239(value)X
3249	1442(are)X
3250	1570(examined)X
3251	1910(to)X
3252	2000(deter-)X
3253	432 802(mine)N
3254	624(in)X
3255	718(which)X
3256	946(bucket)X
3257	1192(to)X
3258	1286(place)X
3259	1488(a)X
3260	1556(key;)X
3261	1726(all)X
3262	1837(keys)X
3263	2015(go)X
3264	2126(in)X
3265	432 890(bucket)N
3266	682(0.)X
3267	797(When)X
3268	1024(this)X
3269	1174(bucket)X
3270	1423(is)X
3271	1511(full,)X
3272	1677(its)X
3273	1787(contents)X
3274	2089(are)X
3275	432 978(divided)N
3276	698(between)X
3277	992(L0)X
3278	1107(and)X
3279	1249(L1)X
3280	1363(as)X
3281	1455(was)X
3282	1605(done)X
3283	1786(in)X
3284	1873(the)X
3285	1996(previ-)X
3286	432 1066(ously)N
3287	664(discussed)X
3288	1030(algorithms.)X
3289	1471(After)X
3290	1700(this)X
3291	1874(split,)X
3292	2090(the)X
3293	432 1154(address)N
3294	710(of)X
3295	814(the)X
3296	948(second)X
3297	1207(bucket)X
3298	1457(must)X
3299	1648(be)X
3300	1760(stored)X
3301	1992(in)X
3302	2090(the)X
3303	432 1242(directory.)N
3304	796(To)X
3305	939(accommodate)X
3306	1438(the)X
3307	1589(new)X
3308	1776(address,)X
3309	2090(the)X
3310	432 1330(directory)N
3311	752(is)X
3312	835(split)X
3313	2 f
3314	8 s
3315	972 1305(5)N
3316	1 f
3317	10 s
3318	1330(,)Y
3319	1054(by)X
3320	1163(doubling)X
3321	1476(it,)X
3322	1569(thus)X
3323	1731(increasing)X
3324	2090(the)X
3325	432 1418(depth)N
3326	630(of)X
3327	717(the)X
3328	835(directory)X
3329	1145(by)X
3330	1245(one.)X
3331	604 1532(After)N
3332	813(this)X
3333	967(split,)X
3334	1163(a)X
3335	1237(single)X
3336	1466(bit)X
3337	1588(of)X
3338	1693(the)X
3339	1829(hash)X
3340	2014(value)X
3341	432 1620(needs)N
3342	663(to)X
3343	773(be)X
3344	896(examined)X
3345	1255(to)X
3346	1364(decide)X
3347	1621(whether)X
3348	1927(the)X
3349	2072(key)X
3350	432 1708(belongs)N
3351	711(to)X
3352	803(L0)X
3353	922(or)X
3354	1019(L1.)X
3355	1158(Once)X
3356	1358(one)X
3357	1504(of)X
3358	1601(these)X
3359	1795(buckets)X
3360	2069(\256lls)X
3361	432 1796(\(L0)N
3362	578(for)X
3363	702(example\),)X
3364	1051(it)X
3365	1125(is)X
3366	1208(split)X
3367	1375(as)X
3368	1472(before,)X
3369	1728(and)X
3370	1873(the)X
3371	2000(direc-)X
3372	432 1884(tory)N
3373	585(is)X
3374	662(split)X
3375	823(again)X
3376	1021(to)X
3377	1107(make)X
3378	1305(room)X
3379	1498(for)X
3380	1615(the)X
3381	1736(address)X
3382	2000(of)X
3383	2090(the)X
3384	432 1972(third)N
3385	618(bucket.)X
3386	927(This)X
3387	1104(splitting)X
3388	1400(causes)X
3389	1645(the)X
3390	1778(addresses)X
3391	2121(of)X
3392	432 2060(the)N
3393	567(non-splitting)X
3394	1012(bucket)X
3395	1263(\(L1\))X
3396	1443(to)X
3397	1541(be)X
3398	1653(duplicated.)X
3399	2063(The)X
3400	432 2148(directory)N
3401	766(now)X
3402	948(has)X
3403	1099(four)X
3404	1277(entries,)X
3405	1555(a)X
3406	1635(depth)X
3407	1857(of)X
3408	1968(2,)X
3409	2072(and)X
3410	432 2236(indexes)N
3411	700(the)X
3412	821(buckets)X
3413	1089(L00,)X
3414	1261(L01)X
3415	1413(and)X
3416	1552(L1,)X
3417	1684(as)X
3418	1774(shown)X
3419	2006(in)X
3420	2090(the)X
3421	432 2324(Figure)N
3422	661(2.)X
3423	604 2438(The)N
3424	756(crucial)X
3425	1002(part)X
3426	1154(of)X
3427	1247(the)X
3428	1371(algorithm)X
3429	1708(is)X
3430	1787(the)X
3431	1911(observa-)X
3432	432 2526(tion)N
3433	580(that)X
3434	724(L1)X
3435	837(is)X
3436	914(addressed)X
3437	1255(twice)X
3438	1453(in)X
3439	1539(the)X
3440	1661(directory.)X
3441	1995(If)X
3442	2073(this)X
3443	432 2614(bucket)N
3444	679(were)X
3445	869(to)X
3446	964(split)X
3447	1134(now,)X
3448	1324(the)X
3449	1454(directory)X
3450	1776(already)X
3451	2045(con-)X
3452	432 2702(tains)N
3453	611(room)X
3454	808(to)X
3455	898(hold)X
3456	1067(the)X
3457	1192(address)X
3458	1460(of)X
3459	1554(the)X
3460	1679(new)X
3461	1840(bucket.)X
3462	2121(In)X
3463	432 2790(general,)N
3464	711(the)X
3465	831(relationship)X
3466	1231(between)X
3467	1521(the)X
3468	1641(directory)X
3469	1953(and)X
3470	2090(the)X
3471	432 2878(number)N
3472	704(of)X
3473	798(bucket)X
3474	1039(addresses)X
3475	1374(contained)X
3476	1713(therein)X
3477	1962(is)X
3478	2041(used)X
3479	432 2966(to)N
3480	517(decide)X
3481	750(when)X
3482	947(to)X
3483	1031(split)X
3484	1190(the)X
3485	1310(directory.)X
3486	1662(Each)X
3487	1845(bucket)X
3488	2081(has)X
3489	432 3054(a)N
3490	505(depth,)X
3491	740(\()X
3492	2 f
3493	767(n)X
3494	7 s
3495	3070(b)Y
3496	10 s
3497	1 f
3498	848 3054(\),)N
3499	932(associated)X
3500	1299(with)X
3501	1478(it)X
3502	1558(and)X
3503	1710(appears)X
3504	1992(in)X
3505	2090(the)X
3506	432 3142(directory)N
3507	744(exactly)X
3508	998(2)X
3509	2 f
3510	7 s
3511	3106(n)Y
3512	9 f
3513	1075(-)X
3514	2 f
3515	1106(n)X
3516	4 s
3517	3110(b)Y
3518	7 s
3519	1 f
3520	10 s
3521	1181 3142(times.)N
3522	1396(When)X
3523	1610(a)X
3524	1668(bucket)X
3525	1904(splits,)X
3526	2113(its)X
3527	432 3230(depth)N
3528	638(increases)X
3529	961(by)X
3530	1069(one.)X
3531	1253(The)X
3532	1406(directory)X
3533	1724(must)X
3534	1907(split)X
3535	2072(any)X
3536	432 3318(time)N
3537	602(a)X
3538	665(bucket's)X
3539	964(depth)X
3540	1169(exceeds)X
3541	1451(the)X
3542	1576(depth)X
3543	1781(of)X
3544	1875(the)X
3545	2000(direc-)X
3546	432 3406(tory.)N
3547	630(The)X
3548	784(following)X
3549	1123(code)X
3550	1303(fragment)X
3551	1621(helps)X
3552	1818(to)X
3553	1908(illustrate)X
3554	432 3494(the)N
3555	554(extendible)X
3556	912(hashing)X
3557	1185(algorithm)X
3558	1520([FAG79])X
3559	1838(for)X
3560	1955(access-)X
3561	432 3582(ing)N
3562	554(individual)X
3563	898(buckets)X
3564	1163(and)X
3565	1299(maintaining)X
3566	1701(the)X
3567	1819(directory.)X
3568	0 f
3569	8 s
3570	432 3881(hash)N
3571	622(=)X
3572	698 -0.4038(calchash\(key\);)AX
3573	432 3969(mask)N
3574	622(=)X
3575	698 -0.4018(maskvec[depth];)AX
3576	432 4145(bucket)N
3577	698(=)X
3578	774 -0.4038(directory[hash)AX
3579	1344(&)X
3580	1420(mask];)X
3581	432 4321(/*)N
3582	546(Key)X
3583	698 -0.4219(Insertion)AX
3584	1078(*/)X
3585	432 4409(if)N
3586	546 -0.4038(\(store\(bucket,)AX
3587	1116(key,)X
3588	1306(data\))X
3589	1534(==)X
3590	1648(FAIL\))X
3591	1876({)X
3592	720 4497(newbl)N
3593	948(=)X
3594	1024 -0.4167(getpage\(\);)AX
3595	720 4585 -0.4000(bucket->depth++;)AN
3596	720 4673 -0.4091(newbl->depth)AN
3597	1214(=)X
3598	1290 -0.4038(bucket->depth;)AX
3599	720 4761(if)N
3600	834 -0.4038(\(bucket->depth)AX
3601	1404(>)X
3602	1480(depth\))X
3603	1746({)X
3604	1008 4849(/*)N
3605	1122(double)X
3606	1388 -0.4219(directory)AX
3607	1768(*/)X
3608	1008 4937(depth++;)N
3609	1 f
3610	16 s
3611	432 5033 MXY
3612	864 0 Dl
3613	2 f
3614	8 s
3615	472 5088(5)N
3616	1 f
3617	9 s
3618	534 5113(This)N
3619	692(decision)X
3620	962(to)X
3621	1048(split)X
3622	1202(the)X
3623	1319(directory)X
3624	1608(is)X
3625	1685(based)X
3626	1878(on)X
3627	1979(a)X
3628	2040(com-)X
3629	432 5193(parison)N
3630	666(of)X
3631	748(the)X
3632	858(depth)X
3633	1040(of)X
3634	1121(the)X
3635	1230(page)X
3636	1387(being)X
3637	1568(split)X
3638	1713(and)X
3639	1838(the)X
3640	1947(depth)X
3641	2128(of)X
3642	432 5273(the)N
3643	543(trie.)X
3644	698(In)X
3645	781(Figure)X
3646	992(2,)X
3647	1069(the)X
3648	1180(depths)X
3649	1390(of)X
3650	1472(both)X
3651	1622(L00)X
3652	1760(and)X
3653	1886(L01)X
3654	2024(are)X
3655	2134(2,)X
3656	432 5353(whereas)N
3657	689(the)X
3658	798(depth)X
3659	979(of)X
3660	1060(L1)X
3661	1161(is)X
3662	1230(1.)X
3663	1323(Therefore,)X
3664	1646(if)X
3665	1710(L1)X
3666	1810(were)X
3667	1970(to)X
3668	2046(split,)X
3669	432 5433(the)N
3670	543(directory)X
3671	826(would)X
3672	1029(not)X
3673	1144(need)X
3674	1303(to)X
3675	1382(split.)X
3676	1565(In)X
3677	1648(reality,)X
3678	1872(a)X
3679	1926(bucket)X
3680	2140(is)X
3681	432 5513(allocated)N
3682	727(for)X
3683	846(the)X
3684	969(directory)X
3685	1264(at)X
3686	1351(the)X
3687	1474(time)X
3688	1637(of)X
3689	1732(\256le)X
3690	1858(creation)X
3691	2124(so)X
3692	432 5593(although)N
3693	707(the)X
3694	818(directory)X
3695	1100(splits)X
3696	1274(logically,)X
3697	1566(physical)X
3698	1828(splits)X
3699	2002(do)X
3700	2096(not)X
3701	432 5673(occur)N
3702	610(until)X
3703	760(the)X
3704	866(\256le)X
3705	976(becomes)X
3706	1246(quite)X
3707	1408(large.)X
3708	0 f
3709	8 s
3710	2994 538 -0.4219(directory)AN
3711	3374(=)X
3712	3450 -0.3971(double\(directory\);)AX
3713	2706 626(})N
3714	2706 714 -0.3958(splitbucket\(bucket,)AN
3715	3466(newbl\))X
3716	2706 802(...)N
3717	2418 890(})N
3718	2 f
3719	10 s
3720	3169 1255(hsearch)N
3721	1 f
3722	2590 1387(Since)N
3723	2 f
3724	2807(hsearch)X
3725	1 f
3726	3100(does)X
3727	3286(not)X
3728	3427(have)X
3729	3617(to)X
3730	3717(translate)X
3731	4027(hash)X
3732	2418 1475(values)N
3733	2659(into)X
3734	2819(disk)X
3735	2988(addresses,)X
3736	3352(it)X
3737	3432(can)X
3738	3579(use)X
3739	3721(much)X
3740	3934(simpler)X
3741	2418 1563(algorithms)N
3742	2808(than)X
3743	2994(those)X
3744	3211(de\256ned)X
3745	3495(above.)X
3746	3775(System)X
3747	4058(V's)X
3748	2 f
3749	2418 1651(hsearch)N
3750	1 f
3751	2708(constructs)X
3752	3069(a)X
3753	3141(\256xed-size)X
3754	3489(hash)X
3755	3671(table)X
3756	3862(\(speci\256ed)X
3757	2418 1739(by)N
3758	2519(the)X
3759	2637(user)X
3760	2791(at)X
3761	2869(table)X
3762	3045(creation\).)X
3763	3391(By)X
3764	3504(default,)X
3765	3767(a)X
3766	3823(multiplica-)X
3767	2418 1827(tive)N
3768	2570(hash)X
3769	2748(function)X
3770	3046(based)X
3771	3260(on)X
3772	3371(that)X
3773	3522(described)X
3774	3861(in)X
3775	3954(Knuth,)X
3776	2418 1915(Volume)N
3777	2710(3,)X
3778	2804(section)X
3779	3065(6.4)X
3780	3199([KNU68])X
3781	3541(is)X
3782	3628(used)X
3783	3809(to)X
3784	3905(obtain)X
3785	4138(a)X
3786	2418 2003(primary)N
3787	2694(bucket)X
3788	2930(address.)X
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3793	3755(full,)X
3794	3907(a)X
3795	3964(secon-)X
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3798	3069(hash)X
3799	3248(value)X
3800	3454(is)X
3801	3538(computed)X
3802	3885(to)X
3803	3978(de\256ne)X
3804	2418 2179(the)N
3805	2542(probe)X
3806	2751(interval.)X
3807	3062(The)X
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3809	3422(interval)X
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3812	3989(to)X
3813	4076(the)X
3814	2418 2267(original)N
3815	2712(bucket)X
3816	2971(address)X
3817	3257(\(modulo)X
3818	3573(the)X
3819	3716(table)X
3820	3916(size\))X
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3822	2418 2355(obtain)N
3823	2658(a)X
3824	2734(new)X
3825	2908(bucket)X
3826	3162(address.)X
3827	3483(This)X
3828	3665(process)X
3829	3946(repeats)X
3830	2418 2443(until)N
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3838	3654(bucket)X
3839	3891(is)X
3840	3967(found,)X
3841	2418 2531(an)N
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3844	2972(with)X
3845	3134(a)X
3846	3190(``table)X
3847	3420(full'')X
3848	3605(condition.)X
3849	2590 2645(The)N
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3853	3541(be)X
3854	3670(modi\256ed)X
3855	4006(by)X
3856	4138(a)X
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3858	2705(of)X
3859	2813(compile)X
3860	3112(time)X
3861	3295(options)X
3862	3571(available)X
3863	3902(to)X
3864	4005(those)X
3865	2418 2821(users)N
3866	2604(with)X
3867	2767(AT&T)X
3868	3006(source)X
3869	3237(code.)X
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3874	2418 2909(vides)N
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3876	2809(options)X
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3878	3238(hash)X
3879	3435(functions.)X
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3885	3055(hash)X
3886	3242(function)X
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3900	2578(hcompar)X
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3912	2982(integer.)X
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3927	2418 3437(of)N
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3959	3991(avail-)X
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3974	3716(an)X
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3991	3434(to)X
3992	3528(speed)X
3993	3743(up)X
3994	3855(retrievals.)X
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4001	3361(long)X
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4005	2418 4255(lengthening)N
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4008	3249(sequences.)X
4009	3651(Once)X
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4011	3991(probe)X
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4020	2418 4431(we)N
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4024	3145(any)X
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4154
4155	5 p
4156	%%Page: 5 5
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4342	1442(can)X
4343	1574(determine)X
4344	1915(which)X
4345	2131(keys)X
4346	2298(move)X
4347	720 2280(to)N
4348	807(the)X
4349	929(new)X
4350	1087(bucket)X
4351	1325(by)X
4352	1429(examining)X
4353	1791(the)X
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4355	1913(n)X
4356	7 s
4357	1962 2248(th)N
4358	10 s
4359	1 f
4360	2043 2280(bit)N
4361	2151(of)X
4362	2242(a)X
