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| 37 | <body>
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| 38 | <h1 class="settitle">Installing GCC: Old documentation</h1>
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| 39 | <h1 align="center">Old installation documentation</h1>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | <p>Note most of this information is out of date and superseded by the
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| 42 | previous chapters of this manual. It is provided for historical
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| 43 | reference only, because of a lack of volunteers to merge it into the
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| 44 | main manual.
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| 45 |
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| 46 | <p>Here is the procedure for installing GNU CC on a GNU or Unix system.
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| 47 | See <a href="#VMS%20Install">VMS Install</a>, for VMS systems.
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| 48 |
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| 49 | <ol type=1 start=1>
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| 50 | <li>If you have chosen a configuration for GNU CC which requires other GNU
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| 51 | tools (such as GAS or the GNU linker) instead of the standard system
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| 52 | tools, install the required tools in the build directory under the names
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| 53 | <code>as</code>, <code>ld</code> or whatever is appropriate.
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| 54 |
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| 55 | <p>Alternatively, you can do subsequent compilation using a value of the
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| 56 | <code>PATH</code> environment variable such that the necessary GNU tools come
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| 57 | before the standard system tools.
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| 58 |
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| 59 | </p><li>Specify the host, build and target machine configurations. You do this
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| 60 | when you run the <code>configure</code> script.
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| 61 |
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| 62 | <p>The <dfn>build</dfn> machine is the system which you are using, the
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| 63 | <dfn>host</dfn> machine is the system where you want to run the resulting
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| 64 | compiler (normally the build machine), and the <dfn>target</dfn> machine is
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| 65 | the system for which you want the compiler to generate code.
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| 66 |
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| 67 | <p>If you are building a compiler to produce code for the machine it runs
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| 68 | on (a native compiler), you normally do not need to specify any operands
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| 69 | to <code>configure</code>; it will try to guess the type of machine you are on
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| 70 | and use that as the build, host and target machines. So you don't need
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| 71 | to specify a configuration when building a native compiler unless
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| 72 | <code>configure</code> cannot figure out what your configuration is or guesses
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| 73 | wrong.
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| 74 |
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| 75 | <p>In those cases, specify the build machine's <dfn>configuration name</dfn>
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| 76 | with the <code>--host</code> option; the host and target will default to be
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| 77 | the same as the host machine. (If you are building a cross-compiler,
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| 78 | see <a href="#Cross-Compiler">Cross-Compiler</a>.)
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| 79 |
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| 80 | <p>Here is an example:
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| 81 |
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| 82 | <pre class="smallexample"> ./configure --host=sparc-sun-sunos4.1
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| 83 | </pre>
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| 84 |
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| 85 | <p>A configuration name may be canonical or it may be more or less
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| 86 | abbreviated.
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| 87 |
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| 88 | <p>A canonical configuration name has three parts, separated by dashes.
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| 89 | It looks like this: <code></code><var>cpu</var><code>-</code><var>company</var><code>-</code><var>system</var><code></code>.
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| 90 | (The three parts may themselves contain dashes; <code>configure</code>
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| 91 | can figure out which dashes serve which purpose.) For example,
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| 92 | <code>m68k-sun-sunos4.1</code> specifies a Sun 3.
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| 93 |
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| 94 | <p>You can also replace parts of the configuration by nicknames or aliases.
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| 95 | For example, <code>sun3</code> stands for <code>m68k-sun</code>, so
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| 96 | <code>sun3-sunos4.1</code> is another way to specify a Sun 3.
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| 97 |
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| 98 | <p>You can specify a version number after any of the system types, and some
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| 99 | of the CPU types. In most cases, the version is irrelevant, and will be
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| 100 | ignored. So you might as well specify the version if you know it.
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| 101 |
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| 102 | <p>See <a href="#Configurations">Configurations</a>, for a list of supported configuration names and
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| 103 | notes on many of the configurations. You should check the notes in that
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| 104 | section before proceeding any further with the installation of GNU CC.
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| 105 |
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| 106 | </ol>
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| 107 |
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| 108 | <h2><a name="Configurations"></a>Configurations Supported by GNU CC</h2>
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| 109 |
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| 110 | <p>Here are the possible CPU types:
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| 111 |
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| 112 | <blockquote>
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| 113 | 1750a, a29k, alpha, arm, avr, c<var>n</var>, clipper, dsp16xx, elxsi, fr30, h8300,
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| 114 | hppa1.0, hppa1.1, i370, i386, i486, i586, i686, i786, i860, i960, ip2k, m32r,
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| 115 | m68000, m68k, m6811, m6812, m88k, mcore, mips, mipsel, mips64, mips64el,
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| 116 | mn10200, mn10300, ns32k, pdp11, powerpc, powerpcle, romp, rs6000, sh, sparc,
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| 117 | sparclite, sparc64, v850, vax, we32k.
