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11:Author: David Goodger
12:Contact: goodger@users.sourceforge.net
13:Date: $Date: 2009-01-10 02:24:02 +0000 (Sat, 10 Jan 2009) $
14:Revision: $Revision: 2243 $
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292<body>
293<div class="document" id="kmk-quick-reference">
294<h1 class="title">kmk Quick Reference</h1>
295<p>This is an attempt at summarizing all directives, functions, special variables,
296special targets, built-in commands, external commands, and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expressions.
297Since <em>all</em> the features are included, the quickness of this reference can be
298disputed. ;-)</p>
299<div class="section">
300<h1><a id="directives" name="directives">Directives</a></h1>
301<p>Here is a summary of the directives <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> recognizes:</p>
302<blockquote>
303<p>Define a multi-line, recursively-expanded variable:</p>
304<pre class="literal-block">
305define variable
306endef
307</pre>
308<p>Conditionally evaluate part of the makefile:</p>
309<pre class="literal-block">
310ifdef variable
311ifndef variable
312ifeq (a,b)
313ifeq &quot;a&quot; &quot;b&quot;
314ifeq 'a' 'b'
315ifneq (a,b)
316ifneq &quot;a&quot; &quot;b&quot;
317ifneq 'a' 'b'
318if1of (set-a,set-b) [1]
319ifn1of (set-a,set-b) [1]
320if expression [1]
321else
322endif
323</pre>
324<p>Include another makefile:</p>
325<pre class="literal-block">
326include file
327-include file
328sinclude file
329</pre>
330<p>Include another dependency file <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id1" name="id1">[1]</a>:</p>
331<pre class="literal-block">
332includedep file
333</pre>
334<p>Define a variable, overriding any previous definition, even one from the
335command line:</p>
336<pre class="literal-block">
337override variable = value
338override variable := value
339override variable += value
340override variable &lt;= value [1]
341override variable ?= value
342override define variable
343endef
344</pre>
345<p>Tell <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> to export all variables to child processes by default:</p>
346<pre class="literal-block">
347export
348</pre>
349<p>Tell <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> whether or not to export a particular variable to child
350processes:</p>
351<pre class="literal-block">
352export variable
353export variable = value
354export variable := value
355export variable += value
356export variable &lt;= value [1]
357export variable ?= value
358unexport variable
359</pre>
360<p>Define a variable in the local context instead of the global one <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id2" name="id2">[1]</a>:</p>
361<pre class="literal-block">
362local variable = value
363local variable := value
364local variable += value
365local variable &lt;= value
366local variable ?= value
367local define variable
368endef
369</pre>
370<p>Specify a search path for files matching a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%</span></tt> pattern:</p>
371<pre class="literal-block">
372vpath pattern path
373</pre>
374<p>Remove all search paths previously specified for pattern:</p>
375<pre class="literal-block">
376vpath pattern
377</pre>
378<p>Remove all search paths previously specified in any vpath directive:</p>
379<pre class="literal-block">
380vpath
381</pre>
382</blockquote>
383</div>
384<div class="section">
385<h1><a id="automatic-variables" name="automatic-variables">Automatic variables</a></h1>
386<p>Here is a summary of the automatic variables.</p>
387<table border="1" class="docutils">
388<colgroup>
389<col width="14%" />
390<col width="86%" />
391</colgroup>
392<thead valign="bottom">
393<tr><th class="head">Variable</th>
394<th class="head">Description</th>
395</tr>
396</thead>
397<tbody valign="top">
398<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&#64;</span></tt></td>
399<td>The file name of the target.</td>
400</tr>
401<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&lt;</span></tt></td>
402<td>The name of the first prerequisite.</td>
403</tr>
404<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$?</span></tt></td>
405<td>The names of all the prerequisites that are newer than the
406target, with spaces between them.</td>
407</tr>
408<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$^</span></tt></td>
409<td>The names of all the prerequisites, duplicates omitted.</td>
410</tr>
411<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$+</span></tt></td>
412<td>The names of all the prerequisites, duplicates and order
413preserved</td>
414</tr>
415<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$*</span></tt></td>
416<td>The stem with which an implicit rule matches.</td>
417</tr>
418<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$|</span></tt></td>
419<td>The name of all the order only prerequisites.</td>
420</tr>
421<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(&#64;D)</span></tt></td>
422<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&#64;</span></tt>.</td>
423</tr>
424<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(&lt;D)</span></tt></td>
425<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&lt;</span></tt>.</td>
426</tr>
427<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(?D)</span></tt></td>
428<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$?</span></tt>.</td>
429</tr>
430<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(^D)</span></tt></td>
431<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%^</span></tt>.</td>
432</tr>
433<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(+D)</span></tt></td>
434<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$+</span></tt>.</td>
435</tr>
436<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(*D)</span></tt></td>
437<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$*</span></tt>.</td>
438</tr>
439<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(|D)</span></tt></td>
440<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$|</span></tt>.</td>
441</tr>
442<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(&#64;F)</span></tt></td>
443<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&#64;</span></tt>.</td>
444</tr>
445<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(&lt;F)</span></tt></td>
446<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&lt;</span></tt>.</td>
447</tr>
448<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(?F)</span></tt></td>
449<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$?</span></tt>.</td>
450</tr>
451<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(^F)</span></tt></td>
452<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$^</span></tt>.</td>
453</tr>
454<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(+F)</span></tt></td>
455<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$+</span></tt>.</td>
456</tr>
457<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(*F)</span></tt></td>
458<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$*</span></tt>.</td>
459</tr>
460<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(|F)</span></tt></td>
461<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$|</span></tt>.</td>
462</tr>
463</tbody>
464</table>
465</div>
466<div class="section">
467<h1><a id="special-variables" name="special-variables">Special variables</a></h1>
468<p>All variables starting with a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.</span></tt> is reserved by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>. The following
469variables are specially used or/and defined by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>:</p>
470<table border="1" class="docutils">
471<colgroup>
472<col width="34%" />
473<col width="66%" />
474</colgroup>
475<thead valign="bottom">
476<tr><th class="head">Variable</th>
477<th class="head">Description</th>
478</tr>
479</thead>
480<tbody valign="top">
481<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.DEFAULT_GOAL</span></tt></td>
482<td>The makefile default goal. You can set this in
483the makefile, if you don't it will default to
484the first target that is encountered.</td>
485</tr>
486<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.FEATURES</span></tt></td>
487<td>List of GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt> features. Do not set this.</td>
488</tr>
489<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.INCLUDE_DIRS</span></tt></td>
490<td>List of include directories, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-I</span></tt> arguments
491and defaults. Do not set this.</td>
492</tr>
493<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.RECIPEPREFIX</span></tt></td>
