| 1 | ====================================================================
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| 2 | eComStation AHCI Driver
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| 3 | ====================================================================
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| 4 |
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| 5 |
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| 6 | Introduction
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| 7 | ============
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| 8 |
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| 9 | OS2AHCI is an AHCI driver for eComStation. It supports both ATA and
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| 10 | ATAPI devices in a single driver, thus there's no need for an
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| 11 | ATAPI/CDROM filter driver.
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| 12 |
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| 13 |
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| 14 | Copyrights
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| 15 | ==========
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| 16 |
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| 17 | Copyright (c) 2011 thi.guten Software Development
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| 18 | Copyright (c) 2011 Mensys B.V.
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| 19 |
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| 20 | Authors: Christian Mueller, Markus Thielen
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| 21 |
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| 22 | Parts copied from/inspired by the Linux AHCI driver;
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| 23 | those parts are (c) Linux AHCI/ATA maintainers
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| 24 |
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| 25 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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| 26 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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| 27 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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| 28 | (at your option) any later version.
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| 29 |
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| 30 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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| 31 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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| 32 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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| 33 | GNU General Public License for more details.
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| 34 |
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| 35 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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| 36 | along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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| 37 | Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
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| 38 | MA 02111-1307 USA
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| 39 |
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| 40 |
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| 41 | Licensing and Source Code
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| 42 | =========================
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| 43 |
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| 44 | The *binary* delivery of OS2AHCI.ADD as obtained from ecomstation.nl,
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| 45 | or as part of packaged eComStation releases, is licensed to run with
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| 46 | eComStation, only.
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| 47 |
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| 48 | The source code can be retrieved from http://svn.ecomstation.nl;
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| 49 | in compliance to the GNU General Public License, the source code
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| 50 | can of course be modified/compiled to run on other products as long
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| 51 | as modifications will also be published as outlined in the GNU GPL2.
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| 52 |
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| 53 | The toolchain required for compilation consists of:
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| 54 |
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| 55 | - IBM OS/2 DDK version 9.23 or later (see ddk\base\h\version.mak)
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| 56 | - Microsoft C600
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| 57 | - ALP Assembler (part of DDK)
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| 58 | - link.exe (part of DDK)
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| 59 |
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| 60 | Please note that builds other than the official binary delivered as
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| 61 | part of eComStation releases or downloaded from ecomstation.nl are
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| 62 | not officially supported by Mensys.
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| 63 |
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| 64 |
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| 65 | Watcom Build
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| 66 | ------------
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| 67 |
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| 68 | The source tree contains several files that were created during an
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| 69 | attempt to use the Watcom compiler (e.g. wmakefile); however, the
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| 70 | Watcom build is broken and produces a non-working driver.
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| 71 |
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| 72 |
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| 73 | Installation
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| 74 | ============
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| 75 |
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| 76 | - Copy the driver file, OS2AHCI.ADD, to C:\OS2\BOOT
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| 77 |
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| 78 | - Add the following line to CONFIG.SYS:
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| 79 | BASEDEV=OS2AHCI.ADD
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| 80 |
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| 81 |
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| 82 | Driver Command Line Options
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| 83 | ===========================
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| 84 |
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| 85 | Global Options
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| 86 |
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| 87 | Option Description
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| 88 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 89 | /c:<addr> Set debug COM port base address in hex (default = 3f8);
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| 90 | if used, this option should come before any /d options.
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| 91 | If <addr> is set to 0, the COM port is turned off and
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| 92 | all output is directed to an internal trace ring buffer
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| 93 | that can be dumped on an OS/2 command prompt with the
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| 94 | command "type os2ahci$"; see the OS2AHCI project page
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| 95 | at http://svn.ecomstation.nl/ahci/wiki/AhciTrace
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| 96 | for more info.