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| 118 | </blockquote>
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| 119 |
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| 120 | <p>Here are the recognized company names. As you can see, customary
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| 121 | abbreviations are used rather than the longer official names.
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| 122 |
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| 123 | <blockquote>
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| 124 | acorn, alliant, altos, apollo, apple, att, bull,
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| 125 | cbm, convergent, convex, crds, dec, dg, dolphin,
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| 126 | elxsi, encore, harris, hitachi, hp, ibm, intergraph, isi,
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| 127 | mips, motorola, ncr, next, ns, omron, plexus,
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| 128 | sequent, sgi, sony, sun, tti, unicom, wrs.
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| 129 | </blockquote>
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| 130 |
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| 131 | <p>The company name is meaningful only to disambiguate when the rest of
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| 132 | the information supplied is insufficient. You can omit it, writing
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| 133 | just <code></code><var>cpu</var><code>-</code><var>system</var><code></code>, if it is not needed. For example,
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| 134 | <code>vax-ultrix4.2</code> is equivalent to <code>vax-dec-ultrix4.2</code>.
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| 135 |
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| 136 | <p>Here is a list of system types:
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| 137 |
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| 138 | <blockquote>
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| 139 | 386bsd, aix, acis, amigaos, aos, aout, aux, bosx, bsd, clix, coff, ctix, cxux,
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| 140 | dgux, dynix, ebmon, ecoff, elf, esix, freebsd, hms, genix, gnu, linux,
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| 141 | linux-gnu, hiux, hpux, iris, irix, isc, luna, lynxos, mach, minix, msdos, mvs,
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| 142 | netbsd, newsos, nindy, ns, osf, osfrose, ptx, riscix, riscos, rtu, sco, sim,
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| 143 | solaris, sunos, sym, sysv, udi, ultrix, unicos, uniplus, unos, vms, vsta,
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| 144 | vxworks, winnt, xenix.
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| 145 | </blockquote>
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| 146 |
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| 147 | <p>You can omit the system type; then <code>configure</code> guesses the
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| 148 | operating system from the CPU and company.
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| 149 |
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| 150 | <p>You can add a version number to the system type; this may or may not
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| 151 | make a difference. For example, you can write <code>bsd4.3</code> or
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| 152 | <code>bsd4.4</code> to distinguish versions of BSD. In practice, the version
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| 153 | number is most needed for <code>sysv3</code> and <code>sysv4</code>, which are often
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| 154 | treated differently.
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| 155 |
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| 156 | <p><code>linux-gnu</code> is the canonical name for the GNU/Linux target; however
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| 157 | GNU CC will also accept <code>linux</code>. The version of the kernel in use is
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| 158 | not relevant on these systems. A suffix such as <code>libc1</code> or <code>aout</code>
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| 159 | distinguishes major versions of the C library; all of the suffixed versions
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| 160 | are obsolete.
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| 161 |
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| 162 | <p>If you specify an impossible combination such as <code>i860-dg-vms</code>,
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| 163 | then you may get an error message from <code>configure</code>, or it may
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| 164 | ignore part of the information and do the best it can with the rest.
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| 165 | <code>configure</code> always prints the canonical name for the alternative
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| 166 | that it used. GNU CC does not support all possible alternatives.
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| 167 |
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| 168 | <p>Often a particular model of machine has a name. Many machine names are
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| 169 | recognized as aliases for CPU/company combinations. Thus, the machine
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| 170 | name <code>sun3</code>, mentioned above, is an alias for <code>m68k-sun</code>.
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| 171 | Sometimes we accept a company name as a machine name, when the name is
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| 172 | popularly used for a particular machine. Here is a table of the known
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| 173 | machine names:
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| 174 |
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| 175 | <blockquote>
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| 176 | 3300, 3b1, 3b<var>n</var>, 7300, altos3068, altos,
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| 177 | apollo68, att-7300, balance,
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| 178 | convex-c<var>n</var>, crds, decstation-3100,
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| 179 | decstation, delta, encore,
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| 180 | fx2800, gmicro, hp7<var>nn</var>, hp8<var>nn</var>,
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| 181 | hp9k2<var>nn</var>, hp9k3<var>nn</var>, hp9k7<var>nn</var>,
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| 182 | hp9k8<var>nn</var>, iris4d, iris, isi68,
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| 183 | m3230, magnum, merlin, miniframe,
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| 184 | mmax, news-3600, news800, news, next,
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| 185 | pbd, pc532, pmax, powerpc, powerpcle, ps2, risc-news,
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| 186 | rtpc, sun2, sun386i, sun386, sun3,
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| 187 | sun4, symmetry, tower-32, tower.