494<td>Recipe prefix, defaults to tab.</td>
495</tr>
496<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.VARIABLES</span></tt></td>
497<td>Special variable which exands to the list of
498variable. Do not set this.</td>
499</tr>
500<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CURDIR</span></tt></td>
501<td>Set to the pathname of the current working
502directory (after all <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-C</span></tt> options are
503processed, if any). Do not set this.</td>
504</tr>
505<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_VERSION</span></tt>,
506<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_VERSION_MAJOR</span></tt>,
507<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_VERSION_MINOR</span></tt>,
508<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_VERSION_PATCH</span></tt>,
509<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_KMK_REVISION</span></tt></td>
510<td>The kBuild version string and the break down
511into individual components. <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id3" name="id3">[1]</a></td>
512</tr>
513<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_HOST</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id4" name="id4">[1]</a></td>
514<td>The host operating system.</td>
515</tr>
516<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_HOST_ARCH</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id5" name="id5">[1]</a></td>
517<td>The host architecture.</td>
518</tr>
519<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_HOST_CPU</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id6" name="id6">[1]</a></td>
520<td>The host CPU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> is built for, set to
521<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">blend</span></tt> if not any particular CPU.</td>
522</tr>
523<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_PATH</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id7" name="id7">[1]</a></td>
524<td>Where the kBuild scripts are.</td>
525</tr>
526<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_BIN_PATH</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id8" name="id8">[1]</a></td>
527<td>Where the host specific kBuild binaries are.</td>
528</tr>
529<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id9" name="id9">[1]</a>,
530<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAKE</span></tt></td>
531<td>The name with which <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> was invoked. Using
532this variable in recipes has special meaning.</td>
533</tr>
534<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_BUILTIN</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id10" name="id10">[1]</a></td>
535<td>List of built-in commands.</td>
536</tr>
537<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_FEATURES</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id11" name="id11">[1]</a></td>
538<td>List of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> specific features.</td>
539</tr>
540<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_FLAGS</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id12" name="id12">[1]</a></td>
541<td><p class="first">The flags given to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>. You can set this in
542the environment or a makefile to set flags.</p>
543<p class="last">It is never appropriate to use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_FLAGS</span></tt>
544directly in a recipe line: its contents may not
545be quoted correctly for use in the shell. Always
546allow recursive <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>'s to obtain these values
547through the environment from its parent.</p>
548</td>
549</tr>
550<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_LEVEL</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id13" name="id13">[1]</a></td>
551<td>The number of levels of recursion (sub-makes).</td>
552</tr>
553<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_VERSION</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id14" name="id14">[1]</a></td>
554<td>The GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt> version number.</td>
555</tr>
556<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAKECMDGOALS</span></tt></td>
557<td>The targets given to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> on the command line.
558Do not set this.</td>
559</tr>
560<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAKEFILES</span></tt></td>
561<td>Makefiles to be read on every invocation of
562<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>.</td>
563</tr>
564<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAKEFILE_LIST</span></tt></td>
565<td>List of the makefiles that <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> has opened.</td>
566</tr>
567<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAKESHELL</span></tt></td>
568<td>OS/2 and MS-DOS only, the name of the command
569interpreter that is to be used by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>. This
570value takes precedence over the value of SHELL.</td>
571</tr>
572<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SHELL</span></tt></td>
573<td>The name of the default command interpreter,
574kmk_ash. You can set SHELL in the makefile to
575change the shell used to run recipes. The SHELL
576variable is handled specially when importing
577from and exporting to the environment.</td>
578</tr>
579<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SUFFIXES</span></tt></td>
580<td>The default list of suffixes before <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>
581reads any makefiles (always empty).</td>
582</tr>
583<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">VPATH</span></tt></td>
584<td>Directory search path for files not found in the
585current directory.</td>
586</tr>
587</tbody>
588</table>
589<p>The following variables reflects <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> options. Do not set these. <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id15" name="id15">[1]</a></p>
590<table border="1" class="docutils">
591<colgroup>
592<col width="49%" />
593<col width="51%" />
594</colgroup>
595<thead valign="bottom">
596<tr><th class="head">Variable</th>
597<th class="head">Description</th>
598</tr>
599</thead>
600<tbody valign="top">
601<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_JOBS</span></tt></td>
602<td>-j slots, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> if not given.</td>
603</tr>
604<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_KEEP_GOING</span></tt></td>
605<td>-k indictor (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>/<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt>).</td>
606</tr>
607<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_JUST_PRINT</span></tt></td>
608<td>-n indicator (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>/<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt>).</td>
609</tr>
610<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_PRORITY</span></tt></td>
611<td>--priority level, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> if not given.</td>
612</tr>
613<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_AFFINITY</span></tt></td>
614<td>--affinity mask, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> if not given.</td>
615</tr>
616<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_STATISTICS</span></tt></td>
617<td>--statistics indicator (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>/<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt>).</td>
618</tr>
619<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_PRINT_TIME</span></tt></td>
620<td>The --print-time value.</td>
621</tr>
622<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_PRETTY_COMMAND_PRINTING</span></tt></td>
623<td>--pretty-command-printing indicator.</td>
624</tr>
625</tbody>
626</table>
627</div>
628<div class="section">
629<h1><a id="special-targets" name="special-targets">Special Targets</a></h1>
630<p>Certain names have special meanings if they appear as targets.</p>
631<table border="1" class="docutils">
632<colgroup>
633<col width="41%" />
634<col width="59%" />
635</colgroup>
636<thead valign="bottom">
637<tr><th class="head">Target</th>
638<th class="head">Description</th>
639</tr>
640</thead>
641<tbody valign="top">
642<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.DEFAULT</span></tt></td>
643<td>The recipe is used for any target for which
644no rules are found.</td>
645</tr>
646<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.DELETE_ON_ERROR</span></tt></td>