4363	2302(key's)X
4364	720 2368(hash)N
4365	899(value)X
4366	1105(where)X
4367	1334(n)X
4368	1406(is)X
4369	1491(the)X
4370	1620(generation)X
4371	1990(number.)X
4372	2306(After)X
4373	720 2456(the)N
4374	846(bucket)X
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4377	1300(maximum)X
4378	1651(split)X
4379	1815(point)X
4380	2006(has)X
4381	2140(been)X
4382	2319(split,)X
4383	720 2544(the)N
4384	839(generation)X
4385	1198(number)X
4386	1463(is)X
4387	1536(incremented,)X
4388	1973(the)X
4389	2091(current)X
4390	2339(split)X
4391	720 2632(point)N
4392	908(is)X
4393	985(set)X
4394	1098(back)X
4395	1274(to)X
4396	1360(zero,)X
4397	1543(and)X
4398	1683(the)X
4399	1805(maximum)X
4400	2152(split)X
4401	2312(point)X
4402	720 2720(is)N
4403	815(set)X
4404	946(to)X
4405	1050(the)X
4406	1190(number)X
4407	1477(of)X
4408	1586(the)X
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4413	2374(\256le)X
4414	720 2808(\(which)N
4415	971(is)X
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4417	1253(to)X
4418	1342(twice)X
4419	1543(the)X
4420	1668(old)X
4421	1797(maximum)X
4422	2148(split)X
4423	2312(point)X
4424	720 2896(plus)N
4425	873(1\).)X
4426	892 3010(To)N
4427	1031(facilitate)X
4428	1361(locating)X
4429	1668(keys,)X
4430	1884(we)X
4431	2027(maintain)X
4432	2356(two)X
4433	720 3098(masks.)N
4434	989(The)X
4435	1143(low)X
4436	1291(mask)X
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4442	2339(split)X
4443	720 3186(bucket)N
4444	967(and)X
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4453	2311(max-)X
4454	720 3274(imum)N
4455	931(split)X
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4457	1372(To)X
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4459	1703(a)X
4460	1764(speci\256c)X
4461	2033(key,)X
4462	2193(we)X
4463	2311(com-)X
4464	720 3362(pute)N
4465	881(a)X
4466	940(32-bit)X
4467	1154(hash)X
4468	1324(value)X
4469	1520(using)X
4470	1715(a)X
4471	1773(bit-randomizing)X
4472	2311(algo-)X
4473	720 3450(rithm)N
4474	932(such)X
4475	1118(as)X
4476	1224(the)X
4477	1361(one)X
4478	1516(described)X
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4480	1962([LAR88].)X
4481	2334(This)X
4482	720 3538(hash)N
4483	893(value)X
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4486	1336(masked)X
4487	1607(with)X
4488	1775(the)X
4489	1898(high)X
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4491	2299(If)X
4492	2378(the)X
4493	720 3626(resulting)N
4494	1026(number)X
4495	1297(is)X
4496	1376(greater)X
4497	1626(than)X
4498	1790(the)X
4499	1913(maximum)X
4500	2262(bucket)X
4501	720 3714(in)N
4502	823(the)X
4503	962(table)X
4504	1159(\(current)X
4505	1455(split)X
4506	1633(bucket)X
4507	1888(+)X
4508	1974(maximum)X
4509	2339(split)X
4510	720 3802(point\),)N
4511	962(the)X
4512	1091(hash)X
4513	1269(value)X
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4515	1558(masked)X
4516	1834(with)X
4517	2007(the)X
4518	2136(low)X
4519	2287(mask.)X
4520	720 3890(In)N
4521	825(either)X
4522	1046(case,)X
4523	1242(the)X
4524	1377(result)X
4525	1592(of)X
4526	1696(the)X
4527	1831(mask)X
4528	2037(is)X
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4530	2262(bucket)X
4531	720 3978(number)N
4532	989(for)X
4533	1107(the)X
4534	1229(given)X
4535	1431(key.)X
4536	1611(The)X
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4538	2093(below)X
4539	2312(illus-)X
4540	720 4066(trates)N
4541	914(this)X
4542	1049(process.)X
4543	0 f
4544	8 s
4545	720 4365(h)N
4546	796(=)X
4547	872 -0.4038(calchash\(key\);)AX
4548	720 4453(bucket)N
4549	986(=)X
4550	1062(h)X
4551	1138(&)X
4552	1214 -0.4167(high_mask;)AX
4553	720 4541(if)N
4554	834(\()X
4555	910(bucket)X
4556	1176(>)X
4557	1252 -0.4167(max_bucket)AX
4558	1670(\))X
4559	1008 4629(bucket)N
4560	1274(=)X
4561	1350(h)X
4562	1426(&)X
4563	1502 -0.4219(low_mask;)AX
4564	720 4717 -0.4018(return\(bucket\);)AN
4565	1 f
4566	10 s
4567	892 5042(In)N
4568	1013(order)X
4569	1237(to)X
4570	1353(decide)X
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4572	1845(to)X
4573	1961(split)X
4574	2152(a)X
4575	2242(bucket,)X
4576	2 f
4577	720 5130(dynahash)N
4578	1 f
4579	1050(uses)X
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4581	1210(controlled)X
4582	1561(splitting)X
4583	1 f
4584	1822(.)X
4585	1884(A)X
4586	1964(hash)X
4587	2133(table)X
4588	2311(has)X
4589	2440(a)X
4590	720 5218(\256ll)N
4591	837(factor)X
4592	1054(which)X
4593	1279(is)X
4594	1361(expressed)X
4595	1707(in)X
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4597	2004(of)X
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4600	720 5306(number)N
4601	990(of)X
4602	1082(keys)X
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4606	1789(Each)X
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4608	2140(the)X
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4610	720 5394(total)N
4611	885(number)X
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4620	720 5482(exceeds)N
4621	995(this)X
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4623	1238(factor,)X
4624	1466(a)X
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4626	1756(is)X
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4628	2878 538(Since)N
4629	3079(the)X
4630	2 f
4631	3200(hsearch)X
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4633	3477(create)X
4634	3693(interface)X
4635	3998(\()X
4636	2 f
4637	4025(hcreate)X
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4639	4266(\))X
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4641	2706 626(for)N
4642	2842(an)X
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4652	2706 714(\()N
4653	2 f
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4658	3007(dynahash)X
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4660	3349(uses)X
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4664	4182(initialize)X
4665	2706 802(the)N
4666	2848(table.)X
4667	3088(The)X
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4678	2926(rounded)X
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4680	3306(the)X
4681	3431(next)X
4682	3596(higher)X
4683	3828(power)X
4684	4056(of)X
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4697	4248(bucket)X
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4700	3186(split)X
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4709	3148 1220(The)N
4710	3301(New)X
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4712	1 f
4713	2878 1352(Our)N
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4728	2 f
4729	2706 1528(dynahash)N
4730	1 f
4731	3047(implementation.)X
4732	3623(The)X
4733	2 f
4734	3782(dbm)X
4735	1 f
4736	3954(family)X
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4748	2914(to)X
4749	3010(split)X
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4752	3491(it)X
4753	3568(over\257ows\))X
4754	3944(while)X
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4758	2706 1792(splits)N
4759	2933(in)X
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4763	3776(\(linearly\))X
4764	4134(and)X
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4780	3773(of)X
4781	3887(these)X
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4784	2913(occur)X
4785	3118(in)X
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4803	2869(by)X
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4805	3143(over\257ows)X
4806	3480(\()X
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4811	4198(\))X
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4814	2706 2320(exceeding)N
4815	3052(the)X
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4823	4123(\))X
4824	2878 2434(A)N
4825	2962(hash)X
4826	3135(table)X
4827	3317(is)X
4828	3395(parameterized)X
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4834	2904(\()X
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4838	(\))S
4839	3191(and)X
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4849	2706 2610(dynahash's)N
4850	1 f
4851	3095(buckets)X
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4863	3507(our)X
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4878	2955(The)X
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4886	3756(bytes\))X
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5084	3083(it)X
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5086	3252(essential.)X
5087	3604(In)X
5088	3706(a)X
5089	3777(linear)X
5090	3995(hashed)X
5091	4253(imple-)X
5092	2706 4946(mentation,)N
5093	3087(over\257ow)X
5094	3413(pages)X
5095	3636(are)X
5096	3775(required)X
5097	4083(for)X
5098	4217(buckets)X
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5105	3982(so)X
5106	4085(we)X
5107	4211(can)X
5108	4355(use)X
5109	2706 5122(the)N
5110	2833(same)X
5111	3027(mechanism)X
5112	3421(for)X
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5114	3734(key/data)X
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5116	4220(that)X
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5118	2706 5210(use)N
5119	2837(for)X
5120	2955(over\257ow)X
5121	3264(pages.)X
5122	3511(Logically,)X
5123	3862(we)X
5124	3980(chain)X
5125	4177(over\257ow)X
5126	16 s
5127	2706 5353 MXY
5128	864 0 Dl
5129	2 f
5130	8 s
5131	2746 5408(6)N
5132	1 f
5133	9 s
5134	2801 5433(This)N
5135	2952(is)X
5136	3023(not)X
5137	3138(strictly)X
5138	3361(true.)X
5139	3532(The)X
5140	3667(\256le)X
5141	3782(does)X
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5143	4052(contract)X
5144	4306(when)X
5145	2706 5513(keys)N
5146	2861(are)X
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5156	2706 5593(to)N
5157	2782(the)X
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5160	3441(of)X
5161	3520(keys)X
5162	3671(ever)X
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5165	4116(the)X
5166	4223(table)X
5167	4382(di-)X
5168	2706 5673(vided)N
5169	2884(by)X
5170	2974(the)X
5171	3080(\256ll)X
5172	3178(factor.)X
5173	3 f
5174	10 s
5175	720 5960(USENIX)N
5176	9 f
5177	1042(-)X
5178	3 f
5179	1106(Winter)X
5180	1371('91)X
5181	9 f
5182	1498(-)X
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5185	1815(TX)X
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5187
5188	6 p
5189	%%Page: 6 6
5190	0(Courier)xf 0 f
5191	10 s 10 xH 0 xS 0 f
5192	3 f
5193	432 258(A)N
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5195	682(Hashing)X
5196	985(Package)X
5197	1290(for)X
5198	1413(UNIX)X
5199	3663(Seltzer)X
5200	3920(&)X
5201	4007(Yigit)X
5202	1 f
5203	432 538(pages)N
5204	639(to)X
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5207	1116(\(also)X
5208	1296(called)X
5209	1512(primary)X
5210	1789(pages\).)X
5211	2062(In)X
5212	2152(a)X
5213	432 626(memory)N
5214	730(based)X
5215	943(representation,)X
5216	1448(over\257ow)X
5217	1763(pages)X
5218	1976(do)X
5219	2086(not)X
5220	432 714(pose)N
5221	628(any)X
5222	792(special)X
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5224	1409(because)X
5225	1712(we)X
5226	1854(can)X
5227	2014(chain)X
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5229	776(pages)X
5230	1017(to)X
5231	1137(primary)X
5232	1449(pages)X
5233	1690(using)X
5234	1921(memory)X
5235	432 890(pointers.)N
5236	776(However,)X
5237	1137(mapping)X
5238	1463(these)X
5239	1674(over\257ow)X
5240	2005(pages)X
5241	432 978(into)N
5242	584(a)X
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5254	547(be)X
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5256	861(to)X
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5259	1462(bucket)X
5260	1728(pages,)X
5261	1983(whose)X
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5263	729(are)X
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5266	1422(and)X
5267	1558(some)X
5268	1747(indeterminate)X
5269	432 1242(number)N
5270	715(of)X
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5273	1364(without)X
5274	1646(reorganizing)X
5275	2090(the)X
5276	432 1330(\256le.)N
5277	604 1444(One)N
5278	789(simple)X
5279	1053(solution)X
5280	1361(would)X
5281	1612(be)X
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5285	432 1532(separate)N
5286	737(\256le)X
5287	880(for)X
5288	1015(over\257ow)X
5289	1341(pages.)X
5290	1604(The)X
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5292	432 1620(with)N
5293	605(such)X
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5311	1867(close,)X
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5315	1122(two)X
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5325	1391(both)X
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5330	737(pages)X
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5332	1084(the)X
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5334	1387(\256le)X
5335	1509(space.)X
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5337	799(buddy-in-waiting)X
5338	1425(algorithm)X
5339	1806(provides)X
5340	2152(a)X
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5342	851(to)X
5343	966(support)X
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5346	1814(per)X
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5354	1788(sequence)X
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5356	432 2350(linear)N
