source: trunk/essentials/sys-devel/automake-1.9/lib/Automake/Struct.pm

Last change on this file was 3086, checked in by bird, 18 years ago

automake 1.9.6

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1# autoconf -- create `configure' using m4 macros
2# Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3
4# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
7# any later version.
8
9# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12# GNU General Public License for more details.
13
14# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
16# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
17# 02110-1301, USA.
18
19# This file is basically Perl 5.6's Class::Struct, but made compatible
20# with Perl 5.5. If someday this has to be updated, be sure to rename
21# all the occurrences of Class::Struct into Automake::Struct, otherwise
22# if we `use' a Perl module (e.g., File::stat) that uses Class::Struct,
23# we would have two packages defining the same symbols. Boom.
24
25package Automake::Struct;
26
27## See POD after __END__
28
29use 5.005_03;
30
31use strict;
32use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT $VERSION);
33
34use Carp;
35
36require Exporter;
37@ISA = qw(Exporter);
38@EXPORT = qw(struct);
39
40$VERSION = '0.58';
41
42## Tested on 5.002 and 5.003 without class membership tests:
43my $CHECK_CLASS_MEMBERSHIP = ($] >= 5.003_95);
44
45my $print = 0;
46sub printem {
47 if (@_) { $print = shift }
48 else { $print++ }
49}
50
51{
52 package Automake::Struct::Tie_ISA;
53
54 sub TIEARRAY {
55 my $class = shift;
56 return bless [], $class;
57 }
58
59 sub STORE {
60 my ($self, $index, $value) = @_;
61 Automake::Struct::_subclass_error();
62 }
63
64 sub FETCH {
65 my ($self, $index) = @_;
66 $self->[$index];
67 }
68
69 sub FETCHSIZE {
70 my $self = shift;
71 return scalar(@$self);
72 }
73
74 sub DESTROY { }
75}
76
77sub struct {
78
79 # Determine parameter list structure, one of:
80 # struct( class => [ element-list ])
81 # struct( class => { element-list })
82 # struct( element-list )
83 # Latter form assumes current package name as struct name.
84
85 my ($class, @decls);
86 my $base_type = ref $_[1];
87 if ( $base_type eq 'HASH' ) {
88 $class = shift;
89 @decls = %{shift()};
90 _usage_error() if @_;
91 }
92 elsif ( $base_type eq 'ARRAY' ) {
93 $class = shift;
94 @decls = @{shift()};
95 _usage_error() if @_;
96 }
97 else {
98 $base_type = 'ARRAY';
99 $class = (caller())[0];
100 @decls = @_;
101 }
102 _usage_error() if @decls % 2 == 1;
103
104 # Ensure we are not, and will not be, a subclass.
105
106 my $isa = do {
107 no strict 'refs';
108 \@{$class . '::ISA'};
109 };
110 _subclass_error() if @$isa;
111 tie @$isa, 'Automake::Struct::Tie_ISA';
112
113 # Create constructor.