647<td>If mentioned, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> will delete the
648targets of a rule if it has changed and its
649recipe fails or is interrupted.</td>
650</tr>
651<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.EXPORT_ALL_VARIABLES</span></tt></td>
652<td>If mentioned, all variables will by default
653be exported to child processes.</td>
654</tr>
655<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.IGNORE</span></tt></td>
656<td>Ignore errors in the execution of the recipe
657for the targets <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.IGNORE</span></tt> depends on, if
658no prequisites all targets are affected.</td>
659</tr>
660<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.INTERMEDIATE</span></tt></td>
661<td>The prerequisites are treated as
662intermediate files (implicite rules).</td>
663</tr>
664<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.LOW_RESOLUTION_TIME</span></tt></td>
665<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> will assume prerequisite files are
666created with low resolution time stamps.</td>
667</tr>
668<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.NOTPARALLEL</span></tt></td>
669<td>If mentioned without any prerequisites,
670<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> will run serially as if -j1 was
671given. If it has prerequisites <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id16" name="id16">[1]</a>
672will only do this for the targets among
673them.</td>
674</tr>
675<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.PHONY</span></tt></td>
676<td>The prerequisites are considered phony and
677will be rebuilt unconditionally.</td>
678</tr>
679<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.PRECIOUS</span></tt></td>
680<td>The targets which <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.PRECIOUS</span></tt> depends
681will to be deleted if <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> is killed or
682interrupted while their building.</td>
683</tr>
684<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.SECONDARY</span></tt></td>
685<td>The prerequisites are treated as
686intermediate files, except that they are
687never automatically deleted. If used with
688no prerequisites all targets gets this
689treatement.</td>
690</tr>
691<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.SECONDEXPANSION</span></tt></td>
692<td>If mentioned, all prerequisite lists after
693it will be expanded a second time after all
694makefiles have been read.</td>
695</tr>
696<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.SECONDTARGETEXPANSION</span></tt>
697<a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id17" name="id17">[1]</a></td>
698<td>If mentioned, all targets after it will be
699expanded a second time after all makefiles
700have been read.</td>
701</tr>
702<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.SILENT</span></tt></td>
703<td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> will not print the recipe for
704targets listed as prerequisites, if none
705then it applies to all targets.</td>
706</tr>
707<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.SUFFIXES</span></tt></td>
708<td>The prerequisites are the list of suffixes
709used in checking for suffix rules. If it
710appears without prerequisites it the suffix
711will be cleared.</td>
712</tr>
713</tbody>
714</table>
715</div>
716<div class="section">
717<h1><a id="commands" name="commands">Commands</a></h1>
718<p>Builtin commands <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id18" name="id18">[1]</a> all start with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk_builtin_</span></tt>, so in order to save
719space this prefix has been omitted in the table below. All commands comes in an
720external edition that can be used by/in the shell, these are prefixed <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk_</span></tt>.</p>
721<table border="1" class="docutils">
722<colgroup>
723<col width="20%" />
724<col width="80%" />
725</colgroup>
726<thead valign="bottom">
727<tr><th class="head">Command</th>
728<th class="head">Description</th>
729</tr>
730</thead>
731<tbody valign="top">
732<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">append</span></tt></td>
733<td>Append text to a file. The builtin version can output the
734value of a variable or the commands of a target.</td>
735</tr>
736<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cat</span></tt></td>
737<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cat</span></tt> command.</td>
738</tr>
739<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">chmod</span></tt></td>
740<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">chmod</span></tt> command.</td>
741</tr>
742<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmp</span></tt></td>
743<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmp</span></tt> command.</td>
744</tr>
745<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cp</span></tt></td>
746<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cp</span></tt> command with some twaking.</td>
747</tr>
748<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">echo</span></tt></td>
749<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">echo</span></tt> command.</td>
750</tr>
751<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">expr</span></tt></td>
752<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">expr</span></tt> command.</td>
753</tr>
754<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">install</span></tt></td>
755<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">install</span></tt> command with some tweaking.</td>
756</tr>
757<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kDepIDB</span></tt></td>
758<td>Extract dependencies from a Visual C++ .IDB file.</td>
759</tr>
760<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ln</span></tt></td>
761<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ln</span></tt> command.</td>
762</tr>
763<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">md5sum</span></tt></td>
764<td>Typical MD5 sum program, custom kBuild version.</td>
765</tr>
766<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mkdir</span></tt></td>
767<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mkdir</span></tt> command.</td>
768</tr>
769<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mv</span></tt></td>
770<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mv</span></tt> command with some tweaking.</td>
771</tr>
772<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">printf</span></tt></td>
773<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">printf</span></tt> command.</td>
774</tr>
775<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rm</span></tt></td>
776<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rm</span></tt> command with some tweaking.</td>
777</tr>
778<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rmdir</span></tt></td>
779<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rmdir</span></tt> command with some tweaking.</td>
780</tr>
781<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sleep</span></tt></td>
782<td>Typical <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sleep</span></tt> program, custom kBuild version.</td>
783</tr>
784<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test</span></tt></td>
785<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test</span></tt> program with some tweaking.</td>
786</tr>
787</tbody>
788</table>
789<p>Some additional external commands are available in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> / <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kBuild</span></tt>
790environment (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kSomething</span></tt> command are not prefixed with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk_</span></tt>):</p>
791<table border="1" class="docutils">
792<colgroup>
793<col width="20%" />
794<col width="80%" />
795</colgroup>
796<thead valign="bottom">
797<tr><th class="head">Command</th>
798<th class="head">Description</th>
799</tr>
800</thead>
801<tbody valign="top">
802<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kDepPre</span></tt></td>
803<td>Extract dependencies from the C/C++ preprocessor output.</td>
804</tr>
805<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kObjCache</span></tt></td>
806<td>Simple object file cache program.</td>
807</tr>
808<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ash</span></tt></td>
809<td>Almquist's shell (NetBSD variant).</td>
810</tr>
811<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gmake</span></tt></td>
812<td>Vanilla GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt> from same sources as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>.</td>