5357	681(hashing.)X
5358	1015(Over\257ow)X
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5360	1631(are)X
5361	1795(preallocated)X
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5363	781(generations)X
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5414	1111(recorded)X
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5480	432 3969(int)N
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5488	432 4057(int)N
5489	736 -0.4125(spares[32];)AX
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5492	1572(at)X
5493	1686(each)X
5494	1876(split)X
5495	2104(*/)X
5496	432 4145(int)N
5497	736(log2\(\);)X
5498	1198(/*)X
5499	1312(ceil\(log)X
5500	1654(base)X
5501	1844(2\))X
5502	1958(*/)X
5503	432 4321(#DEFINE)N
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5505	1610(\\)X
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5511	584 4497 -0.3894(\(bucket?spares[logs2\(bucket)AN
5512	1648(+)X
5513	1724(1\)-1]:0\))X
5514	432 4673(#DEFINE)N
5515	736 -0.3947(OADDR_TO_PAGE\(oaddr\))AX
5516	1534(\\)X
5517	584 4761 -0.3984(BUCKET_TO_PAGE\(\(1)AN
5518	1268(<<)X
5519	1382 -0.4091(\(oaddr>>11\)\))AX
5520	1876(-)X
5521	1952(1\))X
5522	2066(+)X
5523	2142(\\)X
5524	584 4849(oaddr)N
5525	812(&)X
5526	888(0x7ff;)X
5527	1 f
5528	10 s
5529	604 5262(An)N
5530	728(over\257ow)X
5531	1039(page)X
5532	1217(is)X
5533	1295(addressed)X
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5535	1742(its)X
5536	1842(split)X
5537	2004(point,)X
5538	432 5350(identifying)N
5539	858(the)X
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5544	432 5438(over\257ow)N
5545	740(page)X
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5548	1324(and)X
5549	1463(its)X
5550	1561(page)X
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5552	2023(iden-)X
5553	432 5526(tifying)N
5554	665(the)X
5555	783(particular)X
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5558	1507(the)X
5559	1625(split)X
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5577	1595(32K\),)X
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5650	1034(11)Y
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5675	3358(systems)X
5676	3655(supporting)X
5677	4041(\256les)X
5678	2418 1330(larger)N
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5680	2784(4GB\).)X
5681	10 f
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5683	1 Dt
5684	4014 2275 MXY
5685	0 133 Dl
5686	3881 2275 MXY
5687	0 133 Dl
5688	3748 2275 MXY
5689	0 133 Dl
5690	3083 2275 MXY
5691	0 133 Dl
5692	5 s
5693	1 f
5694	3523 2475(2/3)N
5695	3390(2/2)X
5696	3257(2/1)X
5697	2859(1/2)X
5698	2726(1/1)X
5699	5 Dt
5700	3814 1743 MXY
5701	0 133 Dl
5702	3282 1743 MXY
5703	0 133 Dl
5704	3017 1743 MXY
5705	0 133 Dl
5706	2884 1743 MXY
5707	0 133 Dl
5708	1 Dt
5709	3681 1743 MXY
5710	0 133 Dl
5711	133 0 Dl
5712	0 -133 Dl
5713	-133 0 Dl
5714	3548 MX
5715	0 133 Dl
5716	133 0 Dl
5717	0 -133 Dl
5718	-133 0 Dl
5719	3415 MX
5720	0 133 Dl
5721	133 0 Dl
5722	0 -133 Dl
5723	-133 0 Dl
5724	3282 MX
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5727	0 -133 Dl
5728	-133 0 Dl
5729	3150 MX
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5731	132 0 Dl
5732	0 -133 Dl
5733	-132 0 Dl
5734	3017 MX
5735	0 133 Dl
5736	133 0 Dl
5737	0 -133 Dl
5738	-133 0 Dl
5739	2884 MX
5740	0 133 Dl
5741	133 0 Dl
5742	0 -133 Dl
5743	-133 0 Dl
5744	3 f
5745	8 s
5746	3017 2601(Over\257ow)N
5747	3285(Addresses)X
5748	3515 2833(Over\257ow)N
5749	3783(Pages)X
5750	2850(Buckets)X
5751	1 Di
5752	3349 2740 MXY
5753	3349 2740 lineto
5754	3482 2740 lineto
5755	3482 2873 lineto
5756	3349 2873 lineto
5757	3349 2740 lineto
5758	closepath 3 3349 2740 3482 2873 Dp
5759	2684 MX
5760	0 133 Dl
5761	133 0 Dl
5762	0 -133 Dl
5763	-133 0 Dl
5764	5 Dt
5765	4146 2275 MXY
5766	0 133 Dl
5767	3216 2275 MXY
5768	0 133 Dl
5769	2684 2275 MXY
5770	0 133 Dl
5771	2551 2275 MXY
5772	0 133 Dl
5773	1 f
5774	3798 1963(3)N
5775	3266 1980(2)N
5776	3001(1)X
5777	2868(0)X
5778	1 Dt
5779	2751 1743 MXY
5780	0 133 Dl
5781	133 0 Dl
5782	0 -133 Dl
5783	-133 0 Dl
5784	3548 2275 MXY
5785	-15 -22 Dl
5786	2 16 Dl
5787	-13 11 Dl
5788	26 -5 Dl
5789	-282 -117 Dl
5790	3432 2275 MXY
5791	-10 -25 Dl
5792	-2 16 Dl
5793	-15 8 Dl
5794	27 1 Dl
5795	-166 -117 Dl
5796	3282 2275 MXY
5797	12 -25 Dl
5798	-14 10 Dl
5799	-15 -6 Dl
5800	17 21 Dl
5801	-16 -117 Dl
5802	2884 2275 MXY
5803	26 7 Dl
5804	-12 -12 Dl
5805	3 -16 Dl
5806	-17 21 Dl
5807	382 -117 Dl
5808	2751 2275 MXY
5809	25 9 Dl
5810	-11 -12 Dl
5811	5 -17 Dl
5812	-19 20 Dl
5813	515 -117 Dl
5814	3 f
5815	3070 2152(Over\257ow)N
5816	3338(Pages)X
5817	3482 2275 MXY
5818	3482 2275 lineto
5819	3615 2275 lineto
5820	3615 2408 lineto
5821	3482 2408 lineto
5822	3482 2275 lineto
5823	closepath 3 3482 2275 3615 2408 Dp
5824	3349 MX
5825	3349 2275 lineto
5826	3482 2275 lineto
5827	3482 2408 lineto
5828	3349 2408 lineto
5829	3349 2275 lineto
5830	closepath 3 3349 2275 3482 2408 Dp
5831	3216 MX
5832	3216 2275 lineto
5833	3349 2275 lineto
5834	3349 2408 lineto
5835	3216 2408 lineto
5836	3216 2275 lineto
5837	closepath 3 3216 2275 3349 2408 Dp
5838	2817 MX
5839	2817 2275 lineto
5840	2950 2275 lineto
5841	2950 2408 lineto
5842	2817 2408 lineto
5843	2817 2275 lineto
5844	closepath 3 2817 2275 2950 2408 Dp
5845	2684 MX
5846	2684 2275 lineto
5847	2817 2275 lineto
5848	2817 2408 lineto
5849	2684 2408 lineto
5850	2684 2275 lineto
5851	closepath 3 2684 2275 2817 2408 Dp
5852	3615 MX
5853	0 133 Dl
5854	531 0 Dl
5855	0 -133 Dl
5856	-531 0 Dl
5857	2950 MX
5858	0 133 Dl
5859	266 0 Dl
5860	0 -133 Dl
5861	-266 0 Dl
5862	2551 MX
5863	0 133 Dl
5864	133 0 Dl
5865	0 -133 Dl
5866	-133 0 Dl
5867	3798 1726 MXY
5868	-21 -18 Dl
5869	6 16 Dl
5870	-10 13 Dl
5871	25 -11 Dl
5872	-599 -99 Dl
5873	3266 1726 MXY
5874	-1 -27 Dl
5875	-7 15 Dl
5876	-17 1 Dl
5877	25 11 Dl
5878	-67 -99 Dl
5879	3033 1726 MXY
5880	27 1 Dl
5881	-14 -8 Dl
5882	-1 -17 Dl
5883	-12 24 Dl
5884	166 -99 Dl
5885	2900 1726 MXY
5886	27 7 Dl
5887	-13 -11 Dl
5888	3 -17 Dl
5889	-17 21 Dl
5890	299 -99 Dl
5891	3058 1621(Split)N
5892	3203(Points)X
5893	2418 2275 MXY
5894	0 133 Dl
5895	133 0 Dl
5896	0 -133 Dl
5897	-133 0 Dl
5898	3 Dt
5899	-1 Ds
5900	3137(Figure)Y
5901	2619(3:)X
5902	1 f
5903	2691(Split)X
5904	2832(points)X
5905	3008(occur)X
5906	3168(between)X
5907	3399(generations)X
5908	3712(and)X
5909	3823(are)X
5910	3919(numbered)X
5911	2418 3225(from)N
5912	2560(0.)X
5913	2642(In)X
5914	2713(this)X
5915	2824(\256gure)X
5916	2991(there)X
5917	3136(are)X
5918	3231(two)X
5919	3345(over\257ow)X
5920	3590(pages)X
5921	3753(allocated)X
5922	4000(at)X
5923	4063(split)X
5924	2418 3313(point)N
5925	2566(1)X
5926	2614(and)X
5927	2722(three)X
5928	2865(allocated)X
5929	3111(at)X
5930	3173(split)X
5931	3300(point)X
5932	3448(2.)X
5933	10 s
5934	10 f
5935	2418 3489 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
5936	3 f
5937	2949 3731(Buffer)N
5938	3192(Management)X
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5940	2590 3863(The)N
5941	2744(hash)X
5942	2920(table)X
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5944	3187(stored)X
5945	3412(in)X
5946	3502(memory)X
5947	3797(as)X
5948	3892(a)X
5949	3956(logical)X
5950	2418 3951(array)N
5951	2633(of)X
5952	2749(bucket)X
5953	3012(pointers.)X
5954	3359(Physically,)X
5955	3761(the)X
5956	3907(array)X
5957	4121(is)X
5958	2418 4039(arranged)N
5959	2728(in)X
5960	2818(segments)X
5961	3144(of)X
5962	3239(256)X
5963	3387(pointers.)X
5964	3713(Initially,)X
5965	4013(there)X
5966	2418 4127(is)N
5967	2530(space)X
5968	2767(to)X
5969	2887(allocate)X
5970	3195(256)X
5971	3373(segments.)X
5972	3769(Reallocation)X
5973	2418 4215(occurs)N
5974	2651(when)X
5975	2847(the)X
5976	2967(number)X
5977	3234(of)X
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5990	2418 4391(through)N
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5992	2853(array)X
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6010	3236(tables,)X
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6321	10 f
6322	720 2412 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
6323	1 Dt
6324	2309 3177 MXY
6325	24 15 Dl
6326	-8 -15 Dl
6327	8 -15 Dl
6328	-24 15 Dl
6329	52 0 Dl
6330	789 3160 MXY
6331	-35 0 Dl
6332	0 -156 Dl
6333	1607 0 Dl
6334	0 173 Dl
6335	789 3091 MXY
6336	-24 -15 Dl
6337	9 15 Dl
6338	-9 15 Dl
6339	24 -15 Dl
6340	-69 0 Dl
6341	2309 3125 MXY
6342	104 0 Dl
6343	0 -155 Dl
6344	-1693 0 Dl
6345	0 121 Dl
6346	927 3160 MXY
6347	24 15 Dl
6348	-9 -15 Dl
6349	9 -15 Dl
6350	-24 15 Dl
6351	553 0 Dl
6352	1618 3177 MXY
6353	8 27 Dl
6354	4 -17 Dl
6355	16 -6 Dl
6356	-28 -4 Dl
6357	138 121 Dl
6358	1895 3315 MXY
6359	28 3 Dl
6360	-15 -9 Dl
6361	1 -18 Dl
6362	-14 24 Dl
6363	276 -138 Dl
6364	3108 MY
6365	-28 -3 Dl
6366	15 10 Dl
6367	-1 17 Dl
6368	14 -24 Dl
6369	-276 138 Dl
6370	1756 3229 MXY
6371	-8 -27 Dl
6372	-3 17 Dl
6373	-16 6 Dl
6374	27 4 Dl
6375	-138 -121 Dl
6376	1480 MX
6377	-24 -15 Dl
6378	9 15 Dl
6379	-9 15 Dl
6380	24 -15 Dl
6381	-553 0 Dl
6382	3 f
6383	5 s
6384	1083 3073(LRU)N
6385	1178(chain)X
6386	4 Ds
6387	1402 3851 MXY
6388	1402 3851 lineto
6389	1471 3851 lineto
6390	1471 3920 lineto
6391	1402 3920 lineto
6392	1402 3851 lineto
6393	closepath 19 1402 3851 1471 3920 Dp
6394	1445 3747(Over\257ow)N
6395	1613(Address)X
6396	1549 3609 MXY
6397	0 69 Dl
6398	1756 MX
6399	-23 -15 Dl
6400	8 15 Dl
6401	-8 15 Dl
6402	23 -15 Dl
6403	-207 0 Dl
6404	-1 Ds
6405	3 Dt
6406	1756 3419 MXY
6407	-6 -28 Dl
6408	-4 17 Dl
6409	-17 5 Dl
6410	27 6 Dl
6411	-138 -138 Dl
6412	2240 3471 MXY
6413	15 -24 Dl
6414	-15 9 Dl
6415	-15 -9 Dl
6416	15 24 Dl
6417	0 -138 Dl
6418	1826 3609 MXY
6419	15 -24 Dl
6420	-15 9 Dl
6421	-16 -9 Dl
6422	16 24 Dl
6423	0 -138 Dl
6424	1549 MX
6425	15 -24 Dl
6426	-15 9 Dl
6427	-15 -9 Dl
6428	15 24 Dl
6429	0 -138 Dl
6430	858 3471 MXY
6431	15 -24 Dl
6432	-15 9 Dl
6433	-15 -9 Dl
6434	15 24 Dl
6435	0 -138 Dl
6436	2240 3056 MXY
6437	15 -24 Dl
6438	-15 9 Dl
6439	-15 -9 Dl
6440	15 24 Dl
6441	0 -138 Dl
6442	1549 3056 MXY
6443	15 -24 Dl
6444	-15 9 Dl
6445	-15 -9 Dl
6446	15 24 Dl
6447	0 -138 Dl
6448	858 3056 MXY
6449	15 -24 Dl
6450	-15 9 Dl
6451	-15 -9 Dl
6452	15 24 Dl
6453	0 -138 Dl
6454	1 Dt
6455	2171 3471 MXY
6456	2171 3471 lineto
6457	2448 3471 lineto
6458	2448 3609 lineto
6459	2171 3609 lineto
6460	2171 3471 lineto
6461	closepath 19 2171 3471 2448 3609 Dp
6462	1756 3609 MXY
6463	1756 3609 lineto
6464	2033 3609 lineto
6465	2033 3747 lineto
6466	1756 3747 lineto
6467	1756 3609 lineto
6468	closepath 3 1756 3609 2033 3747 Dp
6469	1480 3471 MXY
6470	1480 3471 lineto
6471	1756 3471 lineto
6472	1756 3609 lineto
6473	1480 3609 lineto
6474	1480 3471 lineto
6475	closepath 19 1480 3471 1756 3609 Dp
6476	789 MX
6477	789 3471 lineto
6478	1065 3471 lineto
6479	1065 3609 lineto
6480	789 3609 lineto
6481	789 3471 lineto
6482	closepath 19 789 3471 1065 3609 Dp
6483	962 3903(Buffer)N
6484	1083(Header)X
6485	849 3851 MXY
6486	849 3851 lineto
6487	918 3851 lineto
6488	918 3920 lineto
6489	849 3920 lineto
6490	849 3851 lineto
6491	closepath 14 849 3851 918 3920 Dp
6492	1756 3194 MXY
6493	1756 3194 lineto
6494	1895 3194 lineto
6495	1895 3471 lineto
6496	1756 3471 lineto
6497	1756 3194 lineto
6498	closepath 14 1756 3194 1895 3471 Dp
6499	2171 3056 MXY
6500	2171 3056 lineto
6501	2309 3056 lineto
6502	2309 3333 lineto
6503	2171 3333 lineto
6504	2171 3056 lineto
6505	closepath 14 2171 3056 2309 3333 Dp
6506	1480 MX
6507	1480 3056 lineto
6508	1618 3056 lineto
6509	1618 3333 lineto
6510	1480 3333 lineto
6511	1480 3056 lineto
6512	closepath 14 1480 3056 1618 3333 Dp
6513	789 MX
6514	789 3056 lineto
6515	927 3056 lineto
6516	927 3333 lineto
6517	789 3333 lineto
6518	789 3056 lineto
6519	closepath 14 789 3056 927 3333 Dp
6520	2780 MY
6521	0 138 Dl
6522	138 0 Dl
6523	0 -138 Dl
6524	-138 0 Dl
6525	927 MX
6526	0 138 Dl
6527	138 0 Dl
6528	0 -138 Dl
6529	-138 0 Dl
6530	1065 MX
6531	0 138 Dl
6532	138 0 Dl
6533	0 -138 Dl
6534	-138 0 Dl
6535	1203 MX
6536	0 138 Dl
6537	139 0 Dl
6538	0 -138 Dl
6539	-139 0 Dl
6540	1342 MX
6541	0 138 Dl
6542	138 0 Dl
6543	0 -138 Dl
6544	-138 0 Dl
6545	1480 MX
6546	0 138 Dl
6547	138 0 Dl
6548	0 -138 Dl
6549	-138 0 Dl
6550	1618 MX
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7276	8 s
7277	1 f
7278	1628 2522(128)N
7279	3 Dt
7280	607 2245 MXY
7281	24 Dc
7282	617 2375 MXY
7283	23 Dc
7284	635 2442 MXY
7285	24 Dc
7286	674 2525 MXY
7287	23 Dc
7288	750 2529 MXY
7289	24 Dc
7290	904 2527 MXY
7291	23 Dc
7292	1210 MX
7293	23 Dc
7294	1822 2528 MXY
7295	23 Dc
7296	20 Ds
7297	1 Dt
7298	619 2245 MXY
7299	10 130 Dl
7300	19 67 Dl
7301	38 83 Dl
7302	76 4 Dl
7303	154 -2 Dl
7304	306 0 Dl
7305	612 1 Dl
7306	678 2482(256)N
7307	-1 Ds
7308	3 Dt
7309	619 2127 MXY
7310	0 24 Dl
7311	0 -12 Dl
7312	12 0 Dl
7313	-24 0 Dl
7314	629 2191 MXY
7315	0 25 Dl
7316	0 -12 Dl
7317	12 0 Dl
7318	-24 0 Dl
7319	648 2334 MXY
7320	0 24 Dl
7321	0 -12 Dl
7322	12 0 Dl
7323	-24 0 Dl
7324	686 2409 MXY
7325	0 25 Dl
7326	0 -13 Dl
7327	12 0 Dl
7328	-24 0 Dl
7329	762 2516 MXY
7330	0 25 Dl
7331	0 -12 Dl
7332	13 0 Dl
7333	-25 0 Dl
7334	916 2516 MXY
7335	0 24 Dl
7336	0 -12 Dl
7337	12 0 Dl
7338	-25 0 Dl
7339	1222 2515 MXY