114
115 croak "function 'new' already defined in package $class"
116 if do { no strict 'refs'; defined &{$class . "::new"} };
117
118 my @methods = ();
119 my %refs = ();
120 my %arrays = ();
121 my %hashes = ();
122 my %classes = ();
123 my $got_class = 0;
124 my $out = '';
125
126 $out = "{\n package $class;\n use Carp;\n sub new {\n";
127 $out .= " my (\$class, \%init) = \@_;\n";
128 $out .= " \$class = __PACKAGE__ unless \@_;\n";
129
130 my $cnt = 0;
131 my $idx = 0;
132 my( $cmt, $name, $type, $elem );
133
134 if( $base_type eq 'HASH' ){
135 $out .= " my(\$r) = {};\n";
136 $cmt = '';
137 }
138 elsif( $base_type eq 'ARRAY' ){
139 $out .= " my(\$r) = [];\n";
140 }
141 while( $idx < @decls ){
142 $name = $decls[$idx];
143 $type = $decls[$idx+1];
144 push( @methods, $name );
145 if( $base_type eq 'HASH' ){
146 $elem = "{'${class}::$name'}";
147 }
148 elsif( $base_type eq 'ARRAY' ){
149 $elem = "[$cnt]";
150 ++$cnt;
151 $cmt = " # $name";
152 }
153 if( $type =~ /^\*(.)/ ){
154 $refs{$name}++;
155 $type = $1;
156 }
157 my $init = "defined(\$init{'$name'}) ? \$init{'$name'} :";
158 if( $type eq '@' ){
159 $out .= " croak 'Initializer for $name must be array reference'\n";
160 $out .= " if defined(\$init{'$name'}) && ref(\$init{'$name'}) ne 'ARRAY';\n";
161 $out .= " \$r->$elem = $init [];$cmt\n";
162 $arrays{$name}++;
163 }
164 elsif( $type eq '%' ){
165 $out .= " croak 'Initializer for $name must be hash reference'\n";
166 $out .= " if defined(\$init{'$name'}) && ref(\$init{'$name'}) ne 'HASH';\n";
167 $out .= " \$r->$elem = $init {};$cmt\n";
168 $hashes{$name}++;
169 }
170 elsif ( $type eq '$') {
171 $out .= " \$r->$elem = $init undef;$cmt\n";
172 }
173 elsif( $type =~ /^\w+(?:::\w+)*$/ ){
174 $init = "defined(\$init{'$name'}) ? \%{\$init{'$name'}} : ()";
175 $out .= " croak 'Initializer for $name must be hash reference'\n";
176 $out .= " if defined(\$init{'$name'}) && ref(\$init{'$name'}) ne 'HASH';\n";
177 $out .= " \$r->$elem = '${type}'->new($init);$cmt\n";
178 $classes{$name} = $type;
179 $got_class = 1;
180 }
181 else{
182 croak "'$type' is not a valid struct element type";
183 }
184 $idx += 2;
185 }
186 $out .= " bless \$r, \$class;\n }\n";
187
188 # Create accessor methods.
189
190 my( $pre, $pst, $sel );
191 $cnt = 0;
192 foreach $name (@methods){
193 if ( do { no strict 'refs'; defined &{$class . "::$name"} } ) {
194 carp "function '$name' already defined, overrides struct accessor method";
195 }
196 else {
197 $pre = $pst = $cmt = $sel = '';
198 if( defined $refs{$name} ){
199 $pre = "\\(";
200 $pst = ")";
201 $cmt = " # returns ref";
202 }
203 $out .= " sub $name {$cmt\n my \$r = shift;\n";
204 if( $base_type eq 'ARRAY' ){
205 $elem = "[$cnt]";
206 ++$cnt;
207 }
208 elsif( $base_type eq 'HASH' ){
209 $elem = "{'${class}::$name'}";
210 }
211 if( defined $arrays{$name} ){
212 $out .= " my \$i;\n";
213 $out .= " \@_ ? (\$i = shift) : return \$r->$elem;\n";
214 $sel = "->[\$i]";
215 }
216 elsif( defined $hashes{$name} ){
217 $out .= " my \$i;\n";
218 $out .= " \@_ ? (\$i = shift) : return \$r->$elem;\n";
219 $sel = "->{\$i}";
220 }
221 elsif( defined $classes{$name} ){
222 if ( $CHECK_CLASS_MEMBERSHIP ) {
223 $out .= " croak '$name argument is wrong class' if \@_ && ! UNIVERSAL::isa(\$_[0], '$classes{$name}');\n";
224 }
225 }
226 $out .= " croak 'Too many args to $name' if \@_ > 1;\n";
227 $out .= " \@_ ? ($pre\$r->$elem$sel = shift$pst) : $pre\$r->$elem$sel$pst;\n";
228 $out .= " }\n";
229 }
230 }
231 $out .= "}\n1;\n";
232
233 print $out if $print;
234 my $result = eval $out;
235 carp $@ if $@;
236}
237
238sub _usage_error {
239 confess "struct usage error";
240}
241
242sub _subclass_error {
243 croak 'struct class cannot be a subclass (@ISA not allowed)';
244}
245
2461; # for require
247
248
249__END__
250
251=head1 NAME
252
253Automake::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
254
255=head1 SYNOPSIS
256
257 use Automake::Struct;
258 # declare struct, based on array:
259 struct( CLASS_NAME => [ ELEMENT_NAME => ELEMENT_TYPE, ... ]);
260 # declare struct, based on hash:
261 struct( CLASS_NAME => { ELEMENT_NAME => ELEMENT_TYPE, ... });
262
263 package CLASS_NAME;
264 use Automake::Struct;
265 # declare struct, based on array, implicit class name:
266 struct( ELEMENT_NAME => ELEMENT_TYPE, ... );
267
268
269 package Myobj;
270 use Automake::Struct;
271 # declare struct with four types of elements:
272 struct( s => '$', a => '@', h => '%', c => 'My_Other_Class' );
273
274 $obj = new Myobj; # constructor
275
276 # scalar type accessor:
277 $element_value = $obj->s; # element value
278 $obj->s('new value'); # assign to element
279
280 # array type accessor:
281 $ary_ref = $obj->a; # reference to whole array
282 $ary_element_value = $obj->a(2); # array element value
283 $obj->a(2, 'new value'); # assign to array element
284
285 # hash type accessor:
286 $hash_ref = $obj->h; # reference to whole hash
287 $hash_element_value = $obj->h('x'); # hash element value
288 $obj->h('x', 'new value'); # assign to hash element
289
290 # class type accessor:
291 $element_value = $obj->c; # object reference
292 $obj->c->method(...); # call method of object
293 $obj->c(new My_Other_Class); # assign a new object
294
295
296=head1 DESCRIPTION
297
298C<Automake::Struct> exports a single function, C<struct>.
299Given a list of element names and types, and optionally
300a class name, C<struct> creates a Perl 5 class that implements
301a "struct-like" data structure.
302
303The new class is given a constructor method, C<new>, for creating
304struct objects.
305
306Each element in the struct data has an accessor method, which is
307used to assign to the element and to fetch its value. The
308default accessor can be overridden by declaring a C<sub> of the
309same name in the package. (See Example 2.)
310
311Each element's type can be scalar, array, hash, or class.
312
313
314=head2 The C<struct()> function
315
316The C<struct> function has three forms of parameter-list.
317
318 struct( CLASS_NAME => [ ELEMENT_LIST ]);
319 struct( CLASS_NAME => { ELEMENT_LIST });
320 struct( ELEMENT_LIST );
321
322The first and second forms explicitly identify the name of the
323class being created. The third form assumes the current package
324name as the class name.
325
326An object of a class created by the first and third forms is
327based on an array, whereas an object of a class created by the
328second form is based on a hash. The array-based forms will be
329somewhat faster and smaller; the hash-based forms are more
330flexible.
331
332The class created by C<struct> must not be a subclass of another
333class other than C<UNIVERSAL>.
334
335It can, however, be used as a superclass for other classes. To facilitate
336this, the generated constructor method uses a two-argument blessing.
337Furthermore, if the class is hash-based, the key of each element is
338prefixed with the class name (see I<Perl Cookbook>, Recipe 13.12).
339
340A function named C<new> must not be explicitly defined in a class
341created by C<struct>.
342
343The I<ELEMENT_LIST> has the form
344
345 NAME => TYPE, ...
346
347Each name-type pair declares one element of the struct. Each
348element name will be defined as an accessor method unless a
349method by that name is explicitly defined; in the latter case, a
350warning is issued if the warning flag (B<-w>) is set.
351
352
353=head2 Element Types and Accessor Methods
354
355The four element types -- scalar, array, hash, and class -- are
356represented by strings -- C<'$'>, C<'@'>, C<'%'>, and a class name --
357optionally preceded by a C<'*'>.
358
359The accessor method provided by C<struct> for an element depends
360on the declared type of the element.
361
362=over
363
364=item Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>)
365
366The element is a scalar, and by default is initialized to C<undef>
367(but see L<Initializing with new>).