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| 188 | </blockquote>
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| 189 |
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| 190 | <p>Remember that a machine name specifies both the cpu type and the company
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| 191 | name.
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| 192 | If you want to install your own homemade configuration files, you can
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| 193 | use <code>local</code> as the company name to access them. If you use
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| 194 | configuration <code></code><var>cpu</var><code>-local</code>, the configuration name
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| 195 | without the cpu prefix
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| 196 | is used to form the configuration file names.
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| 197 |
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| 198 | <p>Thus, if you specify <code>m68k-local</code>, configuration uses
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| 199 | files <code>m68k.md</code>, <code>local.h</code>, <code>m68k.c</code>,
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| 200 | <code>xm-local.h</code>, <code>t-local</code>, and <code>x-local</code>, all in the
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| 201 | directory <code>config/m68k</code>.
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| 202 |
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| 203 | <p>Here is a list of configurations that have special treatment or special
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| 204 | things you must know:
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| 205 |
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| 206 | <dl>
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| 207 | <dt><code>vax-dec-vms</code>
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| 208 | <dd>See <a href="#VMS%20Install">VMS Install</a>, for details on how to install GNU CC on VMS.
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| 209 | </dl>
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| 210 |
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| 211 | <h2><a name="Cross-Compiler"></a>Building and Installing a Cross-Compiler</h2>
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| 212 |
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| 213 | <p>GNU CC can function as a cross-compiler for many machines, but not all.
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| 214 |
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| 215 | <ul>
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| 216 | <li>Cross-compilers for the Mips as target using the Mips assembler
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| 217 | currently do not work, because the auxiliary programs
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| 218 | <code>mips-tdump.c</code> and <code>mips-tfile.c</code> can't be compiled on
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| 219 | anything but a Mips. It does work to cross compile for a Mips
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| 220 | if you use the GNU assembler and linker.
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| 221 |
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| 222 | <li>Cross-compilers between machines with different floating point formats
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| 223 | have not all been made to work. GNU CC now has a floating point
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| 224 | emulator with which these can work, but each target machine description
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| 225 | needs to be updated to take advantage of it.
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| 226 |
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| 227 | <li>Cross-compilation between machines of different word sizes is
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| 228 | somewhat problematic and sometimes does not work.
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| 229 | </ul>
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| 230 |
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| 231 | <p>Since GNU CC generates assembler code, you probably need a
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| 232 | cross-assembler that GNU CC can run, in order to produce object files.
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| 233 | If you want to link on other than the target machine, you need a
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| 234 | cross-linker as well. You also need header files and libraries suitable
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| 235 | for the target machine that you can install on the host machine.
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| 236 |
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| 237 | <h2>Steps of Cross-Compilation</h2>
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| 238 |
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| 239 | <p>To compile and run a program using a cross-compiler involves several
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| 240 | steps:
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| 241 |
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| 242 | <ul>
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| 243 | <li>Run the cross-compiler on the host machine to produce assembler files
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| 244 | for the target machine. This requires header files for the target
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| 245 | machine.
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| 246 |
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| 247 | <li>Assemble the files produced by the cross-compiler. You can do this
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| 248 | either with an assembler on the target machine, or with a
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| 249 | cross-assembler on the host machine.
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| 250 |
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| 251 | <li>Link those files to make an executable. You can do this either with a
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| 252 | linker on the target machine, or with a cross-linker on the host
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| 253 | machine. Whichever machine you use, you need libraries and certain
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| 254 | startup files (typically <code>crt....o</code>) for the target machine.
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| 255 | </ul>
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| 256 |
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| 257 | <p>It is most convenient to do all of these steps on the same host machine,
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| 258 | since then you can do it all with a single invocation of GNU CC. This
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| 259 | requires a suitable cross-assembler and cross-linker. For some targets,
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| 260 | the GNU assembler and linker are available.
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| 261 |
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| 262 | <h2>Configuring a Cross-Compiler</h2>
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| 263 |
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| 264 | <p>To build GNU CC as a cross-compiler, you start out by running
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| 265 | <code>configure</code>. Use the <code>--target=</code><var>target</var><code></code> to specify the
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| 266 | target type. If <code>configure</code> was unable to correctly identify the
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| 267 | system you are running on, also specify the <code>--build=</code><var>build</var><code></code>
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| 268 | option. For example, here is how to configure for a cross-compiler that
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| 269 | produces code for an HP 68030 system running BSD on a system that
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| 270 | <code>configure</code> can correctly identify:
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| 271 |
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| 272 | <pre class="smallexample"> ./configure --target=m68k-hp-bsd4.3
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| 273 | </pre>
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| 274 |
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| 275 | <h2>Tools and Libraries for a Cross-Compiler</h2>
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| 276 |
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| 277 | <p>If you have a cross-assembler and cross-linker available, you should
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| 278 | install them now. Put them in the directory
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| 279 | <code>/usr/local/</code><var>target</var><code>/bin</code>. Here is a table of the tools
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| 280 | you should put in this directory:
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| 281 |
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| 282 | <dl>
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| 283 | <dt><code>as</code>
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| 284 | <dd>This should be the cross-assembler.
