source: trunk/kBuild/doc/QuickReference-kmk.html@ 2170

Last change on this file since 2170 was 2170, checked in by bird, 17 years ago

kmk-qr: filled in the kmk-only markers for the rest of the stuff.

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11:Author: David Goodger
12:Contact: goodger@users.sourceforge.net
13:Date: $Date: 2008-12-30 20:39:35 +0000 (Tue, 30 Dec 2008) $
14:Revision: $Revision: 2170 $
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292<body>
293<div class="document" id="kmk-quick-reference">
294<h1 class="title">kmk Quick Reference</h1>
295<p>This is an attempt at summarizing all directives, functions, special variables,
296special targets, built-in commands, external commands, and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expressions.
297Since <em>all</em> the features are included, the quickness of this reference can be
298disputed. ;-)</p>
299<div class="section">
300<h1><a id="directives" name="directives">Directives</a></h1>
301<p>Here is a summary of the directives <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> recognizes:</p>
302<blockquote>
303<p>Define a multi-line, recursively-expanded variable:</p>
304<pre class="literal-block">
305define variable
306endef
307</pre>
308<p>Conditionally evaluate part of the makefile:</p>
309<pre class="literal-block">
310ifdef variable
311ifndef variable
312ifeq (a,b)
313ifeq &quot;a&quot; &quot;b&quot;
314ifeq 'a' 'b'
315ifneq (a,b)
316ifneq &quot;a&quot; &quot;b&quot;
317ifneq 'a' 'b'
318if1of (set-a,set-b) [1]
319ifn1of (set-a,set-b) [1]
320if expression [1]
321else
322endif
323</pre>
324<p>Include another makefile:</p>
325<pre class="literal-block">
326include file
327-include file
328sinclude file
329</pre>
330<p>Include another dependency file <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id1" name="id1">[1]</a>:</p>
331<pre class="literal-block">
332includedep file
333</pre>
334<p>Define a variable, overriding any previous definition, even one from the
335command line:</p>
336<pre class="literal-block">
337override variable = value
338override variable := value
339override variable += value
340override variable &lt;= value [1]
341override variable ?= value
342override define variable
343endef
344</pre>
345<p>Tell <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> to export all variables to child processes by default:</p>
346<pre class="literal-block">
347export
348</pre>
349<p>Tell <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> whether or not to export a particular variable to child
350processes:</p>
351<pre class="literal-block">
352export variable
353export variable = value
354export variable := value
355export variable += value
356export variable &lt;= value [1]
357export variable ?= value
358unexport variable
359</pre>
360<p>Define a variable in the local context instead of the global one <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id2" name="id2">[1]</a>:</p>
361<pre class="literal-block">
362local variable = value
363local variable := value
364local variable += value
365local variable &lt;= value
366local variable ?= value
367local define variable
368endef
369</pre>
370<p>Specify a search path for files matching a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%</span></tt> pattern:</p>
371<pre class="literal-block">
372vpath pattern path
373</pre>
374<p>Remove all search paths previously specified for pattern:</p>
375<pre class="literal-block">
376vpath pattern
377</pre>
378<p>Remove all search paths previously specified in any vpath directive:</p>
379<pre class="literal-block">
380vpath
381</pre>
382</blockquote>
383</div>
384<div class="section">
385<h1><a id="automatic-variables" name="automatic-variables">Automatic variables</a></h1>
386<p>Here is a summary of the automatic variables.</p>
387<table border="1" class="docutils">
388<colgroup>
389<col width="14%" />
390<col width="86%" />
391</colgroup>
392<thead valign="bottom">
393<tr><th class="head">Variable</th>
394<th class="head">Description</th>
395</tr>
396</thead>
397<tbody valign="top">
398<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&#64;</span></tt></td>
399<td>The file name of the target.</td>
400</tr>
401<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&lt;</span></tt></td>
402<td>The name of the first prerequisite.</td>
403</tr>
404<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$?</span></tt></td>
405<td>The names of all the prerequisites that are newer than the
406target, with spaces between them.</td>
407</tr>
408<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$^</span></tt></td>
409<td>The names of all the prerequisites, duplicates omitted.</td>
410</tr>
411<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$+</span></tt></td>
412<td>The names of all the prerequisites, duplicates and order
413preserved</td>
414</tr>
415<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$*</span></tt></td>
416<td>The stem with which an implicit rule matches.</td>
417</tr>
418<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$|</span></tt></td>
419<td>The name of all the order only prerequisites.</td>
420</tr>
421<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(&#64;D)</span></tt></td>
422<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&#64;</span></tt>.</td>
423</tr>
424<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(&lt;D)</span></tt></td>
425<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&lt;</span></tt>.</td>
426</tr>
427<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(?D)</span></tt></td>
428<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$?</span></tt>.</td>
429</tr>
430<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(^D)</span></tt></td>
431<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%^</span></tt>.</td>
432</tr>
433<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(+D)</span></tt></td>
434<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$+</span></tt>.</td>
435</tr>
436<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(*D)</span></tt></td>
437<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$*</span></tt>.</td>
438</tr>
439<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(|D)</span></tt></td>
440<td>The directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$|</span></tt>.</td>
441</tr>
442<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(&#64;F)</span></tt></td>
443<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&#64;</span></tt>.</td>
444</tr>
445<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(&lt;F)</span></tt></td>
446<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&lt;</span></tt>.</td>
447</tr>
448<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(?F)</span></tt></td>
