| 1 | ====================================================================
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| 2 | eComStation AHCI Driver
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| 3 | ====================================================================
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| 4 |
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| 5 |
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| 6 | Introduction
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| 7 | ============
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| 8 |
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| 9 | OS2AHCI is an AHCI driver for eComStation. It supports both ATA and
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| 10 | ATAPI devices in a single driver, thus there's no need for an
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| 11 | ATAPI/CDROM filter driver.
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| 12 |
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| 13 |
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| 14 | Copyrights
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| 15 | ==========
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| 16 |
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| 17 | Copyright (c) 2011 thi.guten Software Development
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| 18 | Copyright (c) 2011 Mensys B.V.
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| 19 |
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| 20 | Authors: Christian Mueller, Markus Thielen
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| 21 |
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| 22 | Parts copied from/inspired by the Linux AHCI driver;
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| 23 | those parts are (c) Linux AHCI/ATA maintainers
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| 24 |
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| 25 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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| 26 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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| 27 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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| 28 | (at your option) any later version.
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| 29 |
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| 30 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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| 31 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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| 32 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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| 33 | GNU General Public License for more details.
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| 34 |
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| 35 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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| 36 | along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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| 37 | Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
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| 38 | MA 02111-1307 USA
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| 39 |
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| 40 |
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| 41 | Licensing and Source Code
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| 42 | =========================
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| 43 |
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| 44 | The *binary* delivery of OS2AHCI.ADD as obtained from ecomstation.nl,
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| 45 | or as part of packaged eComStation releases, is licensed to run with
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| 46 | eComStation, only.
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| 47 |
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| 48 | The source code can be retrieved from http://svn.ecomstation.nl;
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| 49 | in compliance to the GNU General Public License, the source code
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| 50 | can of course be modified/compiled to run on other products as long
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| 51 | as modifications will also be published as outlined in the GNU GPL2.
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| 52 |
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| 53 | The toolchain required for compilation consists of:
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| 54 |
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| 55 | - Microsoft C600
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| 56 | - Microsoft Assembler (MASM)
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| 57 | - IBM OS/2 DDK for Warp 3 or later
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| 58 |
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| 59 |
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| 60 | Installation
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| 61 | ============
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| 62 |
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| 63 | - Copy the driver file, OS2AHCI.ADD, to C:\OS2\BOOT
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| 64 |
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| 65 | - Add the following line to CONFIG.SYS:
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| 66 | BASEDEV=OS2AHCI.ADD
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| 67 |
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| 68 |
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| 69 | Driver Command Line Options
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| 70 | ===========================
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| 71 |
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| 72 | Global Options
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| 73 |
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| 74 | Option Description
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| 75 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 76 | /c:<addr> Set debug COM port base address in hex (default = 3f8);
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| 77 | if used, this option should come before any /d options.
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| 78 | /d Debug output on COM port; multiple "/d" options will
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| 79 | increase verbosity:
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| 80 | 1 = requests
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| 81 | 2 = detailed
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| 82 | 3 = verbose, including MMIO operations
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| 83 | /g:<vendor>:<device> Add generic PCI ID to list of supported AHCI adapters
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| 84 | (e.g. /g:8086:2829)
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| 85 | /t Perform thorough PCI ID scan; default = on, can be
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| 86 | turned off with /!t to perform only a PCI class scan
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| 87 | /r Reset ports during initialization (default = off
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| 88 | unless the [Intel] AHCI was found to be initialized
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| 89 | by the BIOS to SATA mode)
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| 90 | /a Set adapter for adapter-specific options
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| 91 | (default = -1, all adapters)
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| 92 | /p Set port for port-specific options
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| 93 | (default = -1, all ports)
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| 94 |
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| 95 | Adapter-specific Options
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| 96 |
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| 97 | Option Description
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| 98 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 99 | /i Ignore current adapter
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| 100 |
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| 101 | Port-specific Options
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| 102 |
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| 103 | Option Description
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| 104 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 105 | /s Enable SCSI emulation for ATAPI units (default = off)
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| 106 | SCSI emulation is required for tools like cdrecord.