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| 285 |
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| 286 | <br><dt><code>ld</code>
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| 287 | <dd>This should be the cross-linker.
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| 288 |
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| 289 | <br><dt><code>ar</code>
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| 290 | <dd>This should be the cross-archiver: a program which can manipulate
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| 291 | archive files (linker libraries) in the target machine's format.
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| 292 |
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| 293 | <br><dt><code>ranlib</code>
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| 294 | <dd>This should be a program to construct a symbol table in an archive file.
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| 295 | </dl>
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| 296 |
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| 297 | <p>The installation of GNU CC will find these programs in that directory,
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| 298 | and copy or link them to the proper place to for the cross-compiler to
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| 299 | find them when run later.
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| 300 |
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| 301 | <p>The easiest way to provide these files is to build the Binutils package
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| 302 | and GAS. Configure them with the same <code>--host</code> and <code>--target</code>
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| 303 | options that you use for configuring GNU CC, then build and install
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| 304 | them. They install their executables automatically into the proper
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| 305 | directory. Alas, they do not support all the targets that GNU CC
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| 306 | supports.
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| 307 |
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| 308 | <p>If you want to install libraries to use with the cross-compiler, such as
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| 309 | a standard C library, put them in the directory
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| 310 | <code>/usr/local/</code><var>target</var><code>/lib</code>; installation of GNU CC copies
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| 311 | all the files in that subdirectory into the proper place for GNU CC to
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| 312 | find them and link with them. Here's an example of copying some
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| 313 | libraries from a target machine:
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| 314 |
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| 315 | <pre class="example"> ftp <var>target-machine</var>
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| 316 | lcd /usr/local/<var>target</var>/lib
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| 317 | cd /lib
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| 318 | get libc.a
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| 319 | cd /usr/lib
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| 320 | get libg.a
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| 321 | get libm.a
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| 322 | quit
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| 323 | </pre>
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| 324 |
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| 325 | <p>The precise set of libraries you'll need, and their locations on
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| 326 | the target machine, vary depending on its operating system.
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| 327 |
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| 328 | <p>Many targets require "start files" such as <code>crt0.o</code> and
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| 329 | <code>crtn.o</code> which are linked into each executable; these too should be
|
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| 330 | placed in <code>/usr/local/</code><var>target</var><code>/lib</code>. There may be several
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| 331 | alternatives for <code>crt0.o</code>, for use with profiling or other
|
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| 332 | compilation options. Check your target's definition of
|
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| 333 | <code>STARTFILE_SPEC</code> to find out what start files it uses.
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| 334 | Here's an example of copying these files from a target machine:
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| 335 |
|
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| 336 | <pre class="example"> ftp <var>target-machine</var>
|
|---|
| 337 | lcd /usr/local/<var>target</var>/lib
|
|---|
| 338 | prompt
|
|---|
| 339 | cd /lib
|
|---|
| 340 | mget *crt*.o
|
|---|
| 341 | cd /usr/lib
|
|---|
| 342 | mget *crt*.o
|
|---|
| 343 | quit
|
|---|
| 344 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 345 |
|
|---|
| 346 | <h2>Cross-Compilers and Header Files</h2>
|
|---|
| 347 |
|
|---|
| 348 | <p>If you are cross-compiling a standalone program or a program for an
|
|---|
| 349 | embedded system, then you may not need any header files except the few
|
|---|
| 350 | that are part of GNU CC (and those of your program). However, if you
|
|---|
| 351 | intend to link your program with a standard C library such as
|
|---|
| 352 | <code>libc.a</code>, then you probably need to compile with the header files
|
|---|
| 353 | that go with the library you use.
|
|---|
| 354 |
|
|---|
| 355 | <p>The GNU C compiler does not come with these files, because (1) they are
|
|---|
| 356 | system-specific, and (2) they belong in a C library, not in a compiler.
|
|---|
| 357 |
|
|---|
| 358 | <p>If the GNU C library supports your target machine, then you can get the
|
|---|
| 359 | header files from there (assuming you actually use the GNU library when
|
|---|
| 360 | you link your program).