449<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$?</span></tt>.</td>
450</tr>
451<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(^F)</span></tt></td>
452<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$^</span></tt>.</td>
453</tr>
454<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(+F)</span></tt></td>
455<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$+</span></tt>.</td>
456</tr>
457<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(*F)</span></tt></td>
458<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$*</span></tt>.</td>
459</tr>
460<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(|F)</span></tt></td>
461<td>The file-within-directory part of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$|</span></tt>.</td>
462</tr>
463</tbody>
464</table>
465</div>
466<div class="section">
467<h1><a id="special-variables" name="special-variables">Special variables</a></h1>
468<p>All variables starting with a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.</span></tt> is reserved by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>. The following
469variables are specially used or/and defined by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>:</p>
470<table border="1" class="docutils">
471<colgroup>
472<col width="34%" />
473<col width="66%" />
474</colgroup>
475<thead valign="bottom">
476<tr><th class="head">Variable</th>
477<th class="head">Description</th>
478</tr>
479</thead>
480<tbody valign="top">
481<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.DEFAULT_GOAL</span></tt></td>
482<td>The makefile default goal. You can set this in
483the makefile, if you don't it will default to
484the first target that is encountered.</td>
485</tr>
486<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.FEATURES</span></tt></td>
487<td>List of GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt> features. Do not set this.</td>
488</tr>
489<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.INCLUDE_DIRS</span></tt></td>
490<td>List of include directories, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-I</span></tt> arguments
491and defaults. Do not set this.</td>
492</tr>
493<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.RECIPEPREFIX</span></tt></td>
494<td>Recipe prefix, defaults to tab.</td>
495</tr>
496<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.VARIABLES</span></tt></td>
497<td>Special variable which exands to the list of
498variable. Do not set this.</td>
499</tr>
500<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CURDIR</span></tt></td>
501<td>Set to the pathname of the current working
502directory (after all <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-C</span></tt> options are
503processed, if any). Do not set this.</td>
504</tr>
505<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_VERSION</span></tt>,
506<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_VERSION_MAJOR</span></tt>,
507<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_VERSION_MINOR</span></tt>,
508<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_VERSION_PATCH</span></tt>,
509<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_KMK_REVISION</span></tt></td>
510<td>The kBuild version string and the break down
511into individual components. <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id3" name="id3">[1]</a></td>
512</tr>
513<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_HOST</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id4" name="id4">[1]</a></td>
514<td>The host operating system.</td>
515</tr>
516<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_HOST_ARCH</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id5" name="id5">[1]</a></td>
517<td>The host architecture.</td>
518</tr>
519<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_HOST_CPU</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id6" name="id6">[1]</a></td>
520<td>The host CPU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> is built for, set to
521<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">blend</span></tt> if not any particular CPU.</td>
522</tr>
523<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_PATH</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id7" name="id7">[1]</a></td>
524<td>Where the kBuild scripts are.</td>
525</tr>
526<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KBUILD_BIN_PATH</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id8" name="id8">[1]</a></td>
527<td>Where the host specific kBuild binaries are.</td>
528</tr>
529<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id9" name="id9">[1]</a>,
530<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAKE</span></tt></td>
531<td>The name with which <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> was invoked. Using
532this variable in recipes has special meaning.</td>
533</tr>
534<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_BUILTIN</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id10" name="id10">[1]</a></td>
535<td>List of built-in commands.</td>
536</tr>
537<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_FEATURES</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id11" name="id11">[1]</a></td>
538<td>List of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> specific features.</td>
539</tr>
540<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_FLAGS</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id12" name="id12">[1]</a></td>
541<td><p class="first">The flags given to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>. You can set this in
542the environment or a makefile to set flags.</p>
543<p class="last">It is never appropriate to use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_FLAGS</span></tt>
544directly in a recipe line: its contents may not
545be quoted correctly for use in the shell. Always
546allow recursive <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>'s to obtain these values
547through the environment from its parent.</p>
548</td>
549</tr>
550<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_LEVEL</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id13" name="id13">[1]</a></td>
551<td>The number of levels of recursion (sub-makes).</td>
552</tr>
553<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_VERSION</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id14" name="id14">[1]</a></td>
554<td>The GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt> version number.</td>
555</tr>
556<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAKECMDGOALS</span></tt></td>
557<td>The targets given to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> on the command line.