813</tr>
814<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">redirect</span></tt></td>
815<td>Shell avoidance tool. Sets up file descriptors, environment
816variables and current directory before kicking of program.</td>
817</tr>
818<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sed</span></tt></td>
819<td>GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sed</span></tt> with some tweaks to avoid involving the shell.</td>
820</tr>
821<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">time</span></tt></td>
822<td>Stopwatch utility for measuring program execution time(s).</td>
823</tr>
824</tbody>
825</table>
826</div>
827<div class="section">
828<h1><a id="kmk-expression" name="kmk-expression">kmk-expression</a></h1>
829<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expressions <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id19" name="id19">[1]</a> are related to the C/C++ preprocessor in some ways as
830well as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">nmake</span></tt> and BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt>. There are however some peculiarities
831because of the way GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt> choose to represent booleans in its function
832library, so, strings can be turned into boolean by taking any non-empty string
833as true.</p>
834<p>Quoting using single quotes results in hard strings, while double quotes and
835unquoted string results in soft strings that can be converted to number or
836boolean to fit the situation.</p>
837<p>Here's the operator table in decending precedence order:</p>
838<table border="1" class="docutils">
839<colgroup>
840<col width="20%" />
841<col width="11%" />
842<col width="70%" />
843</colgroup>
844<thead valign="bottom">
845<tr><th class="head">Operator</th>
846<th class="head">Type</th>
847<th class="head">Description</th>
848</tr>
849</thead>
850<tbody valign="top">
851<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">defined</span></tt></td>
852<td rowspan="6">Unary</td>
853<td>Checks if the following variable exists.</td>
854</tr>
855<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">exists</span></tt></td>
856<td>Checks if the following file exists.</td>
857</tr>
858<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">target</span></tt></td>
859<td>Checks if the following target exists.</td>
860</tr>
861<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bool</span></tt></td>
862<td>Casts the following value to boolean.</td>
863</tr>
864<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">num</span></tt></td>
865<td>Casts the following value to a number.</td>
866</tr>
867<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt></td>
868<td>Casts the following value to a string.</td>
869</tr>
870<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">!</span></tt></td>
871<td rowspan="4">Unary</td>
872<td>Logical NOT.</td>
873</tr>
874<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">+</span></tt></td>
875<td>Pluss prefix.</td>
876</tr>
877<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-</span></tt></td>
878<td>Minus prefix.</td>
879</tr>
880<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">~</span></tt></td>
881<td>Bitwise one's complement.</td>
882</tr>
883<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*</span></tt></td>
884<td rowspan="3">Binary</td>
885<td>Multiplication (product).</td>
886</tr>
887<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt></td>
888<td>Division (quotient).</td>
889</tr>
890<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%</span></tt></td>
891<td>Modulus (remainder).</td>
892</tr>
893<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">+</span></tt></td>
894<td rowspan="2">Binary</td>
895<td>Addition (sum).</td>
896</tr>
897<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-</span></tt></td>
898<td>Subtraction (difference).</td>
899</tr>
900<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;&lt;</span></tt></td>
901<td rowspan="2">Binary</td>
902<td>Bitwise left shift.</td>
903</tr>
904<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&gt;&gt;</span></tt></td>
905<td>Bitwise right shift.</td>
906</tr>
907<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;=</span></tt></td>
908<td rowspan="4">Binary</td>
909<td>Less or equal than.</td>
910</tr>
911<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;</span></tt></td>
912<td>Less than.</td>
913</tr>
914<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&gt;=</span></tt></td>
915<td>Greater or equal than.</td>
916</tr>
917<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&gt;</span></tt></td>
918<td>Greater than.</td>
919</tr>
920<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">==</span></tt></td>
921<td rowspan="2">Binary</td>
922<td>Equal to.</td>
923</tr>
924<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">!=</span></tt></td>
925<td>Not equal to.</td>
926</tr>
927<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&amp;</span></tt></td>
928<td>Binary</td>
929<td>Bitwise AND.</td>
930</tr>
931<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">^</span></tt></td>
932<td>Binary</td>
933<td>Bitwise XOR.</td>
934</tr>
935<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">|</span></tt></td>
936<td>Binary</td>
937<td>Bitwise OR.</td>
938</tr>
939<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&amp;&amp;</span></tt></td>
940<td>Binary</td>
941<td>Logical AND.</td>
942</tr>
943<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">||</span></tt></td>
944<td>Binary</td>
945<td>Logical OR.</td>
946</tr>
947</tbody>
948</table>
949</div>
950<div class="section">
951<h1><a id="built-in-functions" name="built-in-functions">Built-in functions</a></h1>
952<p>String Manipulation Functions:</p>
953<blockquote>
954<p>Replace <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">from</span></tt> with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">to</span></tt> in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
955<pre class="literal-block">
956$(subst from,to,text)
957</pre>
958<p>Replace words matching <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pattern</span></tt> with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">replacement</span></tt> in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
959<pre class="literal-block">
960$(patsubst pattern,replacement,text)
961</pre>
962<p>Remove excess whitespace characters from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">string</span></tt>:</p>
963<pre class="literal-block">
964$(strip string)
965</pre>
966<p>Locate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">find</span></tt> in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>, returning <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">find</span></tt> if found:</p>
967<pre class="literal-block">
968$(findstring find,text)
969</pre>
970<p>Select words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> that match one of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pattern</span></tt> words:</p>
971<pre class="literal-block">
972$(filter pattern...,text)
973</pre>
974<p>Select words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> that do not match any of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pattern</span></tt> words:</p>
975<pre class="literal-block">
976$(filter-out pattern...,text)
977</pre>
978<p>Sort the words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">list</span></tt> lexicographically, removing duplicates:</p>
979<pre class="literal-block">
980$(sort list)
981</pre>
982<p>Sort the words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">list</span></tt> lexicographically in reserve order, removing
983duplicates <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id20" name="id20">[1]</a>:</p>
984<pre class="literal-block">
985$(rsort list)
986</pre>
987<p>Count the number of words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
988<pre class="literal-block">
989$(words text)
990</pre>
991<p>Extract the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">n</span></tt>th word (one-origin) of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
992<pre class="literal-block">
993$(word n,text)
994</pre>
995<p>Returns the list of words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">s</span></tt> to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">e</span></tt> (one-origin):</p>
996<pre class="literal-block">
997$(wordlist s,e,text)
998</pre>
999<p>Extract the first word of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>:</p>
1000<pre class="literal-block">
1001$(firstword names...)