7340	0 24 Dl
7341	0 -12 Dl
7342	12 0 Dl
7343	-24 0 Dl
7344	1834 2515 MXY
7345	0 24 Dl
7346	0 -12 Dl
7347	12 0 Dl
7348	-24 0 Dl
7349	5 Dt
7350	619 2139 MXY
7351	10 65 Dl
7352	19 142 Dl
7353	38 75 Dl
7354	76 108 Dl
7355	154 -1 Dl
7356	306 -1 Dl
7357	612 0 Dl
7358	694 2401(512)N
7359	3 Dt
7360	631 2064 MXY
7361	-24 24 Dl
7362	12 -12 Dl
7363	-12 -12 Dl
7364	24 24 Dl
7365	641 2077 MXY
7366	-24 25 Dl
7367	12 -12 Dl
7368	-12 -13 Dl
7369	24 25 Dl
7370	660 2132 MXY
7371	-24 24 Dl
7372	12 -12 Dl
7373	-12 -12 Dl
7374	24 24 Dl
7375	698 2292 MXY
7376	-24 24 Dl
7377	12 -12 Dl
7378	-12 -12 Dl
7379	24 24 Dl
7380	775 2382 MXY
7381	-25 24 Dl
7382	12 -12 Dl
7383	-12 -12 Dl
7384	25 24 Dl
7385	928 2516 MXY
7386	-25 24 Dl
7387	13 -12 Dl
7388	-13 -12 Dl
7389	25 24 Dl
7390	1234 2516 MXY
7391	-24 25 Dl
7392	12 -12 Dl
7393	-12 -13 Dl
7394	24 25 Dl
7395	1846 2516 MXY
7396	-24 24 Dl
7397	12 -12 Dl
7398	-12 -12 Dl
7399	24 24 Dl
7400	16 Ds
7401	1 Dt
7402	619 2076 MXY
7403	10 14 Dl
7404	19 54 Dl
7405	38 160 Dl
7406	76 90 Dl
7407	154 134 Dl
7408	306 1 Dl
7409	612 -1 Dl
7410	694 2257(1024)N
7411	-1 Ds
7412	3 Dt
7413	619 1877 MXY
7414	12 -24 Dl
7415	-24 0 Dl
7416	12 24 Dl
7417	629 1855 MXY
7418	12 -24 Dl
7419	-24 0 Dl
7420	12 24 Dl
7421	648 1838 MXY
7422	12 -24 Dl
7423	-24 0 Dl
7424	12 24 Dl
7425	686 1860 MXY
7426	12 -25 Dl
7427	-24 0 Dl
7428	12 25 Dl
7429	762 1923 MXY
7430	13 -24 Dl
7431	-25 0 Dl
7432	12 24 Dl
7433	916 2087 MXY
7434	12 -24 Dl
7435	-25 0 Dl
7436	13 24 Dl
7437	1222 2256 MXY
7438	12 -24 Dl
7439	-24 0 Dl
7440	12 24 Dl
7441	1834 2541 MXY
7442	12 -25 Dl
7443	-24 0 Dl
7444	12 25 Dl
7445	619 1865 MXY
7446	10 -22 Dl
7447	19 -17 Dl
7448	38 21 Dl
7449	76 64 Dl
7450	154 164 Dl
7451	306 169 Dl
7452	612 285 Dl
7453	1645 2427(4096)N
7454	619 1243 MXY
7455	0 24 Dl
7456	0 -12 Dl
7457	12 0 Dl
7458	-24 0 Dl
7459	629 1196 MXY
7460	0 24 Dl
7461	0 -12 Dl
7462	12 0 Dl
7463	-24 0 Dl
7464	648 1146 MXY
7465	0 24 Dl
7466	0 -12 Dl
7467	12 0 Dl
7468	-24 0 Dl
7469	686 1174 MXY
7470	0 25 Dl
7471	0 -13 Dl
7472	12 0 Dl
7473	-24 0 Dl
7474	762 1249 MXY
7475	0 24 Dl
7476	0 -12 Dl
7477	13 0 Dl
7478	-25 0 Dl
7479	916 1371 MXY
7480	0 24 Dl
7481	0 -12 Dl
7482	12 0 Dl
7483	-25 0 Dl
7484	1222 1680 MXY
7485	0 24 Dl
7486	0 -12 Dl
7487	12 0 Dl
7488	-24 0 Dl
7489	1834 1999 MXY
7490	0 24 Dl
7491	0 -12 Dl
7492	12 0 Dl
7493	-24 0 Dl
7494	619 1255 MXY
7495	10 -47 Dl
7496	19 -50 Dl
7497	38 28 Dl
7498	76 75 Dl
7499	154 122 Dl
7500	306 309 Dl
7501	612 319 Dl
7502	1741 1934(8192)N
7503	5 Dt
7504	609 2531 MXY
7505	1225 0 Dl
7506	609 MX
7507	0 -1553 Dl
7508	2531 MY
7509	0 16 Dl
7510	4 Ds
7511	1 Dt
7512	2531 MY
7513	0 -1553 Dl
7514	593 2625(0)N
7515	-1 Ds
7516	5 Dt
7517	916 2531 MXY
7518	0 16 Dl
7519	4 Ds
7520	1 Dt
7521	2531 MY
7522	0 -1553 Dl
7523	884 2625(32)N
7524	-1 Ds
7525	5 Dt
7526	1222 2531 MXY
7527	0 16 Dl
7528	4 Ds
7529	1 Dt
7530	2531 MY
7531	0 -1553 Dl
7532	1190 2625(64)N
7533	-1 Ds
7534	5 Dt
7535	1528 2531 MXY
7536	0 16 Dl
7537	4 Ds
7538	1 Dt
7539	2531 MY
7540	0 -1553 Dl
7541	1496 2625(96)N
7542	-1 Ds
7543	5 Dt
7544	1834 2531 MXY
7545	0 16 Dl
7546	4 Ds
7547	1 Dt
7548	2531 MY
7549	0 -1553 Dl
7550	1786 2625(128)N
7551	-1 Ds
7552	5 Dt
7553	609 2531 MXY
7554	-16 0 Dl
7555	4 Ds
7556	1 Dt
7557	609 MX
7558	1225 0 Dl
7559	545 2558(0)N
7560	-1 Ds
7561	5 Dt
7562	609 2013 MXY
7563	-16 0 Dl
7564	4 Ds
7565	1 Dt
7566	609 MX
7567	1225 0 Dl
7568	481 2040(100)N
7569	-1 Ds
7570	5 Dt
7571	609 1496 MXY
7572	-16 0 Dl
7573	4 Ds
7574	1 Dt
7575	609 MX
7576	1225 0 Dl
7577	481 1523(200)N
7578	-1 Ds
7579	5 Dt
7580	609 978 MXY
7581	-16 0 Dl
7582	4 Ds
7583	1 Dt
7584	609 MX
7585	1225 0 Dl
7586	481 1005(300)N
7587	1088 2724(Fill)N
7588	1194(Factor)X
7589	422 1611(S)N
7590	426 1667(e)N
7591	426 1724(c)N
7592	424 1780(o)N
7593	424 1837(n)N
7594	424 1893(d)N
7595	428 1949(s)N
7596	3 Dt
7597	-1 Ds
7598	3 f
7599	432 2882(Figure)N
7600	636(5a:)X
7601	1 f
7602	744(System)X
7603	956(Time)X
7604	1113(for)X
7605	1209(dictionary)X
7606	1490(data)X
7607	1618(set)X
7608	1711(with)X
7609	1847(1M)X
7610	1958(of)X
7611	2033(buffer)X
7612	432 2970(space)N
7613	594(and)X
7614	707(varying)X
7615	923(bucket)X
7616	1114(sizes)X
7617	1259(and)X
7618	1372(\256ll)X
7619	1465(factors.)X
7620	1675(Each)X
7621	1823(line)X
7622	1940(is)X
7623	2004(labeled)X
7624	432 3058(with)N
7625	562(its)X
7626	639(bucket)X
7627	825(size.)X
7628	10 s
7629	10 f
7630	432 3234 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
7631	8 s
7632	1 f
7633	428 4381(s)N
7634	424 4325(d)N
7635	424 4269(n)N
7636	424 4212(o)N
7637	426 4156(c)N
7638	426 4099(e)N
7639	422 4043(S)N
7640	1116 5156(Fill)N
7641	1222(Factor)X
7642	506 3437(3200)N
7643	4 Ds
7644	1 Dt
7645	666 3410 MXY
7646	1168 0 Dl
7647	-1 Ds
7648	5 Dt
7649	666 MX
7650	-16 0 Dl
7651	506 3825(2400)N
7652	4 Ds
7653	1 Dt
7654	666 3799 MXY
7655	1168 0 Dl
7656	-1 Ds
7657	5 Dt
7658	666 MX
7659	-16 0 Dl
7660	506 4214(1600)N
7661	4 Ds
7662	1 Dt
7663	666 4186 MXY
7664	1168 0 Dl
7665	-1 Ds
7666	5 Dt
7667	666 MX
7668	-16 0 Dl
7669	538 4602(800)N
7670	4 Ds
7671	1 Dt
7672	666 4575 MXY
7673	1168 0 Dl
7674	-1 Ds
7675	5 Dt
7676	666 MX
7677	-16 0 Dl
7678	602 4990(0)N
7679	4 Ds
7680	1 Dt
7681	666 4963 MXY
7682	1168 0 Dl
7683	-1 Ds
7684	5 Dt
7685	666 MX
7686	-16 0 Dl
7687	1786 5057(128)N
7688	4 Ds
7689	1 Dt
7690	1834 4963 MXY
7691	0 -1553 Dl
7692	-1 Ds
7693	5 Dt
7694	4963 MY
7695	0 16 Dl
7696	1510 5057(96)N
7697	4 Ds
7698	1 Dt
7699	1542 4963 MXY
7700	0 -1553 Dl
7701	-1 Ds
7702	5 Dt
7703	4963 MY
7704	0 16 Dl
7705	1218 5057(64)N
7706	4 Ds
7707	1 Dt
7708	1250 4963 MXY
7709	0 -1553 Dl
7710	-1 Ds
7711	5 Dt
7712	4963 MY
7713	0 16 Dl
7714	926 5057(32)N
7715	4 Ds
7716	1 Dt
7717	958 4963 MXY
7718	0 -1553 Dl
7719	-1 Ds
7720	5 Dt
7721	4963 MY
7722	0 16 Dl
7723	650 5057(0)N
7724	4 Ds
7725	1 Dt
7726	666 4963 MXY
7727	0 -1553 Dl
7728	-1 Ds
7729	5 Dt
7730	4963 MY
7731	0 16 Dl
7732	4963 MY
7733	0 -1553 Dl
7734	4963 MY
7735	1168 0 Dl
7736	1741 4752(8192)N
7737	3 Dt
7738	675 3732 MXY
7739	9 -172 Dl
7740	18 -118 Dl
7741	37 128 Dl
7742	73 -121 Dl
7743	146 623 Dl
7744	292 497 Dl
7745	584 245 Dl
7746	4802 MY
7747	0 24 Dl
7748	0 -12 Dl
7749	12 0 Dl
7750	-24 0 Dl
7751	1250 4557 MXY
7752	0 25 Dl
7753	0 -13 Dl
7754	12 0 Dl
7755	-24 0 Dl
7756	958 4060 MXY
7757	0 24 Dl
7758	0 -12 Dl
7759	12 0 Dl
7760	-24 0 Dl
7761	812 3437 MXY
7762	0 24 Dl
7763	0 -12 Dl
7764	12 0 Dl
7765	-24 0 Dl
7766	739 3558 MXY
7767	0 24 Dl
7768	0 -12 Dl
7769	12 0 Dl
7770	-24 0 Dl
7771	702 3430 MXY
7772	0 25 Dl
7773	0 -13 Dl
7774	13 0 Dl
7775	-25 0 Dl
7776	684 3548 MXY
7777	0 24 Dl
7778	0 -12 Dl
7779	12 0 Dl
7780	-24 0 Dl
7781	675 3720 MXY
7782	0 24 Dl
7783	0 -12 Dl
7784	12 0 Dl
7785	-24 0 Dl
7786	1637 4912(4096)N
7787	675 4307 MXY
7788	9 -58 Dl
7789	18 30 Dl
7790	37 89 Dl
7791	73 144 Dl
7792	146 235 Dl
7793	292 122 Dl
7794	584 89 Dl
7795	4970 MY
7796	12 -24 Dl
7797	-24 0 Dl
7798	12 24 Dl
7799	1250 4881 MXY
7800	12 -24 Dl
7801	-24 0 Dl
7802	12 24 Dl
7803	958 4759 MXY
7804	12 -24 Dl
7805	-24 0 Dl
7806	12 24 Dl
7807	812 4524 MXY
7808	12 -24 Dl
7809	-24 0 Dl
7810	12 24 Dl
7811	739 4380 MXY
7812	12 -24 Dl
7813	-24 0 Dl
7814	12 24 Dl
7815	702 4291 MXY
7816	13 -24 Dl
7817	-25 0 Dl
7818	12 24 Dl
7819	684 4261 MXY
7820	12 -24 Dl
7821	-24 0 Dl
7822	12 24 Dl
7823	675 4319 MXY
7824	12 -24 Dl
7825	-24 0 Dl
7826	12 24 Dl
7827	734 4662(1024)N
7828	16 Ds
7829	1 Dt
7830	675 4352 MXY
7831	9 60 Dl
7832	18 134 Dl
7833	37 266 Dl
7834	73 117 Dl
7835	146 30 Dl
7836	292 0 Dl
7837	584 -1 Dl
7838	-1 Ds
7839	3 Dt
7840	1846 4946 MXY
7841	-24 24 Dl
7842	12 -12 Dl
7843	-12 -12 Dl
7844	24 24 Dl
7845	1262 4946 MXY
7846	-24 25 Dl
7847	12 -12 Dl
7848	-12 -13 Dl
7849	24 25 Dl
7850	970 4947 MXY
7851	-24 24 Dl
7852	12 -12 Dl
7853	-12 -12 Dl
7854	24 24 Dl
7855	824 4917 MXY
7856	-24 24 Dl
7857	12 -12 Dl
7858	-12 -12 Dl
7859	24 24 Dl
7860	751 4800 MXY
7861	-24 24 Dl
7862	12 -12 Dl
7863	-12 -12 Dl
7864	24 24 Dl
7865	715 4534 MXY
7866	-25 25 Dl
7867	12 -13 Dl
7868	-12 -12 Dl
7869	25 25 Dl
7870	696 4400 MXY
7871	-24 24 Dl
7872	12 -12 Dl
7873	-12 -12 Dl
7874	24 24 Dl
7875	687 4339 MXY
7876	-24 25 Dl
7877	12 -12 Dl
7878	-12 -13 Dl
7879	24 25 Dl
7880	718 4792(512)N
7881	5 Dt
7882	675 4422 MXY
7883	9 137 Dl
7884	18 278 Dl
7885	37 105 Dl
7886	73 18 Dl
7887	146 -1 Dl
7888	292 0 Dl
7889	584 -1 Dl
7890	3 Dt
7891	4946 MY
7892	0 24 Dl
7893	0 -12 Dl
7894	12 0 Dl
7895	-24 0 Dl
7896	1250 4946 MXY
7897	0 25 Dl
7898	0 -12 Dl
7899	12 0 Dl
7900	-24 0 Dl
7901	958 4947 MXY
7902	0 24 Dl
7903	0 -12 Dl
7904	12 0 Dl
7905	-24 0 Dl
7906	812 4948 MXY
7907	0 24 Dl
7908	0 -12 Dl
7909	12 0 Dl
7910	-24 0 Dl
7911	739 4930 MXY
7912	0 24 Dl
7913	0 -12 Dl
7914	12 0 Dl
7915	-24 0 Dl
7916	702 4824 MXY
7917	0 25 Dl
7918	0 -12 Dl
7919	13 0 Dl
7920	-25 0 Dl
7921	684 4547 MXY
7922	0 24 Dl
7923	0 -12 Dl
7924	12 0 Dl
7925	-24 0 Dl
7926	675 4410 MXY
7927	0 25 Dl
7928	0 -13 Dl
7929	12 0 Dl
7930	-24 0 Dl
7931	750 4921(256)N
7932	20 Ds
7933	1 Dt
7934	675 4597 MXY
7935	9 246 Dl
7936	18 106 Dl
7937	37 10 Dl
7938	73 0 Dl
7939	146 0 Dl
7940	292 0 Dl
7941	584 -1 Dl
7942	-1 Ds
7943	3 Dt
7944	1822 MX
7945	23 Dc
7946	1238 4959 MXY
7947	23 Dc
7948	946 MX
7949	23 Dc
7950	800 MX
7951	23 Dc
7952	727 MX
7953	23 Dc
7954	691 4949 MXY
7955	23 Dc
7956	672 4843 MXY
7957	24 Dc
7958	663 4597 MXY
7959	24 Dc
7960	1395 4961(128)N
7961	1 Dt
7962	675 4855 MXY
7963	9 93 Dl
7964	18 10 Dl
7965	37 1 Dl
7966	73 0 Dl
7967	146 -1 Dl
7968	292 0 Dl
7969	584 0 Dl
7970	3 Dt
7971	4946 MY
7972	-12 24 Dl
7973	24 0 Dl
7974	-12 -24 Dl
7975	1250 MX
7976	-12 24 Dl
7977	24 0 Dl
7978	-12 -24 Dl
7979	958 MX
7980	-12 24 Dl
7981	24 0 Dl
7982	-12 -24 Dl
7983	812 MX
7984	-12 25 Dl
7985	24 0 Dl
7986	-12 -25 Dl
7987	739 4947 MXY
7988	-12 24 Dl
7989	24 0 Dl
7990	-12 -24 Dl
7991	702 4946 MXY
7992	-12 24 Dl
7993	25 0 Dl
7994	-13 -24 Dl
7995	684 4936 MXY
7996	-12 24 Dl
7997	24 0 Dl
7998	-12 -24 Dl
7999	675 4843 MXY
8000	-12 24 Dl
8001	24 0 Dl
8002	-12 -24 Dl
8003	3 Dt
8004	-1 Ds
8005	3 f
8006	432 5314(Figure)N
8007	634(5b:)X
8008	1 f
8009	744(Elapsed)X
8010	967(Time)X
8011	1123(for)X
8012	1218(dictionary)X
8013	1498(data)X
8014	1625(set)X
8015	1717(with)X
8016	1851(1M)X
8017	1960(of)X
8018	2033(buffer)X
8019	432 5402(space)N
8020	593(and)X
8021	705(varying)X
8022	920(bucket)X
8023	1110(sizes)X
8024	1254(and)X
8025	1366(\256ll)X
8026	1457(factors.)X
8027	1681(Each)X
8028	1827(line)X
8029	1942(is)X
8030	2004(labeled)X
8031	432 5490(with)N
8032	562(its)X
8033	639(bucket)X
8034	825(size.)X
8035	10 s
8036	2590 538(If)N
8037	2677(an)X
8038	2785(approximation)X
8039	3284(of)X
8040	3383(the)X
8041	3513(number)X
8042	3790(of)X
8043	3889(elements)X
8044	2418 626(ultimately)N
8045	2773(to)X
8046	2866(be)X
8047	2973(stored)X
8048	3200(in)X
8049	3293(the)X
8050	3422(hash)X
8051	3599(table)X
8052	3785(is)X
8053	3868(known)X
8054	4116(at)X
8055	2418 714(the)N
8056	2564(time)X
8057	2754(of)X
8058	2869(creation,)X
8059	3196(the)X
8060	3342(hash)X
8061	3536(package)X
8062	3847(takes)X
8063	4059(this)X
8064	2418 802(number)N
8065	2688(as)X
8066	2779(a)X
8067	2839(parameter)X
8068	3185(and)X
8069	3325(uses)X
8070	3487(it)X
8071	3555(to)X
8072	3641(hash)X
8073	3812(entries)X
8074	4050(into)X
8075	2418 890(the)N
8076	2541(full)X
8077	2677(sized)X
8078	2867(table)X
8079	3048(rather)X
8080	3261(than)X
8081	3424(growing)X
8082	3716(the)X
8083	3838(table)X
8084	4018(from)X
8085	2418 978(a)N
8086	2477(single)X
8087	2691(bucket.)X
8088	2968(If)X
8089	3044(this)X
8090	3181(number)X
8091	3448(is)X
8092	3523(not)X
8093	3647(known,)X
8094	3907(the)X
8095	4027(hash)X
8096	2418 1066(table)N
8097	2632(starts)X
8098	2859(with)X
8099	3059(a)X
8100	3153(single)X
8101	3402(bucket)X
8102	3674(and)X
8103	3848(gracefully)X
8104	2418 1154(expands)N
8105	2707(as)X
8106	2800(elements)X
8107	3111(are)X
8108	3236(added,)X
8109	3474(although)X
8110	3780(a)X
8111	3842(slight)X
8112	4044(per-)X
8113	2418 1242(formance)N
8114	2747(degradation)X
8115	3151(may)X
8116	3313(be)X
8117	3413(noticed.)X
8118	3713(Figure)X
8119	3946(6)X
8120	4010(illus-)X
8121	2418 1330(trates)N
8122	2625(the)X
8123	2756(difference)X
8124	3116(in)X
8125	3211(performance)X
8126	3651(between)X
8127	3952(storing)X
8128	2418 1418(keys)N
8129	2588(in)X
8130	2673(a)X
8131	2732(\256le)X
8132	2857(when)X
8133	3054(the)X
8134	3174(ultimate)X
8135	3458(size)X
8136	3605(is)X
8137	3680(known)X
8138	3920(\(the)X
8139	4067(left)X
8140	2418 1506(bars)N
8141	2581(in)X
8142	2672(each)X
8143	2849(set\),)X
8144	3014(compared)X
8145	3360(to)X
8146	3450(building)X
8147	3744(the)X
8148	3870(\256le)X
8149	4000(when)X
8150	2418 1594(the)N
8151	2550(ultimate)X
8152	2846(size)X
8153	3005(is)X
8154	3091(unknown)X
8155	3422(\(the)X
8156	3580(right)X
8157	3764(bars)X
8158	3931(in)X
8159	4026(each)X
8160	2418 1682(set\).)N
8161	2609(Once)X
8162	2814(the)X
8163	2947(\256ll)X
8164	3069(factor)X
8165	3291(is)X
8166	3378(suf\256ciently)X
8167	3772(high)X
8168	3948(for)X
8169	4076(the)X
8170	2418 1770(page)N
8171	2596(size)X
8172	2747(\(8\),)X
8173	2887(growing)X
8174	3180(the)X
8175	3304(table)X
8176	3486(dynamically)X
8177	3908(does)X
8178	4081(lit-)X
8179	2418 1858(tle)N
8180	2518(to)X
8181	2600(degrade)X