558Do not set this.</td>
559</tr>
560<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAKEFILES</span></tt></td>
561<td>Makefiles to be read on every invocation of
562<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>.</td>
563</tr>
564<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAKEFILE_LIST</span></tt></td>
565<td>List of the makefiles that <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> has opened.</td>
566</tr>
567<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MAKESHELL</span></tt></td>
568<td>OS/2 and MS-DOS only, the name of the command
569interpreter that is to be used by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>. This
570value takes precedence over the value of SHELL.</td>
571</tr>
572<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SHELL</span></tt></td>
573<td>The name of the default command interpreter,
574kmk_ash. You can set SHELL in the makefile to
575change the shell used to run recipes. The SHELL
576variable is handled specially when importing
577from and exporting to the environment.</td>
578</tr>
579<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SUFFIXES</span></tt></td>
580<td>The default list of suffixes before <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>
581reads any makefiles (always empty).</td>
582</tr>
583<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">VPATH</span></tt></td>
584<td>Directory search path for files not found in the
585current directory.</td>
586</tr>
587</tbody>
588</table>
589<p>The following variables reflects <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> options. Do not set these. <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id15" name="id15">[1]</a></p>
590<table border="1" class="docutils">
591<colgroup>
592<col width="49%" />
593<col width="51%" />
594</colgroup>
595<thead valign="bottom">
596<tr><th class="head">Variable</th>
597<th class="head">Description</th>
598</tr>
599</thead>
600<tbody valign="top">
601<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_JOBS</span></tt></td>
602<td>-j slots, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> if not given.</td>
603</tr>
604<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_KEEP_GOING</span></tt></td>
605<td>-k indictor (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>/<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt>).</td>
606</tr>
607<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_JUST_PRINT</span></tt></td>
608<td>-n indicator (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>/<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt>).</td>
609</tr>
610<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_PRORITY</span></tt></td>
611<td>--priority level, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> if not given.</td>
612</tr>
613<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_AFFINITY</span></tt></td>
614<td>--affinity mask, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> if not given.</td>
615</tr>
616<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_STATISTICS</span></tt></td>
617<td>--statistics indicator (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>/<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt>).</td>
618</tr>
619<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_PRINT_TIME</span></tt></td>
620<td>The --print-time value.</td>
621</tr>
622<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">KMK_OPTS_PRETTY_COMMAND_PRINTING</span></tt></td>
623<td>--pretty-command-printing indicator.</td>
624</tr>
625</tbody>
626</table>
627</div>
628<div class="section">
629<h1><a id="special-targets" name="special-targets">Special Targets</a></h1>
630<p>todo</p>
631</div>
632<div class="section">
633<h1><a id="commands" name="commands">Commands</a></h1>
634<p>Builtin commands <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id16" name="id16">[1]</a> all start with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk_builtin_</span></tt>, so in order to save
635space this prefix has been omitted in the table below. All commands comes in an
636external edition that can be used by/in the shell, these are prefixed <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk_</span></tt>.</p>
637<table border="1" class="docutils">
638<colgroup>
639<col width="20%" />
640<col width="80%" />
641</colgroup>
642<thead valign="bottom">
643<tr><th class="head">Command</th>
644<th class="head">Description</th>
645</tr>
646</thead>
647<tbody valign="top">
648<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">append</span></tt></td>
649<td>Append text to a file. The builtin version can output the
650value of a variable or the commands of a target.</td>
651</tr>
652<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cat</span></tt></td>
653<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cat</span></tt> command.</td>
654</tr>
655<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">chmod</span></tt></td>
656<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">chmod</span></tt> command.</td>
657</tr>
658<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmp</span></tt></td>
659<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmp</span></tt> command.</td>
660</tr>
661<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cp</span></tt></td>
662<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cp</span></tt> command with some twaking.</td>
663</tr>
664<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">echo</span></tt></td>
665<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">echo</span></tt> command.</td>
666</tr>
667<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">expr</span></tt></td>
668<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">expr</span></tt> command.</td>
669</tr>
670<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">install</span></tt></td>
671<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">install</span></tt> command with some tweaking.</td>
672</tr>
673<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kDepIDB</span></tt></td>
674<td>Extract dependencies from a Visual C++ .IDB file.</td>
675</tr>
676<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ln</span></tt></td>
677<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ln</span></tt> command.</td>
678</tr>
679<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">md5sum</span></tt></td>
680<td>Typical MD5 sum program, custom kBuild version.</td>
681</tr>
682<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mkdir</span></tt></td>
683<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mkdir</span></tt> command.</td>
684</tr>
685<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mv</span></tt></td>
686<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mv</span></tt> command with some tweaking.</td>
687</tr>
688<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">printf</span></tt></td>
689<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">printf</span></tt> command.</td>
690</tr>
691<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rm</span></tt></td>
692<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rm</span></tt> command with some tweaking.</td>
693</tr>
694<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rmdir</span></tt></td>
695<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rmdir</span></tt> command with some tweaking.</td>
696</tr>
697<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sleep</span></tt></td>
698<td>Typical <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sleep</span></tt> program, custom kBuild version.</td>
699</tr>
700<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test</span></tt></td>
701<td>The BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">test</span></tt> program with some tweaking.</td>
702</tr>
703</tbody>
704</table>
705<p>Some additional external commands are available in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> / <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kBuild</span></tt>
706environment (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kSomething</span></tt> command are not prefixed with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk_</span></tt>):</p>
707<table border="1" class="docutils">
708<colgroup>
709<col width="20%" />
710<col width="80%" />
711</colgroup>
712<thead valign="bottom">
713<tr><th class="head">Command</th>
714<th class="head">Description</th>
715</tr>
716</thead>
717<tbody valign="top">
718<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kDepPre</span></tt></td>
719<td>Extract dependencies from the C/C++ preprocessor output.</td>
720</tr>
721<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kObjCache</span></tt></td>
722<td>Simple object file cache program.</td>
723</tr>
724<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ash</span></tt></td>
725<td>Almquist's shell (NetBSD variant).</td>