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| 97 | /d Debug output on COM port/trace buffer; multiple "/d"
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| 98 | options will increase verbosity:
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| 99 | 1 = requests
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| 100 | 2 = detailed
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| 101 | 3 = verbose, including MMIO operations
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| 102 | /v display adapter info during boot
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| 103 | /g:<vendor>:<device> Add generic PCI ID to list of supported AHCI adapters
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| 104 | (e.g. /g:8086:2829)
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| 105 | /t Perform thorough PCI ID scan; default = on, can be
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| 106 | turned off with /!t to perform only a PCI class scan
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| 107 | /f Force the use of the HW write cache when using NCQ
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| 108 | commands; see "Native Command Queuing" below for
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| 109 | further explanation
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| 110 | /r Reset ports during initialization (default = off
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| 111 | unless the [Intel] AHCI controller was found to be
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| 112 | initialized by the BIOS in SATA mode)
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| 113 | /a Set adapter for adapter-specific options
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| 114 | (default = -1, all adapters)
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| 115 | /p Set port for port-specific options
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| 116 | (default = -1, all ports)
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| 117 |
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| 118 | Adapter-specific Options
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| 119 |
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| 120 | Option Description
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| 121 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 122 | /i Ignore current adapter
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| 123 |
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| 124 | Port-specific Options
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| 125 |
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| 126 | Option Description
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| 127 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| 128 | /s Enable SCSI emulation for ATAPI units (default = off)
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| 129 | SCSI emulation is required for tools like cdrecord.
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| 130 | /n Enable NCQ (Native Command Queuing) for hard disks
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| 131 | (default = off)
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| 132 | /ls Set link speed (default = 0):
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| 133 | 0 = maximum,
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| 134 | 1 = limit to generation 1
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| 135 | 2 = limit to generation 2
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| 136 | 3 = limit to generation 3
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| 137 | /lp Set link power management (default = 0):
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| 138 | 0 = full power management,
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| 139 | 1 = transitions to "partial slumber state" disabled,
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| 140 | 2 = transitions to "slumber state" disabled,
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| 141 | 3 = transitions to both partial and slumber states
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| 142 | disabled
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| 143 | /4 Force track size to be 56 sectors regardless of the
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| 144 | reported disk geometry to optimize partition boundaries
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| 145 | for hard disks with 4096 byte sectors.
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| 146 |
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| 147 | Port-specific options depend on the currently active adapter
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| 148 | and port selector (/a and /p). Those selectors are -1 per default
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| 149 | which means "all" adapters/ports. The scope can be reduced by limiting
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| 150 | it to an adapter (/a) or an adapter and a port (/a and /p). The scope
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| 151 | can be reset by setting the corresponding option back to -1.
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| 152 |
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| 153 | For example:
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| 154 |
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| 155 | BASEDEV=OS2AHCI.ADD /n /a:0 /p:5 /!n /a:1 /p:-1 /!n
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| 156 |
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| 157 | This has the following effect:
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| 158 |
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| 159 | - Enable NCQ for all hard disks
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| 160 | - Disable NCQ for hard disk on adapter #0, port #5
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| 161 | - Disable NCQ for all hard disks on adapter #1
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| 162 |
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| 163 |
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| 164 | Native Command Queuing
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| 165 | ======================
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| 166 |
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| 167 | Native Command Queuing (NCQ) is a feature which allows sending multiple I/O
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| 168 | requests to hard disks before waiting for any of the requests to complete,
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| 169 | much like Tagged Command Queuing for SCSI devices. This allows the disks
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| 170 | to reorder I/O requests to minimize head movements, resulting in improved
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| 171 | performance when executing random I/Os. In practice, this will be most
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| 172 | noticable when multiple programs request I/O services to different parts
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| 173 | of the disk -- a single program typically won't queue up I/O's but instead
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| 174 | will wait for each I/O to complete (with the exception of programs like
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| 175 | database servers).
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| 176 |
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| 177 | While we believe NCQ will work with the majority of controllers and hard
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| 178 | disks, it's currently turned off by default until we have more feedback
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| 179 | from eComStation users. In order to turn on NCQ, just add the command line
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| 180 | option "/n" to OS2AHCI.ADD.
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| 181 |
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| 182 | NCQ and HW Caches
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| 183 | -----------------
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| 184 |
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| 185 | In NCQ mode, OS2AHCI supports a request flag which allows upstream code
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| 186 | (e.g. file systems) to force writes to go directly to the disk instead
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| 187 | of being buffered in the HW disk cache. However, at least JFS doesn't
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| 188 | support this flag properly which effectively disables the HW disk cache
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| 189 | for write operations across the board, resulting in a substantial
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| 190 | performance loss. In order to prevent OS2AHCI from disabling the HW
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| 191 | cache when so requested by upstream code, please use the command line
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| 192 | option "/f".
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| 193 |
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| 194 | This may, of course, result in data loss in case of power failures but
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| 195 | apparently this was the situation with previous IDE drivers as well thus
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| 196 | shouldn't make much difference in the field. The JFS code also seems to
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| 197 | imply that this flag has never been widely supported by [IDE] drivers;
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| 198 | otherwise, the JFS developers should have stumbled over the performance
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| 199 | loss a long time ago and fixed the code.