|
|---|
| 361 |
|
|---|
| 362 | <p>If your target machine comes with a C compiler, it probably comes with
|
|---|
| 363 | suitable header files also. If you make these files accessible from the host
|
|---|
| 364 | machine, the cross-compiler can use them also.
|
|---|
| 365 |
|
|---|
| 366 | <p>Otherwise, you're on your own in finding header files to use when
|
|---|
| 367 | cross-compiling.
|
|---|
| 368 |
|
|---|
| 369 | <p>When you have found suitable header files, you should put them in the
|
|---|
| 370 | directory <code>/usr/local/</code><var>target</var><code>/include</code>, before building the
|
|---|
| 371 | cross compiler. Then installation will run fixincludes properly and
|
|---|
| 372 | install the corrected versions of the header files where the compiler
|
|---|
| 373 | will use them.
|
|---|
| 374 |
|
|---|
| 375 | <p>Provide the header files before you build the cross-compiler, because
|
|---|
| 376 | the build stage actually runs the cross-compiler to produce parts of
|
|---|
| 377 | <code>libgcc.a</code>. (These are the parts that <em>can</em> be compiled with
|
|---|
| 378 | GNU CC.) Some of them need suitable header files.
|
|---|
| 379 |
|
|---|
| 380 | <p>Here's an example showing how to copy the header files from a target
|
|---|
| 381 | machine. On the target machine, do this:
|
|---|
| 382 |
|
|---|
| 383 | <pre class="example"> (cd /usr/include; tar cf - .) > tarfile
|
|---|
| 384 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 385 |
|
|---|
| 386 | <p>Then, on the host machine, do this:
|
|---|
| 387 |
|
|---|
| 388 | <pre class="example"> ftp <var>target-machine</var>
|
|---|
| 389 | lcd /usr/local/<var>target</var>/include
|
|---|
| 390 | get tarfile
|
|---|
| 391 | quit
|
|---|
| 392 | tar xf tarfile
|
|---|
| 393 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 394 |
|
|---|
| 395 | <h2>Actually Building the Cross-Compiler</h2>
|
|---|
| 396 |
|
|---|
| 397 | <p>Now you can proceed just as for compiling a single-machine compiler
|
|---|
| 398 | through the step of building stage 1.
|
|---|
| 399 |
|
|---|
| 400 | <p>Do not try to build stage 2 for a cross-compiler. It doesn't work to
|
|---|
| 401 | rebuild GNU CC as a cross-compiler using the cross-compiler, because
|
|---|
| 402 | that would produce a program that runs on the target machine, not on the
|
|---|
| 403 | host. For example, if you compile a 386-to-68030 cross-compiler with
|
|---|
| 404 | itself, the result will not be right either for the 386 (because it was
|
|---|
| 405 | compiled into 68030 code) or for the 68030 (because it was configured
|
|---|
| 406 | for a 386 as the host). If you want to compile GNU CC into 68030 code,
|
|---|
| 407 | whether you compile it on a 68030 or with a cross-compiler on a 386, you
|
|---|
| 408 | must specify a 68030 as the host when you configure it.
|
|---|
| 409 |
|
|---|
| 410 | <p>To install the cross-compiler, use <code>make install</code>, as usual.
|
|---|
| 411 |
|
|---|
| 412 | <h2><a name="VMS%20Install"></a>Installing GNU CC on VMS</h2>
|
|---|
| 413 |
|
|---|
| 414 | <p>The VMS version of GNU CC is distributed in a backup saveset containing
|
|---|
| 415 | both source code and precompiled binaries.
|
|---|
| 416 |
|
|---|
| 417 | <p>To install the <code>gcc</code> command so you can use the compiler easily, in
|
|---|
| 418 | the same manner as you use the VMS C compiler, you must install the VMS CLD
|
|---|
| 419 | file for GNU CC as follows:
|
|---|
| 420 |
|
|---|
| 421 | <ol type=1 start=1>
|
|---|
| 422 | <li>Define the VMS logical names <code>GNU_CC</code> and <code>GNU_CC_INCLUDE</code>
|
|---|
| 423 | to point to the directories where the GNU CC executables
|
|---|
| 424 | (<code>gcc-cpp.exe</code>, <code>gcc-cc1.exe</code>, etc.) and the C include files are
|
|---|
| 425 | kept respectively. This should be done with the commands:
|
|---|
| 426 |
|
|---|
| 427 | <pre class="smallexample"> $ assign /system /translation=concealed -
|
|---|
| 428 | disk:[gcc.] gnu_cc
|
|---|
| 429 | $ assign /system /translation=concealed -
|
|---|
| 430 | disk:[gcc.include.] gnu_cc_include
|
|---|
| 431 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 432 |
|
|---|
| 433 | <p>with the appropriate disk and directory names. These commands can be
|
|---|
| 434 | placed in your system startup file so they will be executed whenever
|
|---|
| 435 | the machine is rebooted. You may, if you choose, do this via the
|
|---|
| 436 | <code>GCC_INSTALL.COM</code> script in the <code>[GCC]</code> directory.