726</tr>
727<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gmake</span></tt></td>
728<td>Vanilla GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt> from same sources as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>.</td>
729</tr>
730<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">redirect</span></tt></td>
731<td>Shell avoidance tool. Sets up file descriptors, environment
732variables and current directory before kicking of program.</td>
733</tr>
734<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sed</span></tt></td>
735<td>GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sed</span></tt> with some tweaks to avoid involving the shell.</td>
736</tr>
737<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">time</span></tt></td>
738<td>Stopwatch utility for measuring program execution time(s).</td>
739</tr>
740</tbody>
741</table>
742</div>
743<div class="section">
744<h1><a id="kmk-expression" name="kmk-expression">kmk-expression</a></h1>
745<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expressions <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id17" name="id17">[1]</a> are related to the C/C++ preprocessor in some ways as
746well as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">nmake</span></tt> and BSD <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt>. There are however some peculiarities
747because of the way GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt> choose to represent booleans in its function
748library, so, strings can be turned into boolean by taking any non-empty string
749as true.</p>
750<p>Quoting using single quotes results in hard strings, while double quotes and
751unquoted string results in soft strings that can be converted to number or
752boolean to fit the situation.</p>
753<p>Here's the operator table in decending precedence order:</p>
754<table border="1" class="docutils">
755<colgroup>
756<col width="20%" />
757<col width="11%" />
758<col width="70%" />
759</colgroup>
760<thead valign="bottom">
761<tr><th class="head">Operator</th>
762<th class="head">Type</th>
763<th class="head">Description</th>
764</tr>
765</thead>
766<tbody valign="top">
767<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">defined</span></tt></td>
768<td rowspan="6">Unary</td>
769<td>Checks if the following variable exists.</td>
770</tr>
771<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">exists</span></tt></td>
772<td>Checks if the following file exists.</td>
773</tr>
774<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">target</span></tt></td>
775<td>Checks if the following target exists.</td>
776</tr>
777<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bool</span></tt></td>
778<td>Casts the following value to boolean.</td>
779</tr>
780<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">num</span></tt></td>
781<td>Casts the following value to a number.</td>
782</tr>
783<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt></td>
784<td>Casts the following value to a string.</td>
785</tr>
786<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">!</span></tt></td>
787<td rowspan="4">Unary</td>
788<td>Logical NOT.</td>
789</tr>
790<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">+</span></tt></td>
791<td>Pluss prefix.</td>
792</tr>
793<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-</span></tt></td>
794<td>Minus prefix.</td>
795</tr>
796<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">~</span></tt></td>
797<td>Bitwise one's complement.</td>
798</tr>
799<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*</span></tt></td>
800<td rowspan="3">Binary</td>
801<td>Multiplication (product).</td>
802</tr>
803<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt></td>
804<td>Division (quotient).</td>
805</tr>
806<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%</span></tt></td>
807<td>Modulus (remainder).</td>
808</tr>
809<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">+</span></tt></td>
810<td rowspan="2">Binary</td>
811<td>Addition (sum).</td>
812</tr>
813<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-</span></tt></td>
814<td>Subtraction (difference).</td>
815</tr>
816<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;&lt;</span></tt></td>
817<td rowspan="2">Binary</td>
818<td>Bitwise left shift.</td>
819</tr>
820<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&gt;&gt;</span></tt></td>
821<td>Bitwise right shift.</td>
822</tr>
823<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;=</span></tt></td>
824<td rowspan="4">Binary</td>
825<td>Less or equal than.</td>
826</tr>
827<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;</span></tt></td>
828<td>Less than.</td>
829</tr>
830<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&gt;=</span></tt></td>
831<td>Greater or equal than.</td>
832</tr>
833<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&gt;</span></tt></td>
834<td>Greater than.</td>
835</tr>
836<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">==</span></tt></td>
837<td rowspan="2">Binary</td>
838<td>Equal to.</td>
839</tr>
840<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">!=</span></tt></td>
841<td>Not equal to.</td>
842</tr>
843<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&amp;</span></tt></td>
844<td>Binary</td>
845<td>Bitwise AND.</td>
846</tr>
847<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">^</span></tt></td>
848<td>Binary</td>
849<td>Bitwise XOR.</td>
850</tr>
851<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">|</span></tt></td>
852<td>Binary</td>
853<td>Bitwise OR.</td>
854</tr>
855<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&amp;&amp;</span></tt></td>
856<td>Binary</td>
857<td>Logical AND.</td>
858</tr>
859<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">||</span></tt></td>
860<td>Binary</td>
861<td>Logical OR.</td>
862</tr>
863</tbody>
864</table>
865</div>
866<div class="section">
867<h1><a id="built-in-functions" name="built-in-functions">Built-in functions</a></h1>
868<p>String Manipulation Functions:</p>
869<blockquote>
870<p>Replace <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">from</span></tt> with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">to</span></tt> in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
871<pre class="literal-block">
872$(subst from,to,text)
873</pre>
874<p>Replace words matching <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pattern</span></tt> with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">replacement</span></tt> in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
875<pre class="literal-block">
876$(patsubst pattern,replacement,text)
877</pre>
878<p>Remove excess whitespace characters from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">string</span></tt>:</p>
879<pre class="literal-block">
880$(strip string)
881</pre>
882<p>Locate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">find</span></tt> in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>, returning <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">find</span></tt> if found:</p>
883<pre class="literal-block">
884$(findstring find,text)
885</pre>
886<p>Select words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> that match one of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pattern</span></tt> words:</p>
887<pre class="literal-block">
888$(filter pattern...,text)
889</pre>
890<p>Select words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> that do not match any of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pattern</span></tt> words:</p>
891<pre class="literal-block">
892$(filter-out pattern...,text)
893</pre>
894<p>Sort the words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">list</span></tt> lexicographically, removing duplicates:</p>
895<pre class="literal-block">
896$(sort list)
897</pre>
898<p>Sort the words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">list</span></tt> lexicographically in reserve order, removing
899duplicates <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id18" name="id18">[1]</a>:</p>
900<pre class="literal-block">
901$(rsort list)
902</pre>
903<p>Count the number of words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
904<pre class="literal-block">
905$(words text)
906</pre>
907<p>Extract the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">n</span></tt>th word (one-origin) of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
908<pre class="literal-block">
909$(word n,text)
910</pre>
911<p>Returns the list of words in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">s</span></tt> to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">e</span></tt> (one-origin):</p>
912<pre class="literal-block">
913$(wordlist s,e,text)
914</pre>
915<p>Extract the first word of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>:</p>
916<pre class="literal-block">
917$(firstword names...)