1002</pre>
1003<p>Extract the last word of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>:</p>
1004<pre class="literal-block">
1005$(lastword names...)
1006</pre>
1007<p>Join two parallel lists of words:</p>
1008<pre class="literal-block">
1009$(join list1,list2)
1010</pre>
1011<p>Fold <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> to upper case <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id21" name="id21">[1]</a>:</p>
1012<pre class="literal-block">
1013$(toupper text)
1014</pre>
1015<p>Fold <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> to lower case <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id22" name="id22">[1]</a>:</p>
1016<pre class="literal-block">
1017$(tolower text)
1018</pre>
1019<p>String formatting a la the unix <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">printf</span></tt> command <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id23" name="id23">[1]</a>:</p>
1020<pre class="literal-block">
1021$(printf fmt, arg...)
1022</pre>
1023<p>Return the length of a string or a (unexpanded) variable <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id24" name="id24">[1]</a>:</p>
1024<pre class="literal-block">
1025$(length string)
1026$(length-var var)
1027</pre>
1028<p>Find the position of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">needle</span></tt> in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">haystack</span></tt>, returns 0 if not found.
1029Negative <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">start</span></tt> indices are relative to the end of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">haystack</span></tt>, while
1030positive ones are one based <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id25" name="id25">[1]</a>:</p>
1031<pre class="literal-block">
1032$(pos needle, haystack[, start])
1033$(lastpos needle, haystack[, start])
1034</pre>
1035<p>Returns the specified substring. The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">start</span></tt> works like with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(pos</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt>.
1036If the substring is partially outside the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">string</span></tt> the result will be
1037padded with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pad</span></tt> if present <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id26" name="id26">[1]</a>:</p>
1038<pre class="literal-block">
1039$(substr string, start[, length[, pad]])
1040</pre>
1041<p>Insert <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">in</span></tt> into <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt> at the specified position. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">n</span></tt> works like with
1042<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(pos</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt>, except that <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> is the end of the string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id27" name="id27">[1]</a>:</p>
1043<pre class="literal-block">
1044$(insert in, str[, n[, length[, pad]]])
1045</pre>
1046<p>Translate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">string</span></tt> exchanging characters in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">from-set</span></tt> with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">to-set</span></tt>,
1047optionally completing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">to-set</span></tt> with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pad-char</span></tt> if specified. If no
1048<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pad-char</span></tt> characters absent in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">to-set</span></tt> will be deleted <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id28" name="id28">[1]</a>:</p>
1049<pre class="literal-block">
1050$(translate string, from-set[, to-set[, pad-char]])
1051</pre>
1052</blockquote>
1053<p>Functions for file names:</p>
1054<blockquote>
1055<p>Extract the directory part of each file <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></tt>:</p>
1056<pre class="literal-block">
1057$(dir names...)
1058</pre>
1059<p>Extract the non-directory part of each file <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></tt>:</p>
1060<pre class="literal-block">
1061$(notdir names...)
1062</pre>
1063<p>Extract the suffix (the last <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.</span></tt> and following characters) of each file
1064<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></tt>:</p>
1065<pre class="literal-block">
1066$(suffix names...)
1067</pre>
1068<p>Extract the base name (name without suffix) of each file name:</p>
1069<pre class="literal-block">
1070$(basename names...)
1071</pre>
1072<p>Extract the root specification of each file name (a bit complicated on
1073Windows &amp; OS/2) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id29" name="id29">[1]</a>:</p>
1074<pre class="literal-block">
1075$(root names...)
1076</pre>
1077<p>Append <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">suffix</span></tt> to each word in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>:</p>
1078<pre class="literal-block">
1079$(addsuffix suffix,names...)
1080</pre>
1081<p>Prepend <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prefix</span></tt> to each word in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>:</p>
1082<pre class="literal-block">
1083$(addprefix prefix,names...)
1084</pre>
1085<p>Find file names matching a shell file name <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pattern</span></tt> (not a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%</span></tt>
1086pattern):</p>
1087<pre class="literal-block">
1088$(wildcard pattern...)
1089</pre>
1090<p>For each file name in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>, expand to an absolute name that does not
1091contain any <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">..</span></tt>, nor symlinks:</p>
1092<pre class="literal-block">
1093$(realpath names...)
1094</pre>
1095<p>For each file name in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>, expand to an absolute name that does not
1096contain any <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">..</span></tt> components, but preserves symlinks:</p>
1097<pre class="literal-block">
1098$(abspath names...)