|
|---|
| 437 |
|
|---|
| 438 | </p><li>Install the <code>GCC</code> command with the command line:
|
|---|
| 439 |
|
|---|
| 440 | <pre class="smallexample"> $ set command /table=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables -
|
|---|
| 441 | /output=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables gnu_cc:[000000]gcc
|
|---|
| 442 | $ install replace sys$common:[syslib]dcltables
|
|---|
| 443 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 444 |
|
|---|
| 445 | <li>To install the help file, do the following:
|
|---|
| 446 |
|
|---|
| 447 | <pre class="smallexample"> $ library/help sys$library:helplib.hlb gcc.hlp
|
|---|
| 448 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 449 |
|
|---|
| 450 | <p>Now you can invoke the compiler with a command like <code>gcc /verbose
|
|---|
| 451 | file.c</code>, which is equivalent to the command <code>gcc -v -c file.c</code> in
|
|---|
| 452 | Unix.
|
|---|
| 453 | </ol>
|
|---|
| 454 |
|
|---|
| 455 | <p>If you wish to use GNU C++ you must first install GNU CC, and then
|
|---|
| 456 | perform the following steps:
|
|---|
| 457 |
|
|---|
| 458 | <ol type=1 start=1>
|
|---|
| 459 | <li>Define the VMS logical name <code>GNU_GXX_INCLUDE</code> to point to the
|
|---|
| 460 | directory where the preprocessor will search for the C++ header files.
|
|---|
| 461 | This can be done with the command:
|
|---|
| 462 |
|
|---|
| 463 | <pre class="smallexample"> $ assign /system /translation=concealed -
|
|---|
| 464 | disk:[gcc.gxx_include.] gnu_gxx_include
|
|---|
| 465 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 466 |
|
|---|
| 467 | <p>with the appropriate disk and directory name. If you are going to be
|
|---|
| 468 | using a C++ runtime library, this is where its install procedure will install
|
|---|
| 469 | its header files.
|
|---|
| 470 |
|
|---|
| 471 | </p><li>Obtain the file <code>gcc-cc1plus.exe</code>, and place this in the same
|
|---|
| 472 | directory that <code>gcc-cc1.exe</code> is kept.
|
|---|
| 473 |
|
|---|
| 474 | <p>The GNU C++ compiler can be invoked with a command like <code>gcc /plus
|
|---|
| 475 | /verbose file.cc</code>, which is equivalent to the command <code>g++ -v -c
|
|---|
| 476 | file.cc</code> in Unix.
|
|---|
| 477 | </ol>
|
|---|
| 478 |
|
|---|
| 479 | <p>We try to put corresponding binaries and sources on the VMS distribution
|
|---|
| 480 | tape. But sometimes the binaries will be from an older version than the
|
|---|
| 481 | sources, because we don't always have time to update them. (Use the
|
|---|
| 482 | <code>/version</code> option to determine the version number of the binaries and
|
|---|
| 483 | compare it with the source file <code>version.c</code> to tell whether this is
|
|---|
| 484 | so.) In this case, you should use the binaries you get to recompile the
|
|---|
| 485 | sources. If you must recompile, here is how:
|
|---|
| 486 |
|
|---|
| 487 | <ol type=1 start=1>
|
|---|
| 488 | <li>Execute the command procedure <code>vmsconfig.com</code> to set up the files
|
|---|
| 489 | <code>tm.h</code>, <code>config.h</code>, <code>aux-output.c</code>, and <code>md.</code>, and
|
|---|
| 490 | to create files <code>tconfig.h</code> and <code>hconfig.h</code>. This procedure
|
|---|
| 491 | also creates several linker option files used by <code>make-cc1.com</code> and
|
|---|
| 492 | a data file used by <code>make-l2.com</code>.
|
|---|
| 493 |
|
|---|
| 494 | <pre class="smallexample"> $ @vmsconfig.com
|
|---|
| 495 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 496 |
|
|---|
| 497 | <li>Setup the logical names and command tables as defined above. In
|
|---|
| 498 | addition, define the VMS logical name <code>GNU_BISON</code> to point at the
|
|---|
| 499 | to the directories where the Bison executable is kept. This should be
|
|---|
| 500 | done with the command:
|
|---|
| 501 |
|
|---|
| 502 | <pre class="smallexample"> $ assign /system /translation=concealed -
|
|---|
| 503 | disk:[bison.] gnu_bison
|
|---|
| 504 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 505 |
|
|---|
| 506 | <p>You may, if you choose, use the <code>INSTALL_BISON.COM</code> script in the
|
|---|
| 507 | <code>[BISON]</code> directory.