368
369The accessor's argument, if any, is assigned to the element.
370
371If the element type is C<'$'>, the value of the element (after
372assignment) is returned. If the element type is C<'*$'>, a reference
373to the element is returned.
374
375=item Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>)
376
377The element is an array, initialized by default to C<()>.
378
379With no argument, the accessor returns a reference to the
380element's whole array (whether or not the element was
381specified as C<'@'> or C<'*@'>).
382
383With one or two arguments, the first argument is an index
384specifying one element of the array; the second argument, if
385present, is assigned to the array element. If the element type
386is C<'@'>, the accessor returns the array element value. If the
387element type is C<'*@'>, a reference to the array element is
388returned.
389
390=item Hash (C<'%'> or C<'*%'>)
391
392The element is a hash, initialized by default to C<()>.
393
394With no argument, the accessor returns a reference to the
395element's whole hash (whether or not the element was
396specified as C<'%'> or C<'*%'>).
397
398With one or two arguments, the first argument is a key specifying
399one element of the hash; the second argument, if present, is
400assigned to the hash element. If the element type is C<'%'>, the
401accessor returns the hash element value. If the element type is
402C<'*%'>, a reference to the hash element is returned.
403
404=item Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
405
406The element's value must be a reference blessed to the named
407class or to one of its subclasses. The element is initialized to
408the result of calling the C<new> constructor of the named class.
409
410The accessor's argument, if any, is assigned to the element. The
411accessor will C<croak> if this is not an appropriate object
412reference.
413
414If the element type does not start with a C<'*'>, the accessor
415returns the element value (after assignment). If the element type
416starts with a C<'*'>, a reference to the element itself is returned.
417
418=back
419
420=head2 Initializing with C<new>
421
422C<struct> always creates a constructor called C<new>. That constructor
423may take a list of initializers for the various elements of the new
424struct.
425
426Each initializer is a pair of values: I<element name>C< =E<gt> >I<value>.
427The initializer value for a scalar element is just a scalar value. The
428initializer for an array element is an array reference. The initializer
429for a hash is a hash reference.
430
431The initializer for a class element is also a hash reference, and the
432contents of that hash are passed to the element's own constructor.
433
434See Example 3 below for an example of initialization.
435
436
437=head1 EXAMPLES
438
439=over
440
441=item Example 1
442
443Giving a struct element a class type that is also a struct is how
444structs are nested. Here, C<timeval> represents a time (seconds and
445microseconds), and C<rusage> has two elements, each of which is of
446type C<timeval>.
447
448 use Automake::Struct;
449
450 struct( rusage => {
451 ru_utime => timeval, # seconds
452 ru_stime => timeval, # microseconds
453 });
454
455 struct( timeval => [
456 tv_secs => '$',
457 tv_usecs => '$',
458 ]);
459
460 # create an object:
461 my $t = new rusage;
462
463 # $t->ru_utime and $t->ru_stime are objects of type timeval.
464 # set $t->ru_utime to 100.0 sec and $t->ru_stime to 5.0 sec.
465 $t->ru_utime->tv_secs(100);
466 $t->ru_utime->tv_usecs(0);
467 $t->ru_stime->tv_secs(5);
468 $t->ru_stime->tv_usecs(0);
469
470
471=item Example 2
472
473An accessor function can be redefined in order to provide
474additional checking of values, etc. Here, we want the C<count>
475element always to be nonnegative, so we redefine the C<count>
476accessor accordingly.
477
478 package MyObj;
479 use Automake::Struct;
480
481 # declare the struct
482 struct ( 'MyObj', { count => '$', stuff => '%' } );
483
484 # override the default accessor method for 'count'
485 sub count {
486 my $self = shift;
487 if ( @_ ) {
488 die 'count must be nonnegative' if $_[0] < 0;
489 $self->{'count'} = shift;
490 warn "Too many args to count" if @_;
491 }
492 return $self->{'count'};
493 }
494
495 package main;
496 $x = new MyObj;
497 print "\$x->count(5) = ", $x->count(5), "\n";
498 # prints '$x->count(5) = 5'
499
500 print "\$x->count = ", $x->count, "\n";
501 # prints '$x->count = 5'
502
503 print "\$x->count(-5) = ", $x->count(-5), "\n";
504 # dies due to negative argument!