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| 200 |
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| 201 | NOTES:
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| 202 |
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| 203 | - Without NCQ, OS2AHCI behaves like former IDE drivers, i.e. the HW
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| 204 | cache will always be enabled (on modern disks).
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| 205 |
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| 206 | - When suspending, rebooting or shutting down, OS2AHCI always flushes
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| 207 | the HW disk cache regardless of the "/f" or "/n" command line options.
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| 208 |
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| 209 |
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| 210 | Interoperability With IDE Drivers
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| 211 | =================================
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| 212 |
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| 213 | There are three kinds of IDE/ATA/SATA controllers:
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| 214 |
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| 215 | 1. Legacy controllers (IDE or SATA) without AHCI support
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| 216 | This kind of controller will only be recognized by IDE drivers
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| 217 | (IBM1S506.ADD or DANIS506.ADD).
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| 218 |
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| 219 | 2. AHCI-capable controllers which supports IDE/SATA legacy interfaces
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| 220 | This kind of controller will work with IDE or AHCI drivers and it's
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| 221 | up to the user to decide which driver to use.
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| 222 |
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| 223 | 3. AHCI-only controllers
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| 224 | This kind of controller will only be recognized by OS2AHCI.
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| 225 |
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| 226 | If there's a mix of controllers of types 1 and 3, both an IDE and an AHCI
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| 227 | driver will be required.
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| 228 |
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| 229 | If type 2 controllers are involved, it's up to the user to decide which
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| 230 | driver to use. Both DANIS506.ADD and OS2AHCI.ADD will verify whether another
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| 231 | driver has already allocated the corresponding adapter, thus the only
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| 232 | decision to take for mixed configurations is whether type-2 controllers
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| 233 | should be handled by DANIS506.ADD or OS2AHCI.ADD and this can be done by
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| 234 | having the desired driver's BASEDEV statement coming first in CONFIG.SYS.
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| 235 |
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| 236 | NOTE: Older versions of DANIS506.ADD did not verify whether the resources
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| 237 | of a particular adapter were already allocated by another driver.
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| 238 | DANIS506.ADD 1.8.8 or later is required for this to work.
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| 239 |
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| 240 | When using earlier versions of DANI1S506.ADD, the options "/A:x /I"
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| 241 | will be required to tell DANI1S506.ADD to ignore adapters to be
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| 242 | driven by OS2AHCI.ADD. The same applies to IBM1S506.ADD
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| 243 |
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| 244 | Mixed Controller Example
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| 245 | ------------------------
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| 246 |
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| 247 | Assume a DELL D630 or a Thinkpad T60. The hard disk is attached to the
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| 248 | SATA/AHCI controller of the ICH-7 hub while the CDROM is attached to the
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| 249 | legacy PATA IDE controller. This allows two different configurations:
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| 250 |
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| 251 | 1. Drive HDD and CDROM via DANIS506.ADD
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| 252 | 2. Drive HDD via OS2AHCI.ADD and CDROM via DANI1S506.ADD
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| 253 |
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| 254 | OS2AHCI.ADD can't drive the CDROM because it's attached to a legacy PATA
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| 255 | IDE controller which doesn't support AHCI.
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| 256 |
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| 257 | - If OS2AHCI.ADD comes first in CONFIG.SYS, it will take over the SATA/AHCI
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| 258 | controller and drive the HDD. DANIS506.ADD will take care of the PATA/IDE
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| 259 | controller for the CDROM.
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| 260 | - If DANIS506.ADD comes first in CONFIG.SYS, it will take over both the
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| 261 | SATA/AHCI and the PATA/IDE controller and OS2AHCI.ADD will silently exit.
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| 262 |
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| 263 | Advantages of AHCI
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| 264 | ------------------
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| 265 |
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| 266 | The interfaces provided by the various [Intel] controllers could be
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| 267 | summarized like this (the term ATA as driver interface being a bit of our
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| 268 | own invention):
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| 269 |
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| 270 | - Intel PIIX: IDE (I/O registers) and ATA (taskfile)
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| 271 | - Intel ICH6: IDE (I/O registers), ATA (taskfile) and SATA
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| 272 | (FIS, vendor-specific)
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| 273 | - Intel ICH7: IDE (I/O registers), ATA (taskfile), SATA
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| 274 | (FIS, vendor-specific) and AHCI (FIS)
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| 275 | - Intel PCH: AHCI (FIS)
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| 276 |
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| 277 | Taskfiles are regions in memory with ATA commands which the IDE/ATA
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| 278 | controller can read and process autonomously. FIS (Frame Information
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| 279 | Structures) are pretty much the same but they are specific to the SATA
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| 280 | communication protocol on the serial link. The most important FIS type
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| 281 | for AHCI drivers is the H2D (host to device) FIS which basically contains
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| 282 | the ATA command to be executed.