|
|---|
| 508 |
|
|---|
| 509 | </p><li>Install the <code>BISON</code> command with the command line:
|
|---|
| 510 |
|
|---|
| 511 | <pre class="smallexample"> $ set command /table=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables -
|
|---|
| 512 | /output=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables -
|
|---|
| 513 | gnu_bison:[000000]bison
|
|---|
| 514 | $ install replace sys$common:[syslib]dcltables
|
|---|
| 515 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 516 |
|
|---|
| 517 | <li>Type <code>@make-gcc</code> to recompile everything, or submit the file
|
|---|
| 518 | <code>make-gcc.com</code> to a batch queue. If you wish to build the GNU C++
|
|---|
| 519 | compiler as well as the GNU CC compiler, you must first edit
|
|---|
| 520 | <code>make-gcc.com</code> and follow the instructions that appear in the
|
|---|
| 521 | comments.
|
|---|
| 522 |
|
|---|
| 523 | <li>In order to use GCC, you need a library of functions which GCC compiled code
|
|---|
| 524 | will call to perform certain tasks, and these functions are defined in the
|
|---|
| 525 | file <code>libgcc2.c</code>. To compile this you should use the command procedure
|
|---|
| 526 | <code>make-l2.com</code>, which will generate the library <code>libgcc2.olb</code>.
|
|---|
| 527 | <code>libgcc2.olb</code> should be built using the compiler built from
|
|---|
| 528 | the same distribution that <code>libgcc2.c</code> came from, and
|
|---|
| 529 | <code>make-gcc.com</code> will automatically do all of this for you.
|
|---|
| 530 |
|
|---|
| 531 | <p>To install the library, use the following commands:
|
|---|
| 532 |
|
|---|
| 533 | <pre class="smallexample"> $ library gnu_cc:[000000]gcclib/delete=(new,eprintf)
|
|---|
| 534 | $ library gnu_cc:[000000]gcclib/delete=L_*
|
|---|
| 535 | $ library libgcc2/extract=*/output=libgcc2.obj
|
|---|
| 536 | $ library gnu_cc:[000000]gcclib libgcc2.obj
|
|---|
| 537 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 538 |
|
|---|
| 539 | <p>The first command simply removes old modules that will be replaced with
|
|---|
| 540 | modules from <code>libgcc2</code> under different module names. The modules
|
|---|
| 541 | <code>new</code> and <code>eprintf</code> may not actually be present in your
|
|---|
| 542 | <code>gcclib.olb</code>--if the VMS librarian complains about those modules
|
|---|
| 543 | not being present, simply ignore the message and continue on with the
|
|---|
| 544 | next command. The second command removes the modules that came from the
|
|---|
| 545 | previous version of the library <code>libgcc2.c</code>.
|
|---|
| 546 |
|
|---|
| 547 | <p>Whenever you update the compiler on your system, you should also update the
|
|---|
| 548 | library with the above procedure.
|
|---|
| 549 |
|
|---|
| 550 | </p><li>You may wish to build GCC in such a way that no files are written to the
|
|---|
| 551 | directory where the source files reside. An example would be the when
|
|---|
| 552 | the source files are on a read-only disk. In these cases, execute the
|
|---|
| 553 | following DCL commands (substituting your actual path names):
|
|---|
| 554 |
|
|---|
| 555 | <pre class="smallexample"> $ assign dua0:[gcc.build_dir.]/translation=concealed, -
|
|---|
| 556 | dua1:[gcc.source_dir.]/translation=concealed gcc_build
|
|---|
| 557 | $ set default gcc_build:[000000]
|
|---|
| 558 | </pre>
|
|---|
| 559 |
|
|---|
| 560 | <p>where the directory <code>dua1:[gcc.source_dir]</code> contains the source
|
|---|
| 561 | code, and the directory <code>dua0:[gcc.build_dir]</code> is meant to contain
|
|---|
| 562 | all of the generated object files and executables. Once you have done
|
|---|
| 563 | this, you can proceed building GCC as described above. (Keep in mind
|
|---|
| 564 | that <code>gcc_build</code> is a rooted logical name, and thus the device
|
|---|
| 565 | names in each element of the search list must be an actual physical
|
|---|
| 566 | device name rather than another rooted logical name).