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| 107 | /n Enable NCQ (Native Command Queuing) for hard disks
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| 108 | (default = off)
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| 109 | /ls Set link speed (default = 0):
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| 110 | 0 = maximum,
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| 111 | 1 = limit to generation 1
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| 112 | 2 = limit to generation 2
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| 113 | 3 = limit to generation 3
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| 114 | /lp Set link power management (default = 0):
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| 115 | 0 = full power management,
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| 116 | 1 = transitions to "partial slumber state" disabled,
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| 117 | 2 = transitions to "slumber state" disabled,
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| 118 | 3 = transitions to both partial and slumber states
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| 119 | disabled
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| 120 | /4 Force track size to be 56 sectors regardless of the
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| 121 | reported disk geometry to optimize partition boundaries
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| 122 | for hard disks with 4096 byte sectors.
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| 123 |
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| 124 | Port-specific options depend on the currently active adapter
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| 125 | and port selector (/a and /p). Those selectors are -1 per default
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| 126 | which means "all" adapters/ports. The scope can be reduced by limiting
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| 127 | it to an adapter (/a) or an adapter and a port (/a and /p). The scope
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| 128 | can be reset by setting the corresponding option back to -1.
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| 129 |
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| 130 | For example:
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| 131 |
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| 132 | BASEDEV=OS2AHCI.ADD /n /a:0 /p:5 /!n /a:1 /p:-1 /!n
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| 133 |
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| 134 | This has the following effect:
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| 135 |
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| 136 | - Enable NCQ for all hard disks
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| 137 | - Disable NCQ for hard disk on adapter #0, port #5
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| 138 | - Disable NCQ for all hard disks on adapter #1
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| 139 |
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| 140 |
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| 141 | Native Command Queuing
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| 142 | ======================
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| 143 |
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| 144 | Native Command Queuing (NCQ) is a feature which allows sending multiple I/O
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| 145 | requests to hard disks before waiting for any of the requests to complete,
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| 146 | much like Tagged Command Queuing for SCSI devices. This allows the disks
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| 147 | to reorder I/O requests to minimize head movements, resulting in improved
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| 148 | performance when executing random I/Os. In practice, this will be most
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| 149 | noticable when multiple programs request I/O services to different parts
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| 150 | of the disk -- a single program typically won't queue up I/O's but instead
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| 151 | will wait for each I/O to complete (with the exception of programs like
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| 152 | database servers).
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| 153 |
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| 154 | While we believe NCQ will work with the majority of controllers and hard
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| 155 | disks, it's currently turned off by default until we have more feedback
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| 156 | from eComStation users. In order to turn on NCQ, just add the command line
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| 157 | option "/n" to OS2AHCI.ADD.
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| 158 |
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| 159 |
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| 160 | Interoperability With IDE Drivers
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| 161 | =================================
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| 162 |
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| 163 | There are three kinds of IDE/ATA/SATA controllers:
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| 164 |
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| 165 | 1. Legacy controller (IDE or SATA) without AHCI support
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| 166 | This kind of controller will only be recognized by IDE drivers
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| 167 | (IBM1S506.ADD or DANIS506.ADD).
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| 168 |
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| 169 | 2. AHCI-capable controller which supports IDE/SATA legacy interfaces
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| 170 | This kind of controller will work with IDE or AHCI drivers and it's
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| 171 | up to the user to decide which driver to use.
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| 172 |
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| 173 | 3. AHCI-only controller
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| 174 | This kind of controller will only be recognized by OS2AHCI.
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| 175 |
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| 176 | If there's a mix of controllers of types 1 and 3, both an IDE and an AHCI
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| 177 | driver will be required.
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| 178 |
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| 179 | If type 2 controllers are involved, it's up to the user to decide which
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| 180 | driver to use. Both DANIS506.ADD and OS2AHCI.ADD will verify whether another
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| 181 | driver has already allocated the corresponding adapter, thus the only
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| 182 | decision to take for mixed configurations is whether type-2 controllers
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| 183 | should be handled by DANIS506.ADD or OS2AHCI.ADD and this can be done by
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| 184 | having the desired driver's BASEDEV statement coming first in CONFIG.SYS.
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| 185 |
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| 186 | NOTE: Older versions of DANIS506.ADD did not verify whether the resources
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| 187 | of a particular adapter were already allocated by another driver.
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| 188 | DANIS506.ADD 1.8.8 or later is required for this to work.