8182	2875(performance.)X
8183	10 f
8184	2418 1946 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
8185	9 s
8186	1 f
8187	2413 3238(s)N
8188	2409 3173(d)N
8189	2409 3108(n)N
8190	2409 3043(o)N
8191	2411 2979(c)N
8192	2411 2914(e)N
8193	2407 2849(S)N
8194	3143 4129(Fill)N
8195	3261(Factor)X
8196	2448 2152(15)N
8197	4 Ds
8198	1 Dt
8199	2557 2122 MXY
8200	1473 0 Dl
8201	-1 Ds
8202	5 Dt
8203	2557 MX
8204	-19 0 Dl
8205	2448 2747(10)N
8206	4 Ds
8207	1 Dt
8208	2557 2717 MXY
8209	1473 0 Dl
8210	-1 Ds
8211	5 Dt
8212	2557 MX
8213	-19 0 Dl
8214	2484 3343(5)N
8215	4 Ds
8216	1 Dt
8217	2557 3313 MXY
8218	1473 0 Dl
8219	-1 Ds
8220	5 Dt
8221	2557 MX
8222	-19 0 Dl
8223	2484 3938(0)N
8224	4 Ds
8225	1 Dt
8226	2557 3908 MXY
8227	1473 0 Dl
8228	-1 Ds
8229	5 Dt
8230	2557 MX
8231	-19 0 Dl
8232	3976 4015(128)N
8233	4 Ds
8234	1 Dt
8235	4030 3908 MXY
8236	0 -1786 Dl
8237	-1 Ds
8238	5 Dt
8239	3908 MY
8240	0 19 Dl
8241	3626 4015(96)N
8242	4 Ds
8243	1 Dt
8244	3662 3908 MXY
8245	0 -1786 Dl
8246	-1 Ds
8247	5 Dt
8248	3908 MY
8249	0 19 Dl
8250	3258 4015(64)N
8251	4 Ds
8252	1 Dt
8253	3294 3908 MXY
8254	0 -1786 Dl
8255	-1 Ds
8256	5 Dt
8257	3908 MY
8258	0 19 Dl
8259	2889 4015(32)N
8260	4 Ds
8261	1 Dt
8262	2925 3908 MXY
8263	0 -1786 Dl
8264	-1 Ds
8265	5 Dt
8266	3908 MY
8267	0 19 Dl
8268	2539 4015(0)N
8269	4 Ds
8270	1 Dt
8271	2557 3908 MXY
8272	0 -1786 Dl
8273	-1 Ds
8274	5 Dt
8275	3908 MY
8276	0 19 Dl
8277	3908 MY
8278	0 -1786 Dl
8279	3908 MY
8280	1473 0 Dl
8281	4053 2378(8192)N
8282	3 Dt
8283	2569 2277 MXY
8284	11 0 Dl
8285	23 48 Dl
8286	46 -167 Dl
8287	92 35 Dl
8288	184 12 Dl
8289	369 143 Dl
8290	736 0 Dl
8291	2334 MY
8292	0 28 Dl
8293	0 -14 Dl
8294	14 0 Dl
8295	-28 0 Dl
8296	3294 2334 MXY
8297	0 28 Dl
8298	0 -14 Dl
8299	13 0 Dl
8300	-27 0 Dl
8301	2925 2192 MXY
8302	0 27 Dl
8303	0 -14 Dl
8304	14 0 Dl
8305	-28 0 Dl
8306	2741 2180 MXY
8307	0 27 Dl
8308	0 -14 Dl
8309	14 0 Dl
8310	-28 0 Dl
8311	2649 2144 MXY
8312	0 28 Dl
8313	0 -14 Dl
8314	14 0 Dl
8315	-28 0 Dl
8316	2603 2311 MXY
8317	0 27 Dl
8318	0 -13 Dl
8319	14 0 Dl
8320	-28 0 Dl
8321	2580 2263 MXY
8322	0 28 Dl
8323	0 -14 Dl
8324	14 0 Dl
8325	-28 0 Dl
8326	2569 2263 MXY
8327	0 28 Dl
8328	0 -14 Dl
8329	13 0 Dl
8330	-27 0 Dl
8331	4053 2591(4096)N
8332	2569 2348 MXY
8333	11 -11 Dl
8334	23 -96 Dl
8335	46 71 Dl
8336	92 72 Dl
8337	184 226 Dl
8338	369 48 Dl
8339	736 -60 Dl
8340	2612 MY
8341	14 -28 Dl
8342	-28 0 Dl
8343	14 28 Dl
8344	3294 2672 MXY
8345	13 -28 Dl
8346	-27 0 Dl
8347	14 28 Dl
8348	2925 2624 MXY
8349	14 -28 Dl
8350	-28 0 Dl
8351	14 28 Dl
8352	2741 2398 MXY
8353	14 -28 Dl
8354	-28 0 Dl
8355	14 28 Dl
8356	2649 2326 MXY
8357	14 -27 Dl
8358	-28 0 Dl
8359	14 27 Dl
8360	2603 2255 MXY
8361	14 -28 Dl
8362	-28 0 Dl
8363	14 28 Dl
8364	2580 2350 MXY
8365	14 -27 Dl
8366	-28 0 Dl
8367	14 27 Dl
8368	2569 2362 MXY
8369	13 -28 Dl
8370	-27 0 Dl
8371	14 28 Dl
8372	4053 2681(1024)N
8373	16 Ds
8374	1 Dt
8375	2569 2300 MXY
8376	11 48 Dl
8377	23 96 Dl
8378	46 95 Dl
8379	92 274 Dl
8380	184 202 Dl
8381	369 -155 Dl
8382	736 -190 Dl
8383	-1 Ds
8384	3 Dt
8385	4044 2656 MXY
8386	-28 28 Dl
8387	14 -14 Dl
8388	-14 -14 Dl
8389	28 28 Dl
8390	3307 2846 MXY
8391	-27 28 Dl
8392	14 -14 Dl
8393	-14 -14 Dl
8394	27 28 Dl
8395	2939 3001 MXY
8396	-28 28 Dl
8397	14 -14 Dl
8398	-14 -14 Dl
8399	28 28 Dl
8400	2755 2799 MXY
8401	-28 28 Dl
8402	14 -14 Dl
8403	-14 -14 Dl
8404	28 28 Dl
8405	2663 2525 MXY
8406	-28 28 Dl
8407	14 -14 Dl
8408	-14 -14 Dl
8409	28 28 Dl
8410	2617 2430 MXY
8411	-28 28 Dl
8412	14 -14 Dl
8413	-14 -14 Dl
8414	28 28 Dl
8415	2594 2334 MXY
8416	-28 28 Dl
8417	14 -14 Dl
8418	-14 -14 Dl
8419	28 28 Dl
8420	2582 2287 MXY
8421	-27 27 Dl
8422	14 -14 Dl
8423	-14 -13 Dl
8424	27 27 Dl
8425	4053 2851(512)N
8426	5 Dt
8427	2569 2372 MXY
8428	11 -24 Dl
8429	23 405 Dl
8430	46 83 Dl
8431	92 227 Dl
8432	184 -72 Dl
8433	369 -119 Dl
8434	736 -107 Dl
8435	3 Dt
8436	2751 MY
8437	0 28 Dl
8438	0 -14 Dl
8439	14 0 Dl
8440	-28 0 Dl
8441	3294 2858 MXY
8442	0 28 Dl
8443	0 -14 Dl
8444	13 0 Dl
8445	-27 0 Dl
8446	2925 2977 MXY
8447	0 28 Dl
8448	0 -14 Dl
8449	14 0 Dl
8450	-28 0 Dl
8451	2741 3049 MXY
8452	0 27 Dl
8453	0 -13 Dl
8454	14 0 Dl
8455	-28 0 Dl
8456	2649 2823 MXY
8457	0 27 Dl
8458	0 -14 Dl
8459	14 0 Dl
8460	-28 0 Dl
8461	2603 2739 MXY
8462	0 28 Dl
8463	0 -14 Dl
8464	14 0 Dl
8465	-28 0 Dl
8466	2580 2334 MXY
8467	0 28 Dl
8468	0 -14 Dl
8469	14 0 Dl
8470	-28 0 Dl
8471	2569 2358 MXY
8472	0 28 Dl
8473	0 -14 Dl
8474	13 0 Dl
8475	-27 0 Dl
8476	4053 2795(256)N
8477	20 Ds
8478	1 Dt
8479	2569 2456 MXY
8480	11 285 Dl
8481	23 95 Dl
8482	46 251 Dl
8483	92 -60 Dl
8484	184 -84 Dl
8485	369 -107 Dl
8486	736 -71 Dl
8487	-1 Ds
8488	3 Dt
8489	4016 MX
8490	27 Dc
8491	3280 2836 MXY
8492	27 Dc
8493	2912 2943 MXY
8494	27 Dc
8495	2728 3027 MXY
8496	27 Dc
8497	2635 3087 MXY
8498	28 Dc
8499	2589 2836 MXY
8500	28 Dc
8501	2566 2741 MXY
8502	27 Dc
8503	2554 2456 MXY
8504	28 Dc
8505	4053 2741(128)N
8506	1 Dt
8507	2569 2729 MXY
8508	11 203 Dl
8509	23 131 Dl
8510	46 -60 Dl
8511	92 -119 Dl
8512	184 -60 Dl
8513	369 -83 Dl
8514	736 -12 Dl
8515	3 Dt
8516	2716 MY
8517	-14 27 Dl
8518	28 0 Dl
8519	-14 -27 Dl
8520	3294 2727 MXY
8521	-14 28 Dl
8522	27 0 Dl
8523	-13 -28 Dl
8524	2925 2811 MXY
8525	-14 27 Dl
8526	28 0 Dl
8527	-14 -27 Dl
8528	2741 2870 MXY
8529	-14 28 Dl
8530	28 0 Dl
8531	-14 -28 Dl
8532	2649 2989 MXY
8533	-14 28 Dl
8534	28 0 Dl
8535	-14 -28 Dl
8536	2603 3049 MXY
8537	-14 27 Dl
8538	28 0 Dl
8539	-14 -27 Dl
8540	2580 2918 MXY
8541	-14 28 Dl
8542	28 0 Dl
8543	-14 -28 Dl
8544	2569 2716 MXY
8545	-14 27 Dl
8546	27 0 Dl
8547	-13 -27 Dl
8548	3 Dt
8549	-1 Ds
8550	3 f
8551	8 s
8552	2418 4286(Figure)N
8553	2628(5c:)X
8554	1 f
8555	2738(User)X
8556	2887(Time)X
8557	3051(for)X
8558	3154(dictionary)X
8559	3442(data)X
8560	3577(set)X
8561	3677(with)X
8562	3820(1M)X
8563	3938(of)X
8564	4019(buffer)X
8565	2418 4374(space)N
8566	2579(and)X
8567	2691(varying)X
8568	2906(bucket)X
8569	3096(sizes)X
8570	3240(and)X
8571	3352(\256ll)X
8572	3443(factors.)X
8573	3667(Each)X
8574	3813(line)X
8575	3928(is)X
8576	3990(labeled)X
8577	2418 4462(with)N
8578	2548(its)X
8579	2625(bucket)X
8580	2811(size.)X
8581	10 s
8582	10 f
8583	2418 4638 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
8584	1 f
8585	2590 4840(Since)N
8586	2796(no)X
8587	2904(known)X
8588	3150(hash)X
8589	3325(function)X
8590	3620(performs)X
8591	3938(equally)X
8592	2418 4928(well)N
8593	2589(on)X
8594	2702(all)X
8595	2815(possible)X
8596	3110(data,)X
8597	3297(the)X
8598	3428(user)X
8599	3595(may)X
8600	3766(\256nd)X
8601	3923(that)X
8602	4076(the)X
8603	2418 5016(built-in)N
8604	2678(hash)X
8605	2849(function)X
8606	3140(does)X
8607	3311(poorly)X
8608	3544(on)X
8609	3648(a)X
8610	3708(particular)X
8611	4040(data)X
8612	2418 5104(set.)N
8613	2548(In)X
8614	2636(this)X
8615	2771(case,)X
8616	2950(a)X
8617	3006(hash)X
8618	3173(function,)X
8619	3480(taking)X
8620	3700(two)X
8621	3840(arguments)X
8622	2418 5192(\(a)N
8623	2507(pointer)X
8624	2760(to)X
8625	2848(a)X
8626	2910(byte)X
8627	3074(string)X
8628	3282(and)X
8629	3424(a)X
8630	3486(length\))X
8631	3739(and)X
8632	3880(returning)X
8633	2418 5280(an)N
8634	2517(unsigned)X
8635	2829(long)X
8636	2993(to)X
8637	3077(be)X
8638	3175(used)X
8639	3344(as)X
8640	3433(the)X
8641	3553(hash)X
8642	3722(value,)X
8643	3938(may)X
8644	4098(be)X
8645	2418 5368(speci\256ed)N
8646	2731(at)X
8647	2817(hash)X
8648	2992(table)X
8649	3176(creation)X
8650	3463(time.)X
8651	3673(When)X
8652	3893(an)X
8653	3996(exist-)X
8654	2418 5456(ing)N
8655	2570(hash)X
8656	2767(table)X
8657	2973(is)X
8658	3076(opened)X
8659	3358(and)X
8660	3524(a)X
8661	3609(hash)X
8662	3805(function)X
8663	4121(is)X
8664	2418 5544(speci\256ed,)N
8665	2752(the)X
8666	2879(hash)X
8667	3054(package)X
8668	3346(will)X
8669	3498(try)X
8670	3615(to)X
8671	3705(determine)X
8672	4054(that)X
8673	2418 5632(the)N
8674	2546(hash)X
8675	2723(function)X
8676	3020(supplied)X
8677	3321(is)X
8678	3404(the)X
8679	3532(one)X
8680	3678(with)X
8681	3850(which)X
8682	4076(the)X
8683	2418 5720(table)N
8684	2630(was)X
8685	2811(created.)X
8686	3139(There)X
8687	3382(are)X
8688	3536(a)X
8689	3627(variety)X
8690	3905(of)X
8691	4027(hash)X
8692	3 f
8693	432 5960(8)N
8694	2970(USENIX)X
8695	9 f
8696	3292(-)X
8697	3 f
8698	3356(Winter)X
8699	3621('91)X
8700	9 f
8701	3748(-)X
8702	3 f
8703	3812(Dallas,)X
8704	4065(TX)X
8705
8706	9 p
8707	%%Page: 9 9
8708	0(Courier)xf 0 f
8709	10 s 10 xH 0 xS 0 f
8710	3 f
8711	720 258(Seltzer)N
8712	977(&)X
8713	1064(Yigit)X
8714	3278(A)X
8715	3356(New)X
8716	3528(Hashing)X
8717	3831(Package)X
8718	4136(for)X
8719	4259(UNIX)X
8720	1 f
8721	720 538(functions)N
8722	1065(provided)X
8723	1397(with)X
8724	1586(the)X
8725	1731(package.)X
8726	2082(The)X
8727	2253(default)X
8728	720 626(function)N
8729	1014(for)X
8730	1135(the)X
8731	1260(package)X
8732	1551(is)X
8733	1631(the)X
8734	1755(one)X
8735	1897(which)X
8736	2119(offered)X
8737	2378(the)X
8738	720 714(best)N
8739	875(performance)X
8740	1308(in)X
8741	1396(terms)X
8742	1600(of)X
8743	1693(cycles)X
8744	1920(executed)X
8745	2232(per)X
8746	2360(call)X
8747	720 802(\(it)N
8748	827(did)X
8749	965(not)X
8750	1103(produce)X
8751	1398(the)X
8752	1531(fewest)X
8753	1776(collisions)X
8754	2117(although)X
8755	2432(it)X
8756	720 890(was)N
8757	866(within)X
8758	1091(a)X
8759	1148(small)X
8760	1341(percentage)X
8761	1710(of)X
8762	1797(the)X
8763	1915(function)X
8764	2202(that)X
8765	2342(pro-)X
8766	720 978(duced)N
8767	947(the)X
8768	1080(fewest)X
8769	1324(collisions\).)X
8770	1731(Again,)X
8771	1981(in)X
8772	2077(time)X
8773	2253(critical)X
8774	720 1066(applications,)N
8775	1152(users)X
8776	1342(are)X
8777	1466(encouraged)X
8778	1862(to)X
8779	1949(experiment)X
8780	2334(with)X
8781	720 1154(a)N
8782	783(variety)X
8783	1032(of)X
8784	1125(hash)X
8785	1298(functions)X
8786	1622(to)X
8787	1710(achieve)X
8788	1982(optimal)X
8789	2252(perfor-)X
8790	720 1242(mance.)N
8791	10 f
8792	720 1330 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
8793	3 f
8794	7 s
8795	1038 2925(Full)N
8796	1149(size)X
8797	1251(table)X
8798	1384(\(left\))X
8799	1547 2718(Fill)N
8800	1643(Factor)X
8801	2268 2662(64)N
8802	1964(32)X
8803	1674(16)X
8804	1384(8)X
8805	1093(4)X
8806	4 Ds
8807	1 Dt
8808	900 2280 MXY
8809	1548 0 Dl
8810	900 1879 MXY
8811	1548 0 Dl
8812	900 1506 MXY
8813	1548 0 Dl
8814	1563 2902 MXY
8815	111 0 Dl
8816	-1 Ds
8817	900 MX
8818	110 0 Dl
8819	1425 2828(System)N
8820	983(User)X
8821	1895 2778 MXY
8822	1895 2778 lineto
8823	1950 2778 lineto
8824	1950 2833 lineto
8825	1895 2833 lineto
8826	1895 2778 lineto
8827	closepath 21 1895 2778 1950 2833 Dp
8828	1342 MX
8829	1342 2778 lineto
8830	1397 2778 lineto
8831	1397 2833 lineto
8832	1342 2833 lineto
8833	1342 2778 lineto
8834	closepath 14 1342 2778 1397 2833 Dp
8835	900 MX
8836	900 2778 lineto
8837	955 2778 lineto
8838	955 2833 lineto
8839	900 2833 lineto
8840	900 2778 lineto
8841	closepath 3 900 2778 955 2833 Dp
8842	5 Dt
8843	2283 2211 MXY
8844	96 0 Dl
8845	1992 MX
8846	97 0 Dl
8847	1702 MX
8848	97 0 Dl
8849	1411 2252 MXY
8850	97 0 Dl
8851	4 Ds
8852	1 Dt
8853	2283 2211 MXY
8854	2283 2211 lineto
8855	2379 2211 lineto
8856	2379 2252 lineto
8857	2283 2252 lineto
8858	2283 2211 lineto
8859	closepath 14 2283 2211 2379 2252 Dp
8860	1992 MX
8861	1992 2211 lineto
8862	2089 2211 lineto
8863	2089 2252 lineto
8864	1992 2252 lineto
8865	1992 2211 lineto
8866	closepath 14 1992 2211 2089 2252 Dp
8867	1702 MX
8868	1702 2211 lineto
8869	1799 2211 lineto
8870	1799 2252 lineto
8871	1702 2252 lineto
8872	1702 2211 lineto
8873	closepath 14 1702 2211 1799 2252 Dp
8874	1411 2252 MXY
8875	1411 2252 lineto
8876	1508 2252 lineto
8877	1508 2294 lineto
8878	1411 2294 lineto
8879	1411 2252 lineto
8880	closepath 14 1411 2252 1508 2294 Dp
8881	2283 MX
8882	2283 2252 lineto
8883	2379 2252 lineto
8884	2379 2612 lineto
8885	2283 2612 lineto
8886	2283 2252 lineto
8887	closepath 3 2283 2252 2379 2612 Dp
8888	1992 MX
8889	1992 2252 lineto
8890	2089 2252 lineto
8891	2089 2612 lineto
8892	1992 2612 lineto
8893	1992 2252 lineto
8894	closepath 3 1992 2252 2089 2612 Dp
8895	1702 MX
8896	1702 2252 lineto
8897	1799 2252 lineto
8898	1799 2612 lineto
8899	1702 2612 lineto
8900	1702 2252 lineto
8901	closepath 3 1702 2252 1799 2612 Dp
8902	1411 2294 MXY
8903	1411 2294 lineto
8904	1508 2294 lineto
8905	1508 2612 lineto
8906	1411 2612 lineto
8907	1411 2294 lineto
8908	closepath 3 1411 2294 1508 2612 Dp
8909	-1 Ds
8910	2158 2238 MXY
8911	2158 2238 lineto
8912	2255 2238 lineto
8913	2255 2252 lineto
8914	2158 2252 lineto
8915	2158 2238 lineto
8916	closepath 21 2158 2238 2255 2252 Dp
8917	1868 MX
8918	1868 2238 lineto
8919	1965 2238 lineto
8920	1965 2280 lineto
8921	1868 2280 lineto
8922	1868 2238 lineto
8923	closepath 21 1868 2238 1965 2280 Dp
8924	1577 MX
8925	1577 2238 lineto
8926	1674 2238 lineto
8927	1674 2308 lineto
8928	1577 2308 lineto
8929	1577 2238 lineto
8930	closepath 21 1577 2238 1674 2308 Dp
8931	1287 2308 MXY
8932	1287 2308 lineto
8933	1287 2280 lineto
8934	1384 2280 lineto
8935	1384 2308 lineto
8936	1287 2308 lineto