918</pre>
919<p>Extract the last word of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>:</p>
920<pre class="literal-block">
921$(lastword names...)
922</pre>
923<p>Join two parallel lists of words:</p>
924<pre class="literal-block">
925$(join list1,list2)
926</pre>
927<p>Fold <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> to upper case <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id19" name="id19">[1]</a>:</p>
928<pre class="literal-block">
929$(toupper text)
930</pre>
931<p>Fold <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> to lower case <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id20" name="id20">[1]</a>:</p>
932<pre class="literal-block">
933$(tolower text)
934</pre>
935<p>String formatting a la the unix <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">printf</span></tt> command <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id21" name="id21">[1]</a>:</p>
936<pre class="literal-block">
937$(printf fmt, arg...)
938</pre>
939<p>Return the length of a string or a (unexpanded) variable <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id22" name="id22">[1]</a>:</p>
940<pre class="literal-block">
941$(length string)
942$(length-var var)
943</pre>
944<p>Find the position of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">needle</span></tt> in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">haystack</span></tt>, returns 0 if not found.
945Negative <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">start</span></tt> indices are relative to the end of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">haystack</span></tt>, while
946positive ones are one based <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id23" name="id23">[1]</a>:</p>
947<pre class="literal-block">
948$(pos needle, haystack[, start])
949$(lastpos needle, haystack[, start])
950</pre>
951<p>Returns the specified substring. The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">start</span></tt> works like with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(pos</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt>.
952If the substring is partially outside the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">string</span></tt> the result will be
953padded with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pad</span></tt> if present <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id24" name="id24">[1]</a>:</p>
954<pre class="literal-block">
955$(substr string, start[, length[, pad]])
956</pre>
957<p>Insert <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">in</span></tt> into <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt> at the specified position. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">n</span></tt> works like with
958<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(pos</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt>, except that <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> is the end of the string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id25" name="id25">[1]</a>:</p>
959<pre class="literal-block">
960$(insert in, str[, n[, length[, pad]]])
961</pre>
962<p>Translate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">string</span></tt> exchanging characters in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">from-set</span></tt> with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">to-set</span></tt>,
963optionally completing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">to-set</span></tt> with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pad-char</span></tt> if specified. If no
964<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pad-char</span></tt> characters absent in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">to-set</span></tt> will be deleted <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id26" name="id26">[1]</a>:</p>
965<pre class="literal-block">
966$(translate string, from-set[, to-set[, pad-char]])
967</pre>
968</blockquote>
969<p>Functions for file names:</p>
970<blockquote>
971<p>Extract the directory part of each file <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></tt>:</p>
972<pre class="literal-block">
973$(dir names...)
974</pre>
975<p>Extract the non-directory part of each file <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></tt>:</p>
976<pre class="literal-block">
977$(notdir names...)
978</pre>
979<p>Extract the suffix (the last <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.</span></tt> and following characters) of each file
980<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></tt>:</p>
981<pre class="literal-block">
982$(suffix names...)
983</pre>
984<p>Extract the base name (name without suffix) of each file name:</p>
985<pre class="literal-block">
986$(basename names...)
987</pre>
988<p>Append <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">suffix</span></tt> to each word in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>:</p>
989<pre class="literal-block">
990$(addsuffix suffix,names...)
991</pre>
992<p>Prepend <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prefix</span></tt> to each word in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>:</p>
993<pre class="literal-block">
994$(addprefix prefix,names...)
995</pre>
996<p>Find file names matching a shell file name <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pattern</span></tt> (not a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%</span></tt>
997pattern):</p>
998<pre class="literal-block">
999$(wildcard pattern...)
1000</pre>
1001<p>For each file name in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>, expand to an absolute name that does not
1002contain any <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">..</span></tt>, nor symlinks:</p>
1003<pre class="literal-block">
1004$(realpath names...)
1005</pre>
1006<p>For each file name in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">names</span></tt>, expand to an absolute name that does not
1007contain any <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">..</span></tt> components, but preserves symlinks:</p>
1008<pre class="literal-block">
1009$(abspath names...)