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| 189 |
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| 190 | When using earlier versions of DANI1S506.ADD, the options "/A:x /I"
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| 191 | will be required to tell DANI1S506.ADD to ignore adapters to be
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| 192 | driven by OS2AHCI.ADD. The same applies to IBM1S506.ADD
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| 193 |
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| 194 | Mixed Controller Example
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| 195 | ------------------------
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| 196 |
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| 197 | Assume a DELL D630 or a Thinkpad T60. The hard disk is attached to the
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| 198 | SATA/AHCI controller of the ICH-7 hub while the CDROM is attached to the
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| 199 | legacy PATA IDE controller. This allows two different configurations:
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| 200 |
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| 201 | 1. Drive HDD and CDROM via DANIS506.ADD
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| 202 | 2. Drive HDD via OS2AHCI.ADD and CDROM via DANI1S506.ADD
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| 203 |
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| 204 | OS2AHCI.ADD can't drive the CDROM because it's attached to a legacy PATA
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| 205 | IDE controller which doesn't support AHCI.
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| 206 |
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| 207 | - If OS2AHCI.ADD comes first in CONFIG.SYS, it will take over the SATA/AHCI
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| 208 | controller and drive the HDD. DANIS506.ADD will take care of the PATA/IDE
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| 209 | controller for the CDROM.
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| 210 | - If DANIS506.ADD comes first in CONFIG.SYS, it will take over both the
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| 211 | SATA/AHCI controller and OS2AHCI.ADD will silently exit.
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| 212 |
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| 213 | Advantages of AHCI
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| 214 | ------------------
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| 215 |
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| 216 | The interfaces provided by the various [Intel] controllers could be
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| 217 | summarized like this (the term ATA as driver interface being a bit of our
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| 218 | own invention):
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| 219 |
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| 220 | - Intel PIIX: IDE (I/O registers) and ATA (taskfile)
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| 221 | - Intel ICH6: IDE (I/O registers), ATA (taskfile) and SATA
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| 222 | (FIS, vendor-specific)
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| 223 | - Intel ICH7: IDE (I/O registers), ATA (taskfile), SATA
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| 224 | (FIS, vendor-specific) and AHCI (FIS)
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| 225 | - Intel PCH: AHCI (FIS)
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| 226 |
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| 227 | Taskfiles are regions in memory with ATA commands which the IDE/ATA
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| 228 | controller can read and process autonomously. FIS (Frame Information
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| 229 | Structures) are pretty much the same but they are specific to the SATA
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| 230 | communication protocol on the serial link. The most important FIS type
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| 231 | for AHCI drivers is the H2D (host to device) FIS which basically contains
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| 232 | the ATA command to be executed.
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| 233 |
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| 234 | The big advantage of AHCI controllers, apart from being vendor-neutral,
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| 235 | is that they take care of a lot of things which previous-generation
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| 236 | drivers like DANI1S506 would have to do step by step. For example, in
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| 237 | order to send an ATAPI command, DANIS506 would have to do the following:
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| 238 |
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| 239 | * Send ATA "PACKET" command to device (via IDE registers, ATA taskfiles
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| 240 | or SATA FIS)
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| 241 | * Wait until device signals via interrupt it's ready for the ATAPI command
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| 242 | * Send ATAPI command to device via PIO
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| 243 | * Wait until device signals via interrupt it's ready to transfer data
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| 244 | * Send/Receive any data that might come along with the ATAPI command via
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| 245 | PIO, or wait for DMA transfer to complete
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| 246 | * Wait until device signals via interrupt that command and data transfer
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| 247 | have completed
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| 248 |
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| 249 | For OS2AHCI, the same operation looks like this:
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| 250 |
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| 251 | * Fill in AHCI command header, FIS with ATA "PACKET" command and the ATAPI
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| 252 | command
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| 253 | * Tell port engine to process the command
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| 254 | * Wait until controller signals via interrupt that command and data
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| 255 | transfer have completed
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| 256 |
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| 257 | The AHCI controller automatically takes care of all underlying bits and
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| 258 | pieces. OS2AHCI doesn't even have to know whether a particular message is
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| 259 | sent via PIO or DMA because this is handled by the AHCI controller, too.
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| 260 | And the whole concept of PIO and DMA is only relevant between AHCI controller
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| 261 | and the device -- all transfers between OS2AHCI and the AHCI controller are
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| 262 | always done via DMA.
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| 263 |
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