8937	closepath 21 1287 2280 1384 2308 Dp
8938	2158 2280 MXY
8939	2158 2280 lineto
8940	2158 2252 lineto
8941	2255 2252 lineto
8942	2255 2280 lineto
8943	2158 2280 lineto
8944	closepath 14 2158 2252 2255 2280 Dp
8945	1868 2308 MXY
8946	1868 2308 lineto
8947	1868 2280 lineto
8948	1965 2280 lineto
8949	1965 2308 lineto
8950	1868 2308 lineto
8951	closepath 14 1868 2280 1965 2308 Dp
8952	1577 2335 MXY
8953	1577 2335 lineto
8954	1577 2308 lineto
8955	1674 2308 lineto
8956	1674 2335 lineto
8957	1577 2335 lineto
8958	closepath 14 1577 2308 1674 2335 Dp
8959	1287 2363 MXY
8960	1287 2363 lineto
8961	1287 2308 lineto
8962	1384 2308 lineto
8963	1384 2363 lineto
8964	1287 2363 lineto
8965	closepath 14 1287 2308 1384 2363 Dp
8966	2158 2280 MXY
8967	2158 2280 lineto
8968	2255 2280 lineto
8969	2255 2612 lineto
8970	2158 2612 lineto
8971	2158 2280 lineto
8972	closepath 3 2158 2280 2255 2612 Dp
8973	1868 2308 MXY
8974	1868 2308 lineto
8975	1965 2308 lineto
8976	1965 2612 lineto
8977	1868 2612 lineto
8978	1868 2308 lineto
8979	closepath 3 1868 2308 1965 2612 Dp
8980	1577 2335 MXY
8981	1577 2335 lineto
8982	1674 2335 lineto
8983	1674 2612 lineto
8984	1577 2612 lineto
8985	1577 2335 lineto
8986	closepath 3 1577 2335 1674 2612 Dp
8987	1287 2363 MXY
8988	1287 2363 lineto
8989	1384 2363 lineto
8990	1384 2612 lineto
8991	1287 2612 lineto
8992	1287 2363 lineto
8993	closepath 3 1287 2363 1384 2612 Dp
8994	4 Ds
8995	1121 2066 MXY
8996	1121 2066 lineto
8997	1218 2066 lineto
8998	1224 2080 lineto
8999	1127 2080 lineto
9000	1121 2066 lineto
9001	closepath 21 1121 2066 1224 2080 Dp
9002	2080 MY
9003	1121 2080 lineto
9004	1218 2080 lineto
9005	1218 2273 lineto
9006	1121 2273 lineto
9007	1121 2080 lineto
9008	closepath 14 1121 2080 1218 2273 Dp
9009	2273 MY
9010	1121 2273 lineto
9011	1218 2273 lineto
9012	1218 2612 lineto
9013	1121 2612 lineto
9014	1121 2273 lineto
9015	closepath 3 1121 2273 1218 2612 Dp
9016	-1 Ds
9017	997 1589 MXY
9018	997 1589 lineto
9019	1093 1589 lineto
9020	1093 1644 lineto
9021	997 1644 lineto
9022	997 1589 lineto
9023	closepath 21 997 1589 1093 1644 Dp
9024	1644 MY
9025	997 1644 lineto
9026	1093 1644 lineto
9027	1093 2280 lineto
9028	997 2280 lineto
9029	997 1644 lineto
9030	closepath 14 997 1644 1093 2280 Dp
9031	2280 MY
9032	997 2280 lineto
9033	1093 2280 lineto
9034	1093 2612 lineto
9035	997 2612 lineto
9036	997 2280 lineto
9037	closepath 3 997 2280 1093 2612 Dp
9038	10 s
9039	719 2093(s)N
9040	712 2037(d)N
9041	712 1982(n)N
9042	714 1927(o)N
9043	716 1872(c)N
9044	716 1816(e)N
9045	712 1761(S)N
9046	804 2286(10)N
9047	804 1899(20)N
9048	804 1540(30)N
9049	3 Dt
9050	900 1506 MXY
9051	0 1106 Dl
9052	1548 0 Dl
9053	7 s
9054	1978 2828(Elapsed)N
9055	1701 2925(Dynamically)N
9056	2018(grown)X
9057	2184(table)X
9058	2317(\(right\))X
9059	3 Dt
9060	-1 Ds
9061	8 s
9062	720 3180(Figure)N
9063	934(6:)X
9064	1 f
9065	1020(The)X
9066	1152(total)X
9067	1299(regions)X
9068	1520(indicate)X
9069	1755(the)X
9070	1865(difference)X
9071	2154(between)X
9072	2398(the)X
9073	720 3268(elapsed)N
9074	931(time)X
9075	1065(and)X
9076	1177(the)X
9077	1275(sum)X
9078	1402(of)X
9079	1475(the)X
9080	1573(system)X
9081	1771(and)X
9082	1883(user)X
9083	2008(time.)X
9084	2173(The)X
9085	2291(left)X
9086	2395(bar)X
9087	720 3356(of)N
9088	798(each)X
9089	939(set)X
9090	1035(depicts)X
9091	1241(the)X
9092	1344(timing)X
9093	1537(of)X
9094	1615(the)X
9095	1718(test)X
9096	1831(run)X
9097	1940(when)X
9098	2102(the)X
9099	2204(number)X
9100	2423(of)X
9101	720 3444(entries)N
9102	910(is)X
9103	973(known)X
9104	1167(in)X
9105	1237(advance.)X
9106	1496(The)X
9107	1614(right)X
9108	1754(bars)X
9109	1879(depict)X
9110	2054(the)X
9111	2151(timing)X
9112	2338(when)X
9113	720 3532(the)N
9114	814(\256le)X
9115	912(is)X
9116	971(grown)X
9117	1150(from)X
9118	1290(a)X
9119	1334(single)X
9120	1503(bucket.)X
9121	10 s
9122	10 f
9123	720 3708 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
9124	1 f
9125	892 3910(Since)N
9126	1131(this)X
9127	1307(hashing)X
9128	1617(package)X
9129	1942(provides)X
9130	2279(buffer)X
9131	720 3998(management,)N
9132	1188(the)X
9133	1323(amount)X
9134	1600(of)X
9135	1704(space)X
9136	1920(allocated)X
9137	2247(for)X
9138	2378(the)X
9139	720 4086(buffer)N
9140	948(pool)X
9141	1121(may)X
9142	1290(be)X
9143	1397(speci\256ed)X
9144	1713(by)X
9145	1824(the)X
9146	1953(user.)X
9147	2157(Using)X
9148	2378(the)X
9149	720 4174(same)N
9150	910(data)X
9151	1069(set)X
9152	1183(and)X
9153	1324(test)X
9154	1459(procedure)X
9155	1805(as)X
9156	1896(used)X
9157	2067(to)X
9158	2153(derive)X
9159	2378(the)X
9160	720 4262(graphs)N
9161	962(in)X
9162	1052(Figures)X
9163	1320(5a-c,)X
9164	1507(Figure)X
9165	1744(7)X
9166	1812(shows)X
9167	2039(the)X
9168	2164(impact)X
9169	2409(of)X
9170	720 4350(varying)N
9171	997(the)X
9172	1126(size)X
9173	1282(of)X
9174	1380(the)X
9175	1509(buffer)X
9176	1737(pool.)X
9177	1950(The)X
9178	2106(bucket)X
9179	2351(size)X
9180	720 4438(was)N
9181	873(set)X
9182	989(to)X
9183	1078(256)X
9184	1225(bytes)X
9185	1421(and)X
9186	1564(the)X
9187	1689(\256ll)X
9188	1804(factor)X
9189	2019(was)X
9190	2171(set)X
9191	2287(to)X
9192	2376(16.)X
9193	720 4526(The)N
9194	869(buffer)X
9195	1090(pool)X
9196	1256(size)X
9197	1404(was)X
9198	1552(varied)X
9199	1776(from)X
9200	1955(0)X
9201	2018(\(the)X
9202	2166(minimum)X
9203	720 4614(number)N
9204	986(of)X
9205	1074(pages)X
9206	1277(required)X
9207	1565(to)X
9208	1647(be)X
9209	1743(buffered\))X
9210	2063(to)X
9211	2145(1M.)X
9212	2316(With)X
9213	720 4702(1M)N
9214	854(of)X
9215	944(buffer)X
9216	1164(space,)X
9217	1386(the)X
9218	1507(package)X
9219	1794(performed)X
9220	2151(no)X
9221	2253(I/O)X
9222	2382(for)X
9223	720 4790(this)N
9224	871(data)X
9225	1040(set.)X
9226	1204(As)X
9227	1328(Figure)X
9228	1572(7)X
9229	1647(illustrates,)X
9230	2013(increasing)X
9231	2378(the)X
9232	720 4878(buffer)N
9233	944(pool)X
9234	1113(size)X
9235	1265(can)X
9236	1404(have)X
9237	1583(a)X
9238	1646(dramatic)X
9239	1954(affect)X
9240	2165(on)X
9241	2271(result-)X
9242	720 4966(ing)N
9243	842(performance.)X
9244	2 f
9245	8 s
9246	1269 4941(7)N
9247	1 f
9248	16 s
9249	720 5353 MXY
9250	864 0 Dl
9251	2 f
9252	8 s
9253	760 5408(7)N
9254	1 f
9255	9 s
9256	826 5433(Some)N
9257	1024(allocators)X
9258	1338(are)X
9259	1460(extremely)X
9260	1782(inef\256cient)X
9261	2107(at)X
9262	2192(allocating)X
9263	720 5513(memory.)N
9264	1029(If)X
9265	1110(you)X
9266	1251(\256nd)X
9267	1396(that)X
9268	1536(applications)X
9269	1916(are)X
9270	2036(running)X
9271	2292(out)X
9272	2416(of)X
9273	720 5593(memory)N
9274	1005(before)X
9275	1234(you)X
9276	1386(think)X
9277	1578(they)X
9278	1746(should,)X
9279	2000(try)X
9280	2124(varying)X
9281	2388(the)X
9282	720 5673(pagesize)N
9283	986(to)X
9284	1060(get)X
9285	1166(better)X
9286	1348(utilization)X
9287	1658(from)X
9288	1816(the)X
9289	1922(memory)X
9290	2180(allocator.)X
9291	10 s
9292	2830 1975 MXY
9293	0 -28 Dl
9294	28 0 Dl
9295	0 28 Dl
9296	-28 0 Dl
9297	2853 2004 MXY
9298	0 -27 Dl
9299	28 0 Dl
9300	0 27 Dl
9301	-28 0 Dl
9302	2876 2016 MXY
9303	0 -27 Dl
9304	27 0 Dl
9305	0 27 Dl
9306	-27 0 Dl
9307	2922 1998 MXY
9308	0 -27 Dl
9309	27 0 Dl
9310	0 27 Dl
9311	-27 0 Dl
9312	2967 2025 MXY
9313	0 -28 Dl
9314	28 0 Dl
9315	0 28 Dl
9316	-28 0 Dl
9317	3013 2031 MXY
9318	0 -28 Dl
9319	28 0 Dl
9320	0 28 Dl
9321	-28 0 Dl
9322	3059 MX
9323	0 -28 Dl
9324	27 0 Dl
9325	0 28 Dl
9326	-27 0 Dl
9327	3196 2052 MXY
9328	0 -28 Dl
9329	27 0 Dl
9330	0 28 Dl
9331	-27 0 Dl
9332	3561 2102 MXY
9333	0 -28 Dl
9334	28 0 Dl
9335	0 28 Dl
9336	-28 0 Dl
9337	4292 2105 MXY
9338	0 -28 Dl
9339	27 0 Dl
9340	0 28 Dl
9341	-27 0 Dl
9342	4 Ds
9343	1 Dt
9344	2844 1961 MXY
9345	23 30 Dl
9346	23 12 Dl
9347	45 -18 Dl
9348	46 26 Dl
9349	46 6 Dl
9350	45 0 Dl
9351	137 21 Dl
9352	366 50 Dl
9353	730 3 Dl
9354	9 s
9355	4227 2158(User)N
9356	-1 Ds
9357	3 Dt
9358	2830 1211 MXY
9359	27 Dc
9360	2853 1261 MXY
9361	27 Dc
9362	2876 1267 MXY
9363	27 Dc
9364	2921 1341 MXY
9365	27 Dc
9366	2967 1385 MXY
9367	27 Dc
9368	3013 1450 MXY
9369	27 Dc
9370	3059 1497 MXY
9371	27 Dc
9372	3196 1686 MXY
9373	27 Dc
9374	3561 2109 MXY
9375	27 Dc
9376	4292 2295 MXY
9377	27 Dc
9378	20 Ds
9379	1 Dt
9380	2844 1211 MXY
9381	23 50 Dl
9382	23 6 Dl
9383	45 74 Dl
9384	46 44 Dl
9385	46 65 Dl
9386	45 47 Dl
9387	137 189 Dl
9388	366 423 Dl
9389	730 186 Dl
9390	4181 2270(System)N
9391	-1 Ds
9392	3 Dt
9393	2844 583 MXY
9394	0 28 Dl
9395	0 -14 Dl
9396	14 0 Dl
9397	-28 0 Dl
9398	2867 672 MXY
9399	0 27 Dl
9400	0 -14 Dl
9401	14 0 Dl
9402	-28 0 Dl
9403	2890 701 MXY
9404	0 28 Dl
9405	0 -14 Dl
9406	13 0 Dl
9407	-27 0 Dl
9408	2935 819 MXY
9409	0 28 Dl
9410	0 -14 Dl
9411	14 0 Dl
9412	-27 0 Dl
9413	2981 849 MXY
9414	0 28 Dl
9415	0 -14 Dl
9416	14 0 Dl
9417	-28 0 Dl
9418	3027 908 MXY
9419	0 27 Dl
9420	0 -13 Dl
9421	14 0 Dl
9422	-28 0 Dl
9423	3072 1026 MXY
9424	0 27 Dl
9425	0 -13 Dl
9426	14 0 Dl
9427	-27 0 Dl
9428	3209 1292 MXY
9429	0 27 Dl
9430	0 -14 Dl
9431	14 0 Dl
9432	-27 0 Dl
9433	3575 1823 MXY
9434	0 28 Dl
9435	0 -14 Dl
9436	14 0 Dl
9437	-28 0 Dl
9438	4305 2059 MXY
9439	0 28 Dl
9440	0 -14 Dl
9441	14 0 Dl
9442	-27 0 Dl
9443	5 Dt
9444	2844 597 MXY
9445	23 88 Dl
9446	23 30 Dl
9447	45 118 Dl
9448	46 30 Dl
9449	46 59 Dl
9450	45 118 Dl
9451	137 265 Dl
9452	366 532 Dl
9453	730 236 Dl
9454	4328 2103(Total)N
9455	2844 2310 MXY
9456	1461 0 Dl
9457	2844 MX
9458	0 -1772 Dl
9459	2310 MY
9460	0 18 Dl
9461	4 Ds
9462	1 Dt
9463	2310 MY
9464	0 -1772 Dl
9465	2826 2416(0)N
9466	-1 Ds
9467	5 Dt
9468	3209 2310 MXY
9469	0 18 Dl
9470	4 Ds
9471	1 Dt
9472	2310 MY
9473	0 -1772 Dl
9474	3155 2416(256)N
9475	-1 Ds
9476	5 Dt
9477	3575 2310 MXY
9478	0 18 Dl
9479	4 Ds
9480	1 Dt
9481	2310 MY
9482	0 -1772 Dl
9483	3521 2416(512)N
9484	-1 Ds
9485	5 Dt
9486	3940 2310 MXY
9487	0 18 Dl
9488	4 Ds
9489	1 Dt
9490	2310 MY
9491	0 -1772 Dl
9492	3886 2416(768)N
9493	-1 Ds
9494	5 Dt
9495	4305 2310 MXY
9496	0 18 Dl
9497	4 Ds
9498	1 Dt
9499	2310 MY
9500	0 -1772 Dl
9501	4233 2416(1024)N
9502	-1 Ds
9503	5 Dt
9504	2844 2310 MXY
9505	-18 0 Dl
9506	4 Ds
9507	1 Dt
9508	2844 MX
9509	1461 0 Dl
9510	2771 2340(0)N
9511	-1 Ds
9512	5 Dt
9513	2844 2014 MXY
9514	-18 0 Dl
9515	2844 1719 MXY
9516	-18 0 Dl
9517	4 Ds
9518	1 Dt
9519	2844 MX
9520	1461 0 Dl
9521	2735 1749(20)N
9522	-1 Ds
9523	5 Dt
9524	2844 1423 MXY
9525	-18 0 Dl
9526	2844 1128 MXY
9527	-18 0 Dl
9528	4 Ds
9529	1 Dt
9530	2844 MX
9531	1461 0 Dl
9532	2735 1158(40)N
9533	-1 Ds
9534	5 Dt
9535	2844 833 MXY
9536	-18 0 Dl
9537	2844 538 MXY
9538	-18 0 Dl
9539	4 Ds
9540	1 Dt
9541	2844 MX
9542	1461 0 Dl
9543	2735 568(60)N
9544	3239 2529(Buffer)N
9545	3445(Pool)X
9546	3595(Size)X
9547	3737(\(in)X
9548	3835(K\))X
9549	2695 1259(S)N
9550	2699 1324(e)N
9551	2699 1388(c)N
9552	2697 1452(o)N
9553	2697 1517(n)N
9554	2697 1581(d)N
9555	2701 1645(s)N
9556	3 Dt
9557	-1 Ds
9558	3 f
9559	8 s
9560	2706 2773(Figure)N
9561	2908(7:)X
9562	1 f
9563	2982(User)X
9564	3123(time)X
9565	3258(is)X
9566	3322(virtually)X
9567	3560(insensitive)X
9568	3854(to)X
9569	3924(the)X
9570	4022(amount)X
9571	4234(of)X
9572	4307(buffer)X
9573	2706 2861(pool)N
9574	2852(available,)X
9575	3130(however,)X
9576	3396(both)X
9577	3541(system)X
9578	3750(time)X
9579	3895(and)X
9580	4018(elapsed)X
9581	4240(time)X
9582	4385(are)X
9583	2706 2949(inversely)N
9584	2960(proportional)X
9585	3296(to)X
9586	3366(the)X
9587	3464(size)X
9588	3583(of)X
9589	3656(the)X
9590	3753(buffer)X
9591	3927(pool.)X
9592	4092(Even)X
9593	4242(for)X
9594	4335(large)X
9595	2706 3037(data)N
9596	2831(sets)X
9597	2946(where)X
9598	3120(one)X
9599	3230(expects)X
9600	3439(few)X
9601	3552(collisions,)X
9602	3832(specifying)X
9603	4116(a)X
9604	4162(large)X
9605	4307(buffer)X
9606	2706 3125(pool)N
9607	2836(dramatically)X
9608	3171(improves)X
9609	3425(performance.)X
9610	10 s
9611	10 f
9612	2706 3301 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
9613	3 f
9614	3175 3543(Enhanced)N
9615	3536(Functionality)X
9616	1 f
9617	2878 3675(This)N
9618	3046(hashing)X
9619	3320(package)X
9620	3609(provides)X
9621	3910(a)X
9622	3971(set)X
9623	4085(of)X
9624	4177(compati-)X
9625	2706 3763(bility)N
9626	2895(routines)X
9627	3174(to)X
9628	3257(implement)X
9629	3620(the)X
9630	2 f
9631	3739(ndbm)X
9632	1 f
9633	3937(interface.)X
9634	4279(How-)X
9635	2706 3851(ever,)N
9636	2893(when)X
9637	3095(the)X
9638	3220(native)X
9639	3443(interface)X
9640	3752(is)X
9641	3832(used,)X
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9644	2706 3939(additional)N
9645	3046(functionality)X
9646	3475(is)X
9647	3548(provided:)X
9648	10 f
9649	2798 4071(g)N
9650	1 f
9651	2946(Inserts)X
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9654	3556(because)X
9655	3847(too)X
9656	3985(many)X
9657	4199(keys)X
9658	2946 4159(hash)N
9659	3113(to)X
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9661	3313(same)X
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9664	2798 4247(g)N
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9666	2946(Inserts)X
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9669	3527(because)X
9670	3808(key)X
9671	3950(and/or)X