1010</pre>
1011<p>Same as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(abspath</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> except that the current directory can be
1012specified as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">curdir</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id27" name="id27">[1]</a>:</p>
1013<pre class="literal-block">
1014$(abspathex names...[, curdir])
1015</pre>
1016</blockquote>
1017<p>Arithmetic Functions:</p>
1018<blockquote>
1019<p>Returns the sum of the arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id28" name="id28">[1]</a>:</p>
1020<pre class="literal-block">
1021$(int-add addend1, addend2[, addendN])
1022</pre>
1023<p>Returns the difference between the first argument and the sum of the
1024rest <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id29" name="id29">[1]</a>:</p>
1025<pre class="literal-block">
1026$(int-sub minuend, subtrahend[, subtrahendN])
1027</pre>
1028<p>Returns the product of the arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id30" name="id30">[1]</a>:</p>
1029<pre class="literal-block">
1030$(int-mul factor1, factor2[, factorN])
1031</pre>
1032<p>Returns the quotient of first argument and the rest <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id31" name="id31">[1]</a>:</p>
1033<pre class="literal-block">
1034$(int-div dividend, divisor[, divisorN])
1035</pre>
1036<p>Returns the modulus of the two arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id32" name="id32">[1]</a>:</p>
1037<pre class="literal-block">
1038$(int-mod dividend, divisor)
1039</pre>
1040<p>Returns the bitwise two-complement of argument <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id33" name="id33">[1]</a>:</p>
1041<pre class="literal-block">
1042$(int-not val)
1043</pre>
1044<p>Returns the result of a bitwise AND of the arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id34" name="id34">[1]</a>:</p>
1045<pre class="literal-block">
1046$(int-and val1, val2[, valN])
1047</pre>
1048<p>Returns the result of a bitwise OR of the arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id35" name="id35">[1]</a>:</p>
1049<pre class="literal-block">
1050$(int-or val1, val2[, valN])
1051</pre>
1052<p>Returns the result of a bitwise XOR of the arguments <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id36" name="id36">[1]</a>:</p>
1053<pre class="literal-block">
1054$(int-xor val1, val2[, valN])
1055</pre>
1056<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean (true = non-empty, false = empty) result
1057of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id37" name="id37">[1]</a>:</p>
1058<pre class="literal-block">
1059$(int-eq val1, val2)
1060</pre>
1061<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean result of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">!=</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id38" name="id38">[1]</a>:</p>
1062<pre class="literal-block">
1063$(int-ne val1, val2)
1064</pre>
1065<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean result of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">&gt;</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id39" name="id39">[1]</a>:</p>
1066<pre class="literal-block">
1067$(int-gt val1, val2)
1068</pre>
1069<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean result of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">&gt;=</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id40" name="id40">[1]</a>:</p>
1070<pre class="literal-block">
1071$(int-ge val1, val2)
1072</pre>
1073<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean result of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">&lt;</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id41" name="id41">[1]</a>:</p>
1074<pre class="literal-block">
1075$(int-lt val1, val2)
1076</pre>
1077<p>Returns the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean result of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">val1</span> <span class="pre">&lt;=</span> <span class="pre">val2</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id42" name="id42">[1]</a>:</p>
1078<pre class="literal-block">
1079$(int-le val1, val2)
1080</pre>
1081</blockquote>
1082<p>Boolean and Conditional Functions:</p>
1083<blockquote>
1084<p>Condition is false if the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">condition</span></tt> evaluates to an empty string
1085(stripped). Evaluate the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">true-part</span></tt> if the condition is true, otherwise
1086the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">false-part</span></tt>:</p>
1087<pre class="literal-block">
1088$(if condition,true-part[,false-part])
1089</pre>
1090<p>Test if any of the conditions evalues to non-empty string, returning the
1091first one:</p>
1092<pre class="literal-block">
1093$(or condition1[,condition2[,condition3[...]]])
1094</pre>
1095<p>Test if all of the conditions evaluates to non-empty strings, returning the
1096last one:</p>
1097<pre class="literal-block">
1098$(and condition1[,condition2[,condition3[...]]])
1099</pre>
1100<p>Test if the two strings are identical, returning <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean (true =
1101non-empty, false = empty) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id81" id="id43" name="id43">[2]</a>:</p>
1102<pre class="literal-block">
1103$(eq str1, str2)
1104</pre>
1105<p>Invert a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean value <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id81" id="id44" name="id44">[2]</a>:</p>
1106<pre class="literal-block">
1107$(not val)
1108</pre>
1109<p>Test if <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">variable</span></tt> is defined, returning a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean value <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id45" name="id45">[1]</a>:</p>
1110<pre class="literal-block">
1111$(defined variable)
1112</pre>
1113<p>Test if <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set-a</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set-b</span></tt> intersects, returning a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> boolean
1114value <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id46" name="id46">[1]</a>:</p>
1115<pre class="literal-block">
1116$(intersects set-a, set-b)
1117</pre>
1118<p>Same as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(if</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> execpt that the condition is a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expression <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id47" name="id47">[1]</a>:</p>
1119<pre class="literal-block">
1120$(if-expr kmk-expression,true-part[,false-part])
1121</pre>
1122<p>Select the first true condition (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expression) and expand the
1123following body. Special condition strings <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">default</span></tt> and
1124<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">otherwise</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id48" name="id48">[1]</a>:</p>
1125<pre class="literal-block">
1126$(select when1-cond, when1-body[, whenN-cond, whenN-body])
1127</pre>
1128<p>Evalutate the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk-expression</span></tt> returning what it evalues as. This is
1129the preferred way of doing arithmentic now <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id49" name="id49">[1]</a>:</p>
1130<pre class="literal-block">
1131$(expr kmk-expression)
1132</pre>
1133</blockquote>
1134<p>Stack Fuctions:</p>
1135<blockquote>
1136<p>Push <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">item</span></tt> onto the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stack-var</span></tt>, returning the empty string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id50" name="id50">[1]</a>:</p>
1137<pre class="literal-block">
1138$(stack-push stack-var, item)
1139</pre>
1140<p>Pop the top item off the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stack-var</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id51" name="id51">[1]</a>:</p>
1141<pre class="literal-block">
1142$(stack-pop stack-var)
1143</pre>
1144<p>Pop the top item off the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stack-var</span></tt>, returning the empty string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id52" name="id52">[1]</a>:</p>
1145<pre class="literal-block">
1146$(stack-popv stack-var)
1147</pre>
1148<p>Get the top item of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stack-var</span></tt>, returning the empty string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id53" name="id53">[1]</a>:</p>
1149<pre class="literal-block">
1150$(stack-top stack-var)
1151</pre>
1152</blockquote>
1153<p>Advanced Functions:</p>
1154<blockquote>
1155<p>Evaluates to the contents of the variable <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">var</span></tt>, with no expansion
1156performed on it:</p>
1157<pre class="literal-block">
1158$(value var)
1159</pre>
1160<p>Evaluate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">body</span></tt> with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">var</span></tt> bound to each word in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">words</span></tt>, and
1161concatenate the results (spaced):</p>
1162<pre class="literal-block">
1163$(foreach var,words,body)
1164</pre>
1165<p>C-style for-loop. Start by evaluating <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">init</span></tt>. Each iteration will
1166first check whether the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">condition</span></tt> (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expression) is true,
1167then expand <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">body</span></tt> concatenating the result to the previous iterations
1168(spaced), and finally evaluate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">next</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id54" name="id54">[1]</a>:</p>
1169<pre class="literal-block">
1170$(for init,conditions,next,body)
1171</pre>
1172<p>C-style while-loop. Each iteration will check whether the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">condition</span></tt>
1173(<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt>-expression) is true, then expand <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">body</span></tt> concatenating the
1174result to the previous iterations <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id55" name="id55">[1]</a>:</p>
1175<pre class="literal-block">
1176$(while conditions,body)
1177</pre>
1178<p>Evaluate the variable <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">var</span></tt> replacing any references to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(1)</span></tt>,
1179<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(2)</span></tt> with the first, second, etc. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">param</span></tt> values:</p>
1180<pre class="literal-block">
1181$(call var,param,...)