|
|---|
| 567 |
|
|---|
| 568 | </p><li><strong>If you are building GNU CC with a previous version of GNU CC,
|
|---|
| 569 | you also should check to see that you have the newest version of the
|
|---|
| 570 | assembler</strong>. In particular, GNU CC version 2 treats global constant
|
|---|
| 571 | variables slightly differently from GNU CC version 1, and GAS version
|
|---|
| 572 | 1.38.1 does not have the patches required to work with GCC version 2.
|
|---|
| 573 | If you use GAS 1.38.1, then <code>extern const</code> variables will not have
|
|---|
| 574 | the read-only bit set, and the linker will generate warning messages
|
|---|
| 575 | about mismatched psect attributes for these variables. These warning
|
|---|
| 576 | messages are merely a nuisance, and can safely be ignored.
|
|---|
| 577 |
|
|---|
| 578 | <li>If you want to build GNU CC with the VAX C compiler, you will need to
|
|---|
| 579 | make minor changes in <code>make-cccp.com</code> and <code>make-cc1.com</code>
|
|---|
| 580 | to choose alternate definitions of <code>CC</code>, <code>CFLAGS</code>, and
|
|---|
| 581 | <code>LIBS</code>. See comments in those files. However, you must
|
|---|
| 582 | also have a working version of the GNU assembler (GNU as, aka GAS) as
|
|---|
| 583 | it is used as the back end for GNU CC to produce binary object modules
|
|---|
| 584 | and is not included in the GNU CC sources. GAS is also needed to
|
|---|
| 585 | compile <code>libgcc2</code> in order to build <code>gcclib</code> (see above);
|
|---|
| 586 | <code>make-l2.com</code> expects to be able to find it operational in
|
|---|
| 587 | <code>gnu_cc:[000000]gnu-as.exe</code>.
|
|---|
| 588 |
|
|---|
| 589 | <p>To use GNU CC on VMS, you need the VMS driver programs
|
|---|
| 590 | <code>gcc.exe</code>, <code>gcc.com</code>, and <code>gcc.cld</code>. They are
|
|---|
| 591 | distributed with the VMS binaries (<code>gcc-vms</code>) rather than the
|
|---|
| 592 | GNU CC sources. GAS is also included in <code>gcc-vms</code>, as is Bison.
|
|---|
| 593 |
|
|---|
| 594 | <p>Once you have successfully built GNU CC with VAX C, you should use the
|
|---|
| 595 | resulting compiler to rebuild itself. Before doing this, be sure to
|
|---|
| 596 | restore the <code>CC</code>, <code>CFLAGS</code>, and <code>LIBS</code> definitions in
|
|---|
| 597 | <code>make-cccp.com</code> and <code>make-cc1.com</code>. The second generation
|
|---|
| 598 | compiler will be able to take advantage of many optimizations that must
|
|---|
| 599 | be suppressed when building with other compilers.
|
|---|
| 600 | </ol>
|
|---|
| 601 |
|
|---|
| 602 | <p>Under previous versions of GNU CC, the generated code would occasionally
|
|---|
| 603 | give strange results when linked with the sharable <code>VAXCRTL</code> library.
|
|---|
| 604 | Now this should work.
|
|---|
| 605 |
|
|---|
| 606 | <p>Even with this version, however, GNU CC itself should not be linked with
|
|---|
| 607 | the sharable <code>VAXCRTL</code>. The version of <code>qsort</code> in
|
|---|
| 608 | <code>VAXCRTL</code> has a bug (known to be present in VMS versions V4.6
|
|---|
| 609 | through V5.5) which causes the compiler to fail.
|
|---|
| 610 |
|
|---|
| 611 | <p>The executables are generated by <code>make-cc1.com</code> and
|
|---|
| 612 | <code>make-cccp.com</code> use the object library version of <code>VAXCRTL</code> in
|
|---|
| 613 | order to make use of the <code>qsort</code> routine in <code>gcclib.olb</code>. If
|
|---|
| 614 | you wish to link the compiler executables with the shareable image
|
|---|
| 615 | version of <code>VAXCRTL</code>, you should edit the file <code>tm.h</code> (created
|
|---|
| 616 | by <code>vmsconfig.com</code>) to define the macro <code>QSORT_WORKAROUND</code>.
|
|---|
| 617 |
|
|---|
| 618 | <p><code>QSORT_WORKAROUND</code> is always defined when GNU CC is compiled with
|
|---|
| 619 | VAX C, to avoid a problem in case <code>gcclib.olb</code> is not yet
|
|---|
| 620 | available.
|
|---|
| 621 | <hr />
|
|---|
| 622 | <p>
|
|---|
| 623 | <a href="./index.html">Return to the GCC Installation page</a>
|
|---|
| 624 |
|
|---|
| 625 | </body></html>
|
|---|
| 626 |
|
|---|