9672	4181(asso-)X
9673	2946 4335(ciated)N
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9684	3607(be)X
9685	3703(user-speci\256ed.)X
9686	10 f
9687	2798 4511(g)N
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9697	2706 4731(It)N
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9700	3298(a)X
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9705	4400(to)X
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9707	3087(the)X
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9725	3464(beyond)X
9726	2 f
9727	3720(nelem)X
9728	1 f
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9730	10 f
9731	2798 5127(g)N
9732	1 f
9733	2946(Multiple)X
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9735	3420(tables)X
9736	3632(may)X
9737	3795(be)X
9738	3896(accessed)X
9739	4203(con-)X
9740	2946 5215(currently.)N
9741	10 f
9742	2798 5303(g)N
9743	1 f
9744	2946(Hash)X
9745	3134(tables)X
9746	3344(may)X
9747	3505(be)X
9748	3604(stored)X
9749	3823(and)X
9750	3962(accessed)X
9751	4266(on)X
9752	2946 5391(disk.)N
9753	10 f
9754	2798 5479(g)N
9755	1 f
9756	2946(Hash)X
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9758	3497(may)X
9759	3679(be)X
9760	3799(user-speci\256ed)X
9761	4288(at)X
9762	2946 5567(runtime.)N
9763	3 f
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9765	9 f
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9776
9777	10 p
9778	%%Page: 10 10
9779	0(Courier)xf 0 f
9780	10 s 10 xH 0 xS 0 f
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9790	4007(Yigit)X
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9825	2126(to)X
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10027	2050(runs)X
10028	432 2808(was)N
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10041	3 f
10042	1021 3050(Disk)N
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10058	432 3270(\256ll)N
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10062	3 f
10063	432 3384(create)N
10064	663(test)X
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10066	547 3498(The)N
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10077	669(is)X
10078	742(\257ushed)X
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10080	1075(disk.)X
10081	3 f
10082	432 3700(read)N
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10084	1 f
10085	547 3814(A)N
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10094	2041(hash)X
10095	547 3902(table.)N
10096	3 f
10097	432 4016(verify)N
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10099	1 f
10100	547 4130(A)N
10101	640(lookup)X
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10125	3 f
10126	432 4420(sequential)N
10127	798(retrieve)X
10128	1 f
10129	547 4534(All)N
10130	674(keys)X
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10137	2090(the)X
10138	547 4622(hash)N
10139	724(table.)X
10140	950(The)X
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10142	1105(ndbm)X
10143	1 f
10144	1313(interface)X
10145	1625(allows)X
10146	1863(sequential)X
10147	547 4710(retrieval)N
10148	848(of)X
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10155	2041(does)X
10156	547 4798(not)N
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10163	2052(key.)X
10164	547 4886(Therefore,)N
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10169	1980(of)X
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10185	697(case,)X
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10190	1335(only)X
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10195	2090(the)X
10196	547 5150(second,)N
10197	2 f
10198	823(ndbm)X
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10200	1034(returns)X
10201	1290(both)X
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10207	547 5238(\(requiring)N
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10212	1432(the)X
10213	1555(library\).)X
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10217	547 5326(single)N
10218	764(run)X
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10222	1300(library)X
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10226	2046(both)X
10227	547 5414(the)N
10228	665(key)X
10229	801(and)X
10230	937(the)X
10231	1055(data.)X
10232	3 f
10233	3014 538(In-Memory)N
10234	3431(Test)X
10235	1 f
10236	2590 670(This)N
10237	2757(test)X
10238	2892(uses)X
10239	3054(a)X
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10247	4048(fac-)X
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10249	2527(of)X
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10251	3 f
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10253	2827(test)X
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10255	2533 986(In)N
10256	2627(this)X
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10266	2533 1074(the)N
10267	2660(key/data)X
10268	2961(pairs.)X
10269	3186(Then)X
10270	3380(a)X
10271	3445(keyed)X
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10273	3963(is)X
10274	4044(per-)X
10275	2533 1162(formed)N
10276	2801(for)X
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10278	3115(pair,)X
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10280	3446(the)X
10281	3579(hash)X
10282	3761(table)X
10283	3952(is)X
10284	4040(des-)X
10285	2533 1250(troyed.)N
10286	3 f
10287	2938 1404(Performance)N
10288	3405(Results)X
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10290	2590 1536(Figures)N
10291	2866(8a)X
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10294	3246(show)X
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10297	3755(time,)X
10298	3952(system)X
10299	2418 1624(time,)N
10300	2608(and)X
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10302	3021(time)X
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10309	4040(new)X
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10311	2951(and)X
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10315	3893(\()X
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10339	2787(of)X
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10342	3114(running)X
10343	3383(time:)X
10344	0 f
10345	8 s
10346	2418 2275(%)N
10347	2494(=)X
10348	2570(100)X
10349	2722(*)X
10350	2798 -0.4219(\(old_time)AX
10351	3178(-)X
10352	3254 -0.4219(new_time\))AX
10353	3634(/)X
10354	3710(old_time)X
10355	1 f
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10357	2590 2600(In)N
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10362	3439(new)X
10363	3615(routines)X
10364	3915(perform)X
10365	2418 2688(better)N
10366	2628(than)X
10367	2793(the)X
10368	2918(old)X
10369	3047(routines)X
10370	3332(\(both)X
10371	2 f
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10373	1 f
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10376	3949(ndbm)X
10377	1 f
10378	4127(\).)X
10379	2418 2776(Although)N
10380	2755(the)X
10381	3 f
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10383	1 f
10384	3134(tests)X
10385	3311(exhibit)X
10386	3567(superior)X
10387	3864(user)X
10388	4032(time)X
10389	2418 2864(performance,)N
10390	2869(the)X
10391	2991(test)X
10392	3126(time)X
10393	3292(is)X
10394	3369(dominated)X
10395	3731(by)X
10396	3834(the)X
10397	3955(cost)X
10398	4107(of)X
10399	2418 2952(writing)N
10400	2677(the)X
10401	2803(actual)X
10402	3023(\256le)X
10403	3153(to)X
10404	3243(disk.)X
10405	3444(For)X
10406	3583(the)X
10407	3709(large)X
10408	3897(database)X
10409	2418 3040(\(the)N
10410	2564(dictionary\),)X
10411	2957(this)X
10412	3093(completely)X
10413	3470(overwhelmed)X
10414	3927(the)X
10415	4045(sys-)X
10416	2418 3128(tem)N
10417	2570(time.)X
10418	2783(However,)X
10419	3129(for)X
10420	3254(the)X
10421	3383(small)X
10422	3587(data)X
10423	3752(base,)X
10424	3946(we)X
10425	4071(see)X
10426	2418 3216(that)N
10427	2569(differences)X
10428	2958(in)X
10429	3051(both)X
10430	3224(user)X
10431	3389(and)X
10432	3536(system)X
10433	3788(time)X
10434	3960(contri-)X
10435	2418 3304(bute)N
10436	2576(to)X
10437	2658(the)X
10438	2776(superior)X
10439	3059(performance)X
10440	3486(of)X
10441	3573(the)X
10442	3691(new)X
10443	3845(package.)X
10444	2590 3418(The)N
10445	3 f
10446	2764(read)X
10447	1 f
10448	2920(,)X
10449	3 f
10450	2989(verify)X
10451	1 f
10452	3190(,)X
10453	3259(and)X
10454	3 f
10455	3424(sequential)X
10456	1 f
10457	3818(results)X
10458	4075(are)X
10459	2418 3506(deceptive)N
10460	2758(for)X
10461	2883(the)X
10462	3012(small)X
10463	3216(database)X
10464	3524(since)X
10465	3720(the)X
10466	3849(entire)X
10467	4063(test)X
10468	2418 3594(ran)N
10469	2551(in)X
10470	2643(under)X
10471	2856(a)X
10472	2922(second.)X
10473	3215(However,)X
10474	3560(on)X
10475	3669(the)X
10476	3796(larger)X
10477	4013(data-)X
10478	2418 3682(base)N
10479	2590(the)X
10480	3 f
10481	2716(read)X
10482	1 f
10483	2900(and)X
10484	3 f
10485	3044(verify)X
10486	1 f
10487	3273(tests)X
10488	3443(bene\256t)X
10489	3689(from)X
10490	3873(the)X
10491	3999(cach-)X
10492	2418 3770(ing)N
10493	2546(of)X
10494	2639(buckets)X
10495	2910(in)X
10496	2998(the)X
10497	3122(new)X
10498	3282(package)X
10499	3571(to)X
10500	3658(improve)X
10501	3950(perfor-)X
10502	2418 3858(mance)N
10503	2666(by)X
10504	2784(over)X
10505	2965(80%.)X
10506	3169(Since)X
10507	3384(the)X
10508	3519(\256rst)X
10509	3 f
10510	3680(sequential)X
10511	1 f
10512	4063(test)X
10513	2418 3946(does)N
10514	2598(not)X
10515	2733(require)X
10516	2 f
10517	2994(ndbm)X
10518	1 f
10519	3205(to)X
10520	3299(return)X
10521	3523(the)X
10522	3653(data)X
10523	3819(values,)X
10524	4076(the)X
10525	2418 4034(user)N
10526	2573(time)X
10527	2735(is)X
10528	2808(lower)X
10529	3011(than)X
10530	3169(for)X
10531	3283(the)X
10532	3401(new)X
10533	3555(package.)X
10534	3879(However)X
10535	2418 4122(when)N
10536	2613(we)X
10537	2728(require)X
10538	2977(both)X
10539	3139(packages)X
10540	3454(to)X
10541	3536(return)X
10542	3748(data,)X
10543	3922(the)X
10544	4040(new)X
10545	2418 4210(package)N
10546	2702(excels)X
10547	2923(in)X
10548	3005(all)X
10549	3105(three)X
10550	3286(timings.)X
10551	2590 4324(The)N
10552	2773(small)X
10553	3003(database)X
10554	3337(runs)X
10555	3532(so)X
10556	3660(quickly)X
10557	3957(in)X
10558	4076(the)X
10559	2418 4412(memory-resident)N
10560	3000(case)X
10561	3173(that)X
10562	3326(the)X
10563	3457(results)X
10564	3699(are)X
10565	3831(uninterest-)X
10566	2418 4500(ing.)N
10567	2589(However,)X
10568	2933(for)X
10569	3056(the)X
10570	3183(larger)X
10571	3400(database)X
10572	3706(the)X
10573	3833(new)X
10574	3995(pack-)X
10575	2418 4588(age)N
10576	2567(pays)X
10577	2751(a)X
10578	2824(small)X
10579	3033(penalty)X
10580	3305(in)X
10581	3403(system)X
10582	3661(time)X
10583	3839(because)X
10584	4130(it)X
10585	2418 4676(limits)N
10586	2636(its)X
10587	2748(main)X
10588	2944(memory)X
10589	3247(utilization)X
10590	3607(and)X
10591	3759(swaps)X
10592	3991(pages)X
10593	2418 4764(out)N
10594	2550(to)X
10595	2642(temporary)X
10596	3002(storage)X
10597	3264(in)X
10598	3356(the)X
10599	3484(\256le)X
10600	3616(system)X
10601	3868(while)X
10602	4076(the)X
10603	2 f
10604	2418 4852(hsearch)N
10605	1 f
10606	2698(package)X
10607	2988(requires)X
10608	3273(that)X
10609	3419(the)X
10610	3543(application)X
10611	3924(allocate)X
10612	2418 4940(enough)N
10613	2692(space)X
10614	2909(for)X
10615	3041(all)X
10616	3159(key/data)X
10617	3468(pair.)X
10618	3670(However,)X
10619	4022(even)X
10620	2418 5028(with)N
10621	2600(the)X
10622	2738(system)X
10623	3000(time)X
10624	3182(penalty,)X
10625	3477(the)X
10626	3614(resulting)X
10627	3933(elapsed)X
10628	2418 5116(time)N
10629	2580(improves)X
10630	2898(by)X
10631	2998(over)X
10632	3161(50%.)X
10633	3 f
10634	432 5960(10)N
10635	2970(USENIX)X
10636	9 f
10637	3292(-)X
10638	3 f
10639	3356(Winter)X
10640	3621('91)X
10641	9 f
10642	3748(-)X
10643	3 f
10644	3812(Dallas,)X
10645	4065(TX)X
10646
10647	11 p
10648	%%Page: 11 11
10649	0(Courier)xf 0 f
10650	10 s 10 xH 0 xS 0 f
10651	3 f
10652	720 258(Seltzer)N
10653	977(&)X
10654	1064(Yigit)X
10655	3278(A)X
10656	3356(New)X
10657	3528(Hashing)X
10658	3831(Package)X
10659	4136(for)X
10660	4259(UNIX)X
10661	1 f
10662	10 f
10663	908 454(i)N
10664	927(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10665	2 f
10666	1379 546(hash)N
10667	1652(ndbm)X
10668	1950(%change)X
10669	1 f
10670	10 f
10671	908 550(i)N
10672	927(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10673	1 f
10674	948 642(CREATE)N
10675	10 f
10676	908 646(i)N
10677	927(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10678	1 f
10679	1125 738(user)N
10680	1424(6.4)X
10681	1671(12.2)X
10682	2073(48)X
10683	1157 826(sys)N
10684	1384(32.5)X
10685	1671(34.7)X
10686	2113(6)X
10687	3 f
10688	1006 914(elapsed)N
10689	10 f
10690	1310 922(c)N
10691	890(c)Y
10692	810(c)Y
10693	730(c)Y
10694	3 f
10695	1384 914(90.4)N
10696	10 f
10697	1581 922(c)N
10698	890(c)Y
10699	810(c)Y
10700	730(c)Y
10701	3 f
10702	1671 914(99.6)N
10703	10 f
10704	1883 922(c)N
10705	890(c)Y
10706	810(c)Y
10707	730(c)Y
10708	3 f
10709	2113 914(9)N
10710	1 f
10711	10 f
10712	908 910(i)N
10713	927(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10714	908 926(i)N