1182</pre>
1183<p>Evaluate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> then read the results as makefile commands. Expands
1184to the empty string:</p>
1185<pre class="literal-block">
1186$(eval text)
1187</pre>
1188<p>Same as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(eval</span> <span class="pre">text)</span></tt> except that the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt> is expanded in its
1189own variable context <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id56" name="id56">[1]</a>:</p>
1190<pre class="literal-block">
1191$(evalctx text)
1192</pre>
1193<p>Same as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(eval</span> <span class="pre">$(value</span> <span class="pre">var))</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id57" name="id57">[1]</a>:</p>
1194<pre class="literal-block">
1195$(evalval var)
1196</pre>
1197<p>Same as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(evalctx</span> <span class="pre">$(value</span> <span class="pre">var))</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id58" name="id58">[1]</a>:</p>
1198<pre class="literal-block">
1199$(evalvalctx var)
1200</pre>
1201<p>A combination of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(eval</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(call</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(value</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id59" name="id59">[1]</a>:</p>
1202<pre class="literal-block">
1203$(evalcall var)
1204</pre>
1205<p>A combination of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(eval</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(call</span> <span class="pre">)</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id60" name="id60">[1]</a>:</p>
1206<pre class="literal-block">
1207$(evalcall var)
1208</pre>
1209<p>Remove comments and blank lines from the variable <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">var</span></tt>. Expands to
1210the empty string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id61" name="id61">[1]</a>:</p>
1211<pre class="literal-block">
1212$(eval-opt-var var)
1213</pre>
1214<p>Returns accessing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$&lt;</span></tt> of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">target</span></tt>, either retriving the whole thing
1215or the file at <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pos</span></tt> (one-origin) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id62" name="id62">[1]</a>:</p>
1216<pre class="literal-block">
1217$(deps target[, pos])
1218</pre>
1219<p>Returns accessing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$+</span></tt> (order + duplicates) of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">target</span></tt>, either
1220retriving the whole thing or the file at <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pos</span></tt> (one-origin) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id63" name="id63">[1]</a>:</p>
1221<pre class="literal-block">
1222$(deps-all target[, pos])
1223</pre>
1224<p>Returns accessing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$?</span></tt> of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">target</span></tt>, either retriving the whole
1225thing or the file at <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pos</span></tt> (one-origin) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id64" name="id64">[1]</a>:</p>
1226<pre class="literal-block">
1227$(deps-newer target[, pos])
1228</pre>
1229<p>Returns accessing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$|</span></tt> (order only) of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">target</span></tt>, either retriving the
1230whole thing or the file at <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pos</span></tt> (one-origin) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id65" name="id65">[1]</a>:</p>
1231<pre class="literal-block">
1232$(deps-oo target[, pos])
1233</pre>
1234</blockquote>
1235<p>Command Functions:</p>
1236<blockquote>
1237<p>Create one or more command lines avoiding the max argument
1238length restriction of the host OS <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id66" name="id66">[1]</a>:</p>
1239<pre class="literal-block">
1240$(xargs ar cas mylib.a,$(objects))
1241$(xargs ar cas mylib.a,ar as mylib.a,$(objects))
1242</pre>
1243<p>Returns the commands for the specified target separated by new-line, space,
1244or a user defined string. Note that this might not produce the 100% correct
1245result if any of the prerequisite automatic variables are used <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id67" name="id67">[1]</a>:</p>
1246<pre class="literal-block">
1247$(commands target)
1248$(commands-sc target)
1249$(commands-usr target,sep)
1250</pre>
1251<p>Compares two commands returning the empty string if equal and the 3rd
1252argument if not. This differs from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$(comp-vars</span> <span class="pre">v1,v2,ne)</span></tt> in that
1253line by line is stripped of leading spaces, command prefixes and
1254trailing spaces before comparing <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id68" name="id68">[1]</a>:</p>
1255<pre class="literal-block">
1256$(comp-cmds cmds-var1, cmds-var2, ne)
1257$(comp-cmds-ex cmds1, cmd2, ne)
1258</pre>
1259<p>Compares the values of the two variables returning the empty string if
1260equal and the 3rd argument if not. Leading and trailing spaces is
1261ignored <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id69" name="id69">[1]</a>:</p>
1262<pre class="literal-block">
1263$(comp-var var1, var2, ne)
1264</pre>
1265</blockquote>
1266<p>Utility functions:</p>
1267<blockquote>
1268<p>When this function is evaluated, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> generates a fatal error with the
1269message <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
1270<pre class="literal-block">
1271$(error text...)