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| 283 |
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| 284 | The big advantage of AHCI controllers, apart from being vendor-neutral,
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| 285 | is that they take care of a lot of things which previous-generation
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| 286 | drivers like DANI1S506 would have to do step by step. For example, in
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| 287 | order to send an ATAPI command, DANIS506 would have to do the following:
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| 288 |
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| 289 | * Send ATA "PACKET" command to device (via IDE registers, ATA taskfiles
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| 290 | or SATA FIS)
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| 291 | * Wait until device signals via interrupt it's ready for the ATAPI command
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| 292 | * Send ATAPI command to device via PIO
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| 293 | * Wait until device signals via interrupt it's ready to transfer data
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| 294 | * Send/Receive any data that might come along with the ATAPI command via
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| 295 | PIO, or wait for DMA transfer to complete
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| 296 | * Wait until device signals via interrupt that command and data transfer
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| 297 | have completed
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| 298 |
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| 299 | For OS2AHCI, the same operation looks like this:
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| 300 |
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| 301 | * Fill in AHCI command header, FIS with ATA "PACKET" command and the ATAPI
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| 302 | command
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| 303 | * Tell port engine to process the command
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| 304 | * Wait until controller signals via interrupt that command and data
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| 305 | transfer have completed
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| 306 |
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| 307 | The AHCI controller automatically takes care of all underlying bits and
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| 308 | pieces. OS2AHCI doesn't even have to know whether a particular message is
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| 309 | sent via PIO or DMA because this is handled by the AHCI controller, too.
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| 310 | And the whole concept of PIO and DMA is only relevant between AHCI controller
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| 311 | and the device -- all transfers between OS2AHCI and the AHCI controller are
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| 312 | always done via DMA.
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| 313 |
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| 314 |
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| 315 | SMART Support
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| 316 | =============
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| 317 |
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| 318 | Starting with version 1.22, OS2AHCI supports the IOCTL interface required by
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| 319 | existing SMART monitoring tools. Since those tools are hard-coded to open
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| 320 | the character device named "IBMS506$", OS2AHCI will now register a device
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| 321 | with this name, too.
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| 322 |
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| 323 | NOTES:
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| 324 |
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| 325 | - If multiple drivers exporting this character device name are loaded at
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| 326 | the same time, the driver loaded last will receive all [SMART] requests.
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| 327 | This means that if both DANIS506 and OS2AHCI are loaded and SMART support
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| 328 | for OS2AHCI-controlled hard disks is desired, OS2AHCI will have to be
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| 329 | loaded after DANIS506. It also means that DANIS506 may have to be told
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| 330 | to ignore type 2 controllers (i.e. controllers supporting both SATA and
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| 331 | AHCI) using the command line options "/A:x /I".
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| 332 |
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| 333 | - The IOCTL interface for SMART is based on the idea of IDE controllers
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| 334 | with a master and a slave drive. OS2AHCI maps all devices (ATA or ATAPI)
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| 335 | sequentially to this pattern. If, for example, you have 4 hard disks and
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| 336 | one CDROM attached to a single controller on ports 1, 2, 5, 7, and 11,
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| 337 | SMART tools will see 3 controllers as follows:
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| 338 |
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| 339 | - controller 0, master: HD on port 1
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| 340 | - controller 0, slave: HD on port 2
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| 341 | - controller 1, master: HD on port 5
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| 342 | - controller 1, slave: HD on port 7
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| 343 | - controller 2, master: CDROM on port 11
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| 344 |
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| 345 | - The DSKSP_GEN_GET_COUNTERS interface is currently unsupported; calls to
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| 346 | the corresponding IOCTL will return 0 for all counters. SMART counters
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| 347 | are not affected by this limitation, i.e. SMART tools will be able to
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| 348 | report counters from the physical disk; this limitation only affects
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| 349 | the software counters maintained by ADD drivers which do support the
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| 350 | DSKSP_GEN_GET_COUNTERS IOCTL request.
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| 351 |
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