10715	927(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10716	1 f
10717	948 1010(READ)N
10718	10 f
10719	908 1014(i)N
10720	927(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10721	1 f
10722	1125 1106(user)N
10723	1424(3.4)X
10724	1711(6.1)X
10725	2073(44)X
10726	1157 1194(sys)N
10727	1424(1.2)X
10728	1671(15.3)X
10729	2073(92)X
10730	3 f
10731	1006 1282(elapsed)N
10732	10 f
10733	1310 1290(c)N
10734	1258(c)Y
10735	1178(c)Y
10736	1098(c)Y
10737	3 f
10738	1424 1282(4.0)N
10739	10 f
10740	1581 1290(c)N
10741	1258(c)Y
10742	1178(c)Y
10743	1098(c)Y
10744	3 f
10745	1671 1282(21.2)N
10746	10 f
10747	1883 1290(c)N
10748	1258(c)Y
10749	1178(c)Y
10750	1098(c)Y
10751	3 f
10752	2073 1282(81)N
10753	1 f
10754	10 f
10755	908 1278(i)N
10756	927(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10757	908 1294(i)N
10758	927(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10759	1 f
10760	948 1378(VERIFY)N
10761	10 f
10762	908 1382(i)N
10763	927(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10764	1 f
10765	1125 1474(user)N
10766	1424(3.5)X
10767	1711(6.3)X
10768	2073(44)X
10769	1157 1562(sys)N
10770	1424(1.2)X
10771	1671(15.3)X
10772	2073(92)X
10773	3 f
10774	1006 1650(elapsed)N
10775	10 f
10776	1310 1658(c)N
10777	1626(c)Y
10778	1546(c)Y
10779	1466(c)Y
10780	3 f
10781	1424 1650(4.0)N
10782	10 f
10783	1581 1658(c)N
10784	1626(c)Y
10785	1546(c)Y
10786	1466(c)Y
10787	3 f
10788	1671 1650(21.2)N
10789	10 f
10790	1883 1658(c)N
10791	1626(c)Y
10792	1546(c)Y
10793	1466(c)Y
10794	3 f
10795	2073 1650(81)N
10796	1 f
10797	10 f
10798	908 1646(i)N
10799	927(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10800	908 1662(i)N
10801	927(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10802	1 f
10803	948 1746(SEQUENTIAL)N
10804	10 f
10805	908 1750(i)N
10806	927(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10807	1 f
10808	1125 1842(user)N
10809	1424(2.7)X
10810	1711(1.9)X
10811	2046(-42)X
10812	1157 1930(sys)N
10813	1424(0.7)X
10814	1711(3.9)X
10815	2073(82)X
10816	3 f
10817	1006 2018(elapsed)N
10818	10 f
10819	1310 2026(c)N
10820	1994(c)Y
10821	1914(c)Y
10822	1834(c)Y
10823	3 f
10824	1424 2018(3.0)N
10825	10 f
10826	1581 2026(c)N
10827	1994(c)Y
10828	1914(c)Y
10829	1834(c)Y
10830	3 f
10831	1711 2018(5.0)N
10832	10 f
10833	1883 2026(c)N
10834	1994(c)Y
10835	1914(c)Y
10836	1834(c)Y
10837	3 f
10838	2073 2018(40)N
10839	1 f
10840	10 f
10841	908 2014(i)N
10842	927(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10843	908 2030(i)N
10844	927(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10845	1 f
10846	948 2114(SEQUENTIAL)N
10847	1467(\(with)X
10848	1656(data)X
10849	1810(retrieval\))X
10850	10 f
10851	908 2118(i)N
10852	927(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10853	1 f
10854	1125 2210(user)N
10855	1424(2.7)X
10856	1711(8.2)X
10857	2073(67)X
10858	1157 2298(sys)N
10859	1424(0.7)X
10860	1711(4.3)X
10861	2073(84)X
10862	3 f
10863	1006 2386(elapsed)N
10864	1424(3.0)X
10865	1671(12.0)X
10866	2073(75)X
10867	1 f
10868	10 f
10869	908 2390(i)N
10870	927(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10871	899 2394(c)N
10872	2378(c)Y
10873	2298(c)Y
10874	2218(c)Y
10875	2138(c)Y
10876	2058(c)Y
10877	1978(c)Y
10878	1898(c)Y
10879	1818(c)Y
10880	1738(c)Y
10881	1658(c)Y
10882	1578(c)Y
10883	1498(c)Y
10884	1418(c)Y
10885	1338(c)Y
10886	1258(c)Y
10887	1178(c)Y
10888	1098(c)Y
10889	1018(c)Y
10890	938(c)Y
10891	858(c)Y
10892	778(c)Y
10893	698(c)Y
10894	618(c)Y
10895	538(c)Y
10896	1310 2394(c)N
10897	2362(c)Y
10898	2282(c)Y
10899	2202(c)Y
10900	1581 2394(c)N
10901	2362(c)Y
10902	2282(c)Y
10903	2202(c)Y
10904	1883 2394(c)N
10905	2362(c)Y
10906	2282(c)Y
10907	2202(c)Y
10908	2278 2394(c)N
10909	2378(c)Y
10910	2298(c)Y
10911	2218(c)Y
10912	2138(c)Y
10913	2058(c)Y
10914	1978(c)Y
10915	1898(c)Y
10916	1818(c)Y
10917	1738(c)Y
10918	1658(c)Y
10919	1578(c)Y
10920	1498(c)Y
10921	1418(c)Y
10922	1338(c)Y
10923	1258(c)Y
10924	1178(c)Y
10925	1098(c)Y
10926	1018(c)Y
10927	938(c)Y
10928	858(c)Y
10929	778(c)Y
10930	698(c)Y
10931	618(c)Y
10932	538(c)Y
10933	905 2574(i)N
10934	930(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10935	2 f
10936	1318 2666(hash)N
10937	1585(hsearch)X
10938	1953(%change)X
10939	1 f
10940	10 f
10941	905 2670(i)N
10942	930(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10943	1 f
10944	945 2762(CREATE/READ)N
10945	10 f
10946	905 2766(i)N
10947	930(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10948	1 f
10949	1064 2858(user)N
10950	1343(6.6)X
10951	1642(17.2)X
10952	2096(62)X
10953	1096 2946(sys)N
10954	1343(1.1)X
10955	1682(0.3)X
10956	2029(-266)X
10957	3 f
10958	945 3034(elapsed)N
10959	1343(7.8)X
10960	1642(17.0)X
10961	2096(54)X
10962	1 f
10963	10 f
10964	905 3038(i)N
10965	930(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
10966	896 3050(c)N
10967	2978(c)Y
10968	2898(c)Y
10969	2818(c)Y
10970	2738(c)Y
10971	2658(c)Y
10972	1249 3034(c)N
10973	3010(c)Y
10974	2930(c)Y
10975	2850(c)Y
10976	1520 3034(c)N
10977	3010(c)Y
10978	2930(c)Y
10979	2850(c)Y
10980	1886 3034(c)N
10981	3010(c)Y
10982	2930(c)Y
10983	2850(c)Y
10984	2281 3050(c)N
10985	2978(c)Y
10986	2898(c)Y
10987	2818(c)Y
10988	2738(c)Y
10989	2658(c)Y
10990	3 f
10991	720 3174(Figure)N
10992	967(8a:)X
10993	1 f
10994	1094(Timing)X
10995	1349(results)X
10996	1578(for)X
10997	1692(the)X
10998	1810(dictionary)X
10999	2155(database.)X
11000	10 f
11001	720 3262 -0.0930(hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh)AN
11002	3 f
11003	1407 3504(Conclusion)N
11004	1 f
11005	892 3636(This)N
11006	1063(paper)X
11007	1271(has)X
11008	1407(presented)X
11009	1744(the)X
11010	1871(design,)X
11011	2129(implemen-)X
11012	720 3724(tation)N
11013	928(and)X
11014	1070(performance)X
11015	1503(of)X
11016	1596(a)X
11017	1658(new)X
11018	1818(hashing)X
11019	2093(package)X
11020	2382(for)X
11021	720 3812(UNIX.)N
11022	993(The)X
11023	1150(new)X
11024	1316(package)X
11025	1612(provides)X
11026	1919(a)X
11027	1986(superset)X
11028	2280(of)X
11029	2378(the)X
11030	720 3900(functionality)N
11031	1159(of)X
11032	1255(existing)X
11033	1537(hashing)X
11034	1815(packages)X
11035	2139(and)X
11036	2284(incor-)X
11037	720 3988(porates)N
11038	975(additional)X
11039	1318(features)X
11040	1596(such)X
11041	1766(as)X
11042	1855(large)X
11043	2038(key)X
11044	2176(handling,)X
11045	720 4076(user)N
11046	876(de\256ned)X
11047	1134(hash)X
11048	1302(functions,)X
11049	1641(multiple)X
11050	1928(hash)X
11051	2096(tables,)X
11052	2324(vari-)X
11053	720 4164(able)N
11054	894(sized)X
11055	1099(pages,)X
11056	1342(and)X
11057	1498(linear)X
11058	1721(hashing.)X
11059	2050(In)X
11060	2156(nearly)X
11061	2396(all)X
11062	720 4252(cases,)N
11063	954(the)X
11064	1096(new)X
11065	1274(package)X
11066	1582(provides)X
11067	1902(improved)X
11068	2252(perfor-)X
11069	720 4340(mance)N
11070	974(on)X
11071	1098(the)X
11072	1240(order)X
11073	1454(of)X
11074	1565(50-80%)X
11075	1863(for)X
11076	2001(the)X
11077	2142(workloads)X
11078	720 4428(shown.)N
11079	990(Applications)X
11080	1420(such)X
11081	1588(as)X
11082	1676(the)X
11083	1794(loader,)X
11084	2035(compiler,)X
11085	2360(and)X
11086	720 4516(mail,)N
11087	921(which)X
11088	1156(currently)X
11089	1485(implement)X
11090	1866(their)X
11091	2051(own)X
11092	2227(hashing)X
11093	720 4604(routines,)N
11094	1032(should)X
11095	1279(be)X
11096	1389(modi\256ed)X
11097	1706(to)X
11098	1801(use)X
11099	1941(the)X
11100	2072(generic)X
11101	2342(rou-)X
11102	720 4692(tines.)N
11103	892 4806(This)N
11104	1087(hashing)X
11105	1389(package)X
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11140	1750(length)X
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11147	1509(the)X
11148	1640(hashed)X
11149	1896(support)X
11150	2168(presented)X
11151	720 5334(here.)N
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11200	2706 626(such)N
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11207	4050(on)X
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11215	3631(support)X
11216	3899(multi-user)X
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11219	2804(transactions,)X
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11223	3723(incorporated)X
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11230	3365 1030(hash)N
11231	3638(ndbm)X
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11238	2934 1126(CREATE)N
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11240	2894 1130(i)N
11241	2913(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
11242	1 f
11243	3111 1222(user)N
11244	3390(0.2)X
11245	3677(0.4)X
11246	4079(50)X
11247	3143 1310(sys)N
11248	3390(0.1)X
11249	3677(1.0)X
11250	4079(90)X
11251	3 f
11252	2992 1398(elapsed)N
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11254	3296 1406(c)N
11255	1374(c)Y
11256	1294(c)Y
11257	1214(c)Y
11258	3 f
11259	3390 1398(0)N
11260	10 f
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11262	1374(c)Y
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11264	1214(c)Y
11265	3 f
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11269	1374(c)Y
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11271	1214(c)Y
11272	3 f
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11283	2894 1498(i)N
11284	2913(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
11285	1 f
11286	3111 1590(user)N
11287	3390(0.1)X
11288	3677(0.1)X
11289	4119(0)X
11290	3143 1678(sys)N
11291	3390(0.1)X
11292	3677(0.4)X
11293	4079(75)X
11294	3 f
11295	2992 1766(elapsed)N
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11297	3296 1774(c)N
11298	1742(c)Y
11299	1662(c)Y
11300	1582(c)Y
11301	3 f
11302	3390 1766(0.0)N
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11305	1742(c)Y
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11308	3 f
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11310	10 f
11311	3869 1774(c)N
11312	1742(c)Y
11313	1662(c)Y
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11315	3 f
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11330	3390(0.1)X
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11332	4079(50)X
11333	3143 2046(sys)N
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11370	2913(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
11371	1 f
11372	3111 2326(user)N
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11375	4012(-100)X
11376	3143 2414(sys)N
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11384	2478(c)Y
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11387	3 f
11388	3390 2502(0.0)N
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11390	3567 2510(c)N
11391	2478(c)Y
11392	2398(c)Y
11393	2318(c)Y
11394	3 f
11395	3677 2502(0.0)N
11396	10 f
11397	3869 2510(c)N
11398	2478(c)Y
11399	2398(c)Y
11400	2318(c)Y
11401	3 f
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11409	1 f
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11411	3453(\(with)X
11412	3642(data)X
11413	3796(retrieval\))X
11414	10 f
11415	2894 2602(i)N
11416	2913(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
11417	1 f
11418	3111 2694(user)N
11419	3390(0.1)X
11420	3677(0.1)X
11421	4119(0)X
11422	3143 2782(sys)N
11423	3390(0.1)X
11424	3677(0.1)X
11425	4119(0)X
11426	3 f
11427	2992 2870(elapsed)N
11428	3390(0.0)X
11429	3677(0.0)X
11430	4119(0)X
11431	1 f
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11433	2894 2874(i)N
11434	2913(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)X
11435	2885 2878(c)N
11436	2862(c)Y
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11467	2686(c)Y
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11513	3050 3342(user)N
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11522	2931 3518(elapsed)N
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11530	2882 3534(c)N
11531	3462(c)Y
11532	3382(c)Y
11533	3302(c)Y
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11535	3142(c)Y
11536	3235 3518(c)N
11537	3494(c)Y
11538	3414(c)Y
11539	3334(c)Y
11540	3506 3518(c)N
11541	3494(c)Y
11542	3414(c)Y
11543	3334(c)Y
11544	3872 3518(c)N
11545	3494(c)Y
11546	3414(c)Y
11547	3334(c)Y
11548	4267 3534(c)N
11549	3462(c)Y
11550	3382(c)Y
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11579	4085(1)X
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11582	4192(January,)X
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11585	3027(AT&T,)X
11586	3296(HSEARCH\(BA_LIB\),)X
11587	2 f
11588	4053(Unix)X
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11603	3651(``Reducing)X
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11682
11683	12 p
11684	%%Page: 12 12
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11789	1093(pp)X
11790	1193(446-457.)X
11791	432 2034([LIT80])N
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11926
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12175	9 f
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12186
12187	14 p
12188	%%Page: 14 14
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12203	4065(TX)X
12204
12205	14 p
12206	%%Trailer
12207	xt
12208
12209	xs

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