1099</pre>
1100<p>Same as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(abspath</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> except that the current directory can be
1101specified as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">curdir</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id30" name="id30">[1]</a>:</p>
1102<pre class="literal-block">
1103$(abspathex names...[, curdir])
1104</pre>
1105</blockquote>
1106<p>Arithmetic Functions:</p>
1107<blockquote>
1108<p>Returns the sum of the arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id31" name="id31">[1]</a>:</p>
1109<pre class="literal-block">
1110$(int-add addend1, addend2[, addendN])
1111</pre>
1112<p>Returns the difference between the first argument and the sum of the
1113rest <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id32" name="id32">[1]</a>:</p>
1114<pre class="literal-block">
1115$(int-sub minuend, subtrahend[, subtrahendN])
1116</pre>
1117<p>Returns the product of the arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id33" name="id33">[1]</a>:</p>
1118<pre class="literal-block">
1119$(int-mul factor1, factor2[, factorN])
1120</pre>
1121<p>Returns the quotient of first argument and the rest <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id34" name="id34">[1]</a>:</p>
1122<pre class="literal-block">
1123$(int-div dividend, divisor[, divisorN])
1124</pre>
1125<p>Returns the modulus of the two arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id35" name="id35">[1]</a>:</p>
1126<pre class="literal-block">
1127$(int-mod dividend, divisor)
1128</pre>
1129<p>Returns the bitwise two-complement of argument <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id36" name="id36">[1]</a>:</p>
1130<pre class="literal-block">
1131$(int-not val)
1132</pre>
1133<p>Returns the result of a bitwise AND of the arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id37" name="id37">[1]</a>:</p>
1134<pre class="literal-block">
1135$(int-and val1, val2[, valN])
1136</pre>
1137<p>Returns the result of a bitwise OR of the arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id38" name="id38">[1]</a>:</p>
1138<pre class="literal-block">
1139$(int-or val1, val2[, valN])
1140</pre>
1141<p>Returns the result of a bitwise XOR of the arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id39" name="id39">[1]</a>:</p>
1142<pre class="literal-block">
1143$(int-xor val1, val2[, valN])
1144</pre>
1145<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean (true = non-empty, false = empty) result
1146of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id40" name="id40">[1]</a>:</p>
1147<pre class="literal-block">
1148$(int-eq val1, val2)
1149</pre>
1150<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean result of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">!=</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id41" name="id41">[1]</a>:</p>
1151<pre class="literal-block">
1152$(int-ne val1, val2)
1153</pre>
1154<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean result of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">&gt;</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id42" name="id42">[1]</a>:</p>
1155<pre class="literal-block">
1156$(int-gt val1, val2)
1157</pre>
1158<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean result of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">&gt;=</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id43" name="id43">[1]</a>:</p>
1159<pre class="literal-block">
1160$(int-ge val1, val2)
1161</pre>
1162<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean result of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id44" name="id44">[1]</a>:</p>
1163<pre class="literal-block">
1164$(int-lt val1, val2)
1165</pre>
1166<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean result of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id45" name="id45">[1]</a>:</p>
1167<pre class="literal-block">
1168$(int-le val1, val2)
1169</pre>
1170</blockquote>
1171<p>Boolean and Conditional Functions:</p>
1172<blockquote>
1173<p>Condition is false if the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">condition</span></tt> evaluates to an empty string
1174(stripped). Evaluate the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">true-part</span></tt> if the condition is true, otherwise
1175the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">false-part</span></tt>:</p>
1176<pre class="literal-block">
1177$(if condition,true-part[,false-part])
1178</pre>
1179<p>Test if any of the conditions evalues to non-empty string, returning the
1180first one:</p>
1181<pre class="literal-block">
1182$(or condition1[,condition2[,condition3[...]]])
1183</pre>
1184<p>Test if all of the conditions evaluates to non-empty strings, returning the
1185last one:</p>
1186<pre class="literal-block">
1187$(and condition1[,condition2[,condition3[...]]])
1188</pre>
1189<p>Test if the two strings are identical, returning <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean (true =
1190non-empty, false = empty) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id46" name="id46">[2]</a>:</p>
1191<pre class="literal-block">
1192$(eq str1, str2)
1193</pre>
1194<p>Invert a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean value <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id84" id="id47" name="id47">[2]</a>:</p>
1195<pre class="literal-block">
1196$(not val)
1197</pre>
1198<p>Test if <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">variable</span></tt> is defined, returning a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean value <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id48" name="id48">[1]</a>:</p>
1199<pre class="literal-block">
1200$(defined variable)
1201</pre>
1202<p>Test if <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set-a</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set-b</span></tt> intersects, returning a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean
1203value <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id49" name="id49">[1]</a>:</p>
1204<pre class="literal-block">
1205$(intersects set-a, set-b)
1206</pre>
1207<p>Same as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(if</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> execpt that the condition is a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expression <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id50" name="id50">[1]</a>:</p>
1208<pre class="literal-block">
1209$(if-expr kmk-expression,true-part[,false-part])
1210</pre>
1211<p>Select the first true condition (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expression) and expand the
1212following body. Special condition strings <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">default</span></tt> and
1213<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">otherwise</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id51" name="id51">[1]</a>:</p>
1214<pre class="literal-block">
1215$(select when1-cond, when1-body[, whenN-cond, whenN-body])
1216</pre>
1217<p>Evalutate the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk-expression</span></tt> returning what it evalues as. This is
1218the preferred way of doing arithmentic now <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id52" name="id52">[1]</a>:</p>
1219<pre class="literal-block">
1220$(expr kmk-expression)
1221</pre>
1222</blockquote>
1223<p>Stack Fuctions:</p>
1224<blockquote>
1225<p>Push <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">item</span></tt> onto the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stack-var</span></tt>, returning the empty string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id53" name="id53">[1]</a>:</p>
1226<pre class="literal-block">
1227$(stack-push stack-var, item)
1228</pre>
1229<p>Pop the top item off the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stack-var</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id54" name="id54">[1]</a>:</p>
1230<pre class="literal-block">
1231$(stack-pop stack-var)
1232</pre>
1233<p>Pop the top item off the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stack-var</span></tt>, returning the empty string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id55" name="id55">[1]</a>:</p>
1234<pre class="literal-block">
1235$(stack-popv stack-var)
1236</pre>
1237<p>Get the top item of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stack-var</span></tt>, returning the empty string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id56" name="id56">[1]</a>:</p>