1272</pre>
1273<p>When this function is evaluated, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> generates a warning with the
1274message <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
1275<pre class="literal-block">
1276$(warning text...)
1277</pre>
1278<p>When this function is evaluated, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> generates a info with the
1279message <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></tt>:</p>
1280<pre class="literal-block">
1281$(info text...)
1282</pre>
1283<p>Execute a shell <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">command</span></tt> and return its output:</p>
1284<pre class="literal-block">
1285$(shell command)
1286</pre>
1287<p>Return a string describing how the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> variable <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">variable</span></tt> was defined:</p>
1288<pre class="literal-block">
1289$(origin variable)
1290</pre>
1291<p>Return a string describing the flavor of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> variable <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">variable</span></tt>:</p>
1292<pre class="literal-block">
1293$(flavor variable)
1294</pre>
1295<p>Returns the current local time and date formatted in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">strftime</span></tt>
1296style specifier <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt>. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt> defaults to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S</span></tt> when
1297not specified <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id70" name="id70">[1]</a>:</p>
1298<pre class="literal-block">
1299$(date fmt)
1300</pre>
1301<p>Returns the current UTC time and date formatted in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">strftime</span></tt>
1302style specifier <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt>. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt> defaults to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ</span></tt> when
1303not specified <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id71" name="id71">[1]</a>:</p>
1304<pre class="literal-block">
1305$(date-utc fmt)
1306</pre>
1307<p>Reformats the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">in</span></tt> time and date using <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt>. The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">in-fmt</span></tt> defaults
1308to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt> if not specified. While <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fmt</span></tt> defaults to
1309<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ</span></tt> if not specified <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id72" name="id72">[1]</a>:</p>
1310<pre class="literal-block">
1311$(date-utc fmt,time,in-fmt)
1312</pre>
1313<p>Returns the current nanosecond timestamp (monotonic when possible) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id73" name="id73">[1]</a>:</p>
1314<pre class="literal-block">
1315$(nanots )
1316</pre>
1317<p>Returns the size of the specified file, or -1 if the size could not
1318be obtained. This can be used to check if a file exist or not <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id74" name="id74">[1]</a>:</p>
1319<pre class="literal-block">
1320$(file-size file)
1321</pre>
1322<p>Searches the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PATH</span></tt> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> variable for the specified <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">files</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id75" name="id75">[1]</a>:</p>
1323<pre class="literal-block">
1324$(which files...)
1325</pre>
1326<p>OS/2: Returns the specified LIBPATH variable value <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id76" name="id76">[1]</a>:</p>
1327<pre class="literal-block">
1328$(libpath var)
1329</pre>
1330<p>OS/2: Sets the specified LIBPATH variable value, returning the empty
1331string <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id77" name="id77">[1]</a>:</p>
1332<pre class="literal-block">
1333$(libpath var,value)
1334</pre>
1335</blockquote>
1336<p>Debugging Functions:</p>
1337<blockquote>
1338<p>Returns various make statistics, if no item is specified a default
1339selection is returned <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id78" name="id78">[1]</a>:</p>
1340<pre class="literal-block">
1341$(make-stats item[,itemN])
1342</pre>
1343<p>Raise a debug breakpoint. Used for debugging <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> makefile
1344parsing <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id80" id="id79" name="id79">[1]</a>:</p>
1345<pre class="literal-block">
1346$(breakpoint )
1347</pre>
1348</blockquote>
1349<hr class="docutils" />
1350<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id80" rules="none">
1351<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
1352<tbody valign="top">
1353<tr><td class="label"><a name="id80">[1]</a></td><td><em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id2">2</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id3">3</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id4">4</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id5">5</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id6">6</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id7">7</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id8">8</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id9">9</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id10">10</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id11">11</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id12">12</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id13">13</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id14">14</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id15">15</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id16">16</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id17">17</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id18">18</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id19">19</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id20">20</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id21">21</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id22">22</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id23">23</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id24">24</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id25">25</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id26">26</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id27">27</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id28">28</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id29">29</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id30">30</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id31">31</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id32">32</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id33">33</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id34">34</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id35">35</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id36">36</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id37">37</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id38">38</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id39">39</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id40">40</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id41">41</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id42">42</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id45">43</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id46">44</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id47">45</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id48">46</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id49">47</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id50">48</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id51">49</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id52">50</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id53">51</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id54">52</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id55">53</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id56">54</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id57">55</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id58">56</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id59">57</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id60">58</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id61">59</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id62">60</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id63">61</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id64">62</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id65">63</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id66">64</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id67">65</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id68">66</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id69">67</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id70">68</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id71">69</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id72">70</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id73">71</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id74">72</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id75">73</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id76">74</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id77">75</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id78">76</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id79">77</a>)</em> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kmk</span></tt> only feature.</td></tr>
1354</tbody>
1355</table>
1356<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id81" rules="none">
1357<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
1358<tbody valign="top">
1359<tr><td class="label"><a name="id81">[2]</a></td><td><em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id43">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id44">2</a>)</em> Experimental GNU <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span></tt> feature that is not enabled by default.</td></tr>
1360</tbody>
1361</table>
1362<hr class="docutils" />
1363<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
1364<col class="field-name" />
1365<col class="field-body" />
1366<tbody valign="top">
1367<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Status:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">$Id: QuickReference-kmk.html 2170 2008-12-30 20:39:35Z bird $</p>
1368</td>
1369</tr>
1370<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Copyright:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995,
13711996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
13722007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
1373<p class="last">Copyright (C) 2008 Knut St. Osmundsen</p>
1374</td>
1375</tr>
1376</tbody>
1377</table>
1378</div>
1379</div>
1380</body>
1381</html>
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