505
506=item Example 3
507
508The constructor of a generated class can be passed a list
509of I<element>=>I<value> pairs, with which to initialize the struct.
510If no initializer is specified for a particular element, its default
511initialization is performed instead. Initializers for non-existent
512elements are silently ignored.
513
514Note that the initializer for a nested struct is specified
515as an anonymous hash of initializers, which is passed on to the nested
516struct's constructor.
517
518
519 use Automake::Struct;
520
521 struct Breed =>
522 {
523 name => '$',
524 cross => '$',
525 };
526
527 struct Cat =>
528 [
529 name => '$',
530 kittens => '@',
531 markings => '%',
532 breed => 'Breed',
533 ];
534
535
536 my $cat = Cat->new( name => 'Socks',
537 kittens => ['Monica', 'Kenneth'],
538 markings => { socks=>1, blaze=>"white" },
539 breed => { name=>'short-hair', cross=>1 },
540 );
541
542 print "Once a cat called ", $cat->name, "\n";
543 print "(which was a ", $cat->breed->name, ")\n";
544 print "had two kittens: ", join(' and ', @{$cat->kittens}), "\n";
545
546=back
547
548=head1 Author and Modification History
549
550Modified by Akim Demaille, 2001-08-03
551
552 Rename as Automake::Struct to avoid name clashes with
553 Class::Struct.
554
555 Make it compatible with Perl 5.5.
556
557Modified by Damian Conway, 1999-03-05, v0.58.
558
559 Added handling of hash-like arg list to class ctor.
560
561 Changed to two-argument blessing in ctor to support
562 derivation from created classes.
563
564 Added classname prefixes to keys in hash-based classes
565 (refer to "Perl Cookbook", Recipe 13.12 for rationale).
566
567 Corrected behavior of accessors for '*@' and '*%' struct
568 elements. Package now implements documented behavior when
569 returning a reference to an entire hash or array element.
570 Previously these were returned as a reference to a reference
571 to the element.
572
573
574Renamed to C<Class::Struct> and modified by Jim Miner, 1997-04-02.
575
576 members() function removed.
577 Documentation corrected and extended.
578 Use of struct() in a subclass prohibited.
579 User definition of accessor allowed.
580 Treatment of '*' in element types corrected.
581 Treatment of classes as element types corrected.
582 Class name to struct() made optional.
583 Diagnostic checks added.
584
585
586Originally C<Class::Template> by Dean Roehrich.
587
588 # Template.pm --- struct/member template builder
589 # 12mar95
590 # Dean Roehrich
591 #
592 # changes/bugs fixed since 28nov94 version:
593 # - podified
594 # changes/bugs fixed since 21nov94 version:
595 # - Fixed examples.
596 # changes/bugs fixed since 02sep94 version:
597 # - Moved to Class::Template.
598 # changes/bugs fixed since 20feb94 version:
599 # - Updated to be a more proper module.
600 # - Added "use strict".
601 # - Bug in build_methods, was using @var when @$var needed.
602 # - Now using my() rather than local().
603 #
604 # Uses perl5 classes to create nested data types.
605 # This is offered as one implementation of Tom Christiansen's "structs.pl"
606 # idea.
607
608=cut
609
610### Setup "GNU" style for perl-mode and cperl-mode.
611## Local Variables:
612## perl-indent-level: 2
613## perl-continued-statement-offset: 2
614## perl-continued-brace-offset: 0
615## perl-brace-offset: 0
616## perl-brace-imaginary-offset: 0
617## perl-label-offset: -2
618## cperl-indent-level: 2
619## cperl-brace-offset: 0
620## cperl-continued-brace-offset: 0
621## cperl-label-offset: -2
622## cperl-extra-newline-before-brace: t
623## cperl-merge-trailing-else: nil
624## cperl-continued-statement-offset: 2
625## End:
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