1238<pre class="literal-block">
1239$(stack-top stack-var)
1240</pre>
1241</blockquote>
1242<p>Advanced Functions:</p>
1243<blockquote>
1244<p>Evaluates to the contents of the variable <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">var</span></tt>, with no expansion
1245performed on it:</p>
1246<pre class="literal-block">
1247$(value var)
1248</pre>
1249<p>Evaluate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">body</span></tt> with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">var</span></tt> bound to each word in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">words</span></tt>, and
1250concatenate the results (spaced):</p>
1251<pre class="literal-block">
1252$(foreach var,words,body)
1253</pre>
1254<p>C-style for-loop. Start by evaluating <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">init</span></tt>. Each iteration will
1255first check whether the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">condition</span></tt> (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expression) is true,
1256then expand <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">body</span></tt> concatenating the result to the previous iterations
1257(spaced), and finally evaluate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">next</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id57" name="id57">[1]</a>:</p>
1258<pre class="literal-block">
1259$(for init,conditions,next,body)
1260</pre>
1261<p>C-style while-loop. Each iteration will check whether the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">condition</span></tt>
1262(<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expression) is true, then expand <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">body</span></tt> concatenating the
1263result to the previous iterations <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id58" name="id58">[1]</a>:</p>
1264<pre class="literal-block">
1265$(while conditions,body)
1266</pre>
1267<p>Evaluate the variable <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">var</span></tt> replacing any references to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(1)</span></tt>,
1268<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(2)</span></tt> with the first, second, etc. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">param</span></tt> values:</p>
1269<pre class="literal-block">
1270$(call var,param,...)
1271</pre>
1272<p>Evaluate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> then read the results as makefile commands. Expands
1273to the empty string:</p>
1274<pre class="literal-block">
1275$(eval text)
1276</pre>
1277<p>Same as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(eval</span> <span class="pre">text)</span></tt> except that the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> is expanded in its
1278own variable context <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id59" name="id59">[1]</a>:</p>
1279<pre class="literal-block">
1280$(evalctx text)
1281</pre>
1282<p>Same as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(eval</span> <span class="pre">$(value</span> <span class="pre">var))</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id60" name="id60">[1]</a>:</p>
1283<pre class="literal-block">
1284$(evalval var)
1285</pre>
1286<p>Same as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(evalctx</span> <span class="pre">$(value</span> <span class="pre">var))</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id61" name="id61">[1]</a>:</p>
1287<pre class="literal-block">
1288$(evalvalctx var)
1289</pre>
1290<p>A combination of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(eval</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(call</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(value</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id62" name="id62">[1]</a>:</p>
1291<pre class="literal-block">
1292$(evalcall var)
1293</pre>
1294<p>A combination of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(eval</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(call</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id63" name="id63">[1]</a>:</p>
1295<pre class="literal-block">
1296$(evalcall var)
1297</pre>
1298<p>Remove comments and blank lines from the variable <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">var</span></tt>. Expands to
1299the empty string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id64" name="id64">[1]</a>:</p>
1300<pre class="literal-block">
1301$(eval-opt-var var)
1302</pre>
1303<p>Returns accessing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&lt;</span></tt> of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">target</span></tt>, either retriving the whole thing
1304or the file at <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pos</span></tt> (one-origin) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id65" name="id65">[1]</a>:</p>
1305<pre class="literal-block">
1306$(deps target[, pos])
1307</pre>
1308<p>Returns accessing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$+</span></tt> (order + duplicates) of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">target</span></tt>, either
1309retriving the whole thing or the file at <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pos</span></tt> (one-origin) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id66" name="id66">[1]</a>:</p>
1310<pre class="literal-block">
1311$(deps-all target[, pos])
1312</pre>
1313<p>Returns accessing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$?</span></tt> of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">target</span></tt>, either retriving the whole
1314thing or the file at <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pos</span></tt> (one-origin) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id67" name="id67">[1]</a>:</p>
1315<pre class="literal-block">
1316$(deps-newer target[, pos])
1317</pre>
1318<p>Returns accessing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$|</span></tt> (order only) of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">target</span></tt>, either retriving the
1319whole thing or the file at <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pos</span></tt> (one-origin) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id68" name="id68">[1]</a>:</p>
1320<pre class="literal-block">
1321$(deps-oo target[, pos])
1322</pre>
1323</blockquote>
1324<p>Command Functions:</p>
1325<blockquote>
1326<p>Create one or more command lines avoiding the max argument
1327length restriction of the host OS <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id69" name="id69">[1]</a>:</p>
1328<pre class="literal-block">
1329$(xargs ar cas mylib.a,$(objects))
1330$(xargs ar cas mylib.a,ar as mylib.a,$(objects))
1331</pre>
1332<p>Returns the commands for the specified target separated by new-line, space,
1333or a user defined string. Note that this might not produce the 100% correct
1334result if any of the prerequisite automatic variables are used <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id70" name="id70">[1]</a>:</p>
1335<pre class="literal-block">
1336$(commands target)
1337$(commands-sc target)
1338$(commands-usr target,sep)
1339</pre>
1340<p>Compares two commands returning the empty string if equal and the 3rd
1341argument if not. This differs from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(comp-vars</span> <span class="pre">v1,v2,ne)</span></tt> in that
1342line by line is stripped of leading spaces, command prefixes and
1343trailing spaces before comparing <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id71" name="id71">[1]</a>:</p>
1344<pre class="literal-block">
1345$(comp-cmds cmds-var1, cmds-var2, ne)
1346$(comp-cmds-ex cmds1, cmd2, ne)
1347</pre>
1348<p>Compares the values of the two variables returning the empty string if
1349equal and the 3rd argument if not. Leading and trailing spaces is
1350ignored <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id72" name="id72">[1]</a>:</p>
1351<pre class="literal-block">
1352$(comp-var var1, var2, ne)
1353</pre>
1354</blockquote>
1355<p>Utility functions:</p>
1356<blockquote>
1357<p>When this function is evaluated, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> generates a fatal error with the
1358message <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
1359<pre class="literal-block">
1360$(error text...)
1361</pre>
1362<p>When this function is evaluated, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> generates a warning with the
1363message <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
1364<pre class="literal-block">
1365$(warning text...)
1366</pre>
1367<p>When this function is evaluated, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> generates a info with the
1368message <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
1369<pre class="literal-block">
1370$(info text...)
1371</pre>
1372<p>Execute a shell <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">command</span></tt> and return its output:</p>
1373<pre class="literal-block">
1374$(shell command)
1375</pre>
1376<p>Return a string describing how the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> variable <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">variable</span></tt> was defined:</p>
1377<pre class="literal-block">
1378$(origin variable)
1379</pre>
1380<p>Return a string describing the flavor of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> variable <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">variable</span></tt>:</p>
1381<pre class="literal-block">
1382$(flavor variable)
1383</pre>
1384<p>Returns the current local time and date formatted in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">strftime</span></tt>
1385style specifier <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt>. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt> defaults to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S</span></tt> when
1386not specified <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id73" name="id73">[1]</a>:</p>
1387<pre class="literal-block">
1388$(date fmt)
1389</pre>
1390<p>Returns the current UTC time and date formatted in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">strftime</span></tt>
1391style specifier <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt>. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt> defaults to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ</span></tt> when
1392not specified <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id74" name="id74">[1]</a>:</p>
1393<pre class="literal-block">
1394$(date-utc fmt)
1395</pre>
1396<p>Reformats the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">in</span></tt> time and date using <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt>. The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">in-fmt</span></tt> defaults
1397to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt> if not specified. While <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt> defaults to
1398<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ</span></tt> if not specified <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id75" name="id75">[1]</a>:</p>
1399<pre class="literal-block">
1400$(date-utc fmt,time,in-fmt)
1401</pre>
1402<p>Returns the current nanosecond timestamp (monotonic when possible) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id76" name="id76">[1]</a>:</p>
1403<pre class="literal-block">
1404$(nanots )
1405</pre>
1406<p>Returns the size of the specified file, or -1 if the size could not
1407be obtained. This can be used to check if a file exist or not <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id77" name="id77">[1]</a>:</p>
1408<pre class="literal-block">
1409$(file-size file)
1410</pre>
1411<p>Searches the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PATH</span></tt> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> variable for the specified <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">files</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id78" name="id78">[1]</a>:</p>
1412<pre class="literal-block">
1413$(which files...)
1414</pre>
1415<p>OS/2: Returns the specified LIBPATH variable value <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id79" name="id79">[1]</a>:</p>
1416<pre class="literal-block">
1417$(libpath var)
1418</pre>
1419<p>OS/2: Sets the specified LIBPATH variable value, returning the empty
1420string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id80" name="id80">[1]</a>:</p>
1421<pre class="literal-block">
1422$(libpath var,value)
1423</pre>
1424</blockquote>
1425<p>Debugging Functions:</p>
1426<blockquote>
1427<p>Returns various make statistics, if no item is specified a default
1428selection is returned <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id81" name="id81">[1]</a>:</p>
1429<pre class="literal-block">
1430$(make-stats item[,itemN])
1431</pre>
1432<p>Raise a debug breakpoint. Used for debugging <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> makefile
1433parsing <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id83" id="id82" name="id82">[1]</a>:</p>
1434<pre class="literal-block">
1435$(breakpoint )
1436</pre>
1437</blockquote>
1438<hr class="docutils" />
1439<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id83" rules="none">
1440<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
1441<tbody valign="top">
1442<tr><td class="label"><a name="id83">[1]</a></td><td><em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id2">2</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id3">3</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id4">4</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id5">5</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id6">6</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id7">7</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id8">8</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id9">9</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id10">10</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id11">11</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id12">12</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id13">13</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id14">14</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id15">15</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id16">16</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id17">17</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id18">18</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id19">19</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id20">20</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id21">21</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id22">22</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id23">23</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id24">24</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id25">25</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id26">26</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id27">27</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id28">28</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id29">29</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id30">30</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id31">31</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id32">32</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id33">33</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id34">34</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id35">35</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id36">36</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id37">37</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id38">38</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id39">39</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id40">40</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id41">41</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id42">42</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id43">43</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id44">44</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id45">45</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id48">46</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id49">47</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id50">48</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id51">49</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id52">50</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id53">51</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id54">52</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id55">53</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id56">54</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id57">55</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id58">56</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id59">57</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id60">58</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id61">59</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id62">60</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id63">61</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id64">62</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id65">63</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id66">64</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id67">65</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id68">66</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id69">67</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id70">68</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id71">69</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id72">70</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id73">71</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id74">72</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id75">73</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id76">74</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id77">75</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id78">76</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id79">77</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id80">78</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id81">79</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id82">80</a>)</em> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> only feature.</td></tr>
1443</tbody>
1444</table>
1445<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id84" rules="none">
1446<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
1447<tbody valign="top">
1448<tr><td class="label"><a name="id84">[2]</a></td><td><em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id46">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id47">2</a>)</em> Experimental GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt> feature that is not enabled by default.</td></tr>
1449</tbody>
1450</table>
1451<hr class="docutils" />
1452<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
1453<col class="field-name" />
1454<col class="field-body" />
1455<tbody valign="top">
1456<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Status:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">$Id: QuickReference-kmk.html 2243 2009-01-10 02:24:02Z bird $</p>
1457</td>
1458</tr>
1459<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Copyright:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995,
14601996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
14612007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
1462<p class="last">Copyright (c) 2008-2009 knut st. osmundsen</p>
1463</td>
1464</tr>
1465</tbody>
1466</table>
1467</div>
1468</div>
1469</body>
1470</html>
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