Loading [MathJax]/jax/output/HTML-CSS/jax.js

Computations of the Riemann zeta function

These pages sorted by the size of t

These pages sorted by the size of Z(t)

These pages sorted by the size of S(t)

Here are some pictures of and information about Z(t) and S(t) for some large values of t. The Z function is the zeta function on the critical line, rotated so that it is real, so Z(t)=eiArg(ζ(1/2+it)ζ(1/2+it) S(t) is the argument of ζ(1/2+it), properly interpreted. In some way, it measures irregularity in the distribution of the zeros of the zeta function.

These are from computations run by Ghaith Hiary and myself, based on the algorithm described in Ghaith's paper (also available at the arXiv). These computations have been run on a variety of machines. Initially, we used machines on the Sage cluster at the University of Washington (thanks to William Stein and the NSF), then later the riemann cluster at University of Waterloo (thanks to Mike Rubinstein). Currently, computations are being run at the University of Bristol on the LMFDB machines (funded by EPSRC) and on BlueCrystal.

If your web browser window is big enough, in the top right of each section below you will see a plot of Z(t), in the bottom left you will see S(t), and in the bottom right you will see a zoomed in plot of Z(t). Things are sized roughly so that this looks good on my 1080p monitor.

The images are all links that will take you to a zoomable version of the plot.

You can click on any image for a bigger version. Also, you can look at a list of all of the images: Z(t) or S(t).

See also:

Page 0  Page 1  Page 2  Page 3  Page 4  Page 5  Page 6  Page 7  Page 8  Page 9  Page 10  Page 11  Page 12  Page 13  Page 14  Page 15  Page 16  Page 17  Page 18  Page 19  Page 20  Page 21  Page 22

ζ(1/2+it) around t=392467645898943091552511692840843.92467645899×1031

Largest value of Z(t) in this graph:16242.95904

Value of t for which the maximum occurs:39246764589894309155251169284104.05199609

Value of ζ(1/2+it):15837.87126+3604.934452i

Maximum of S(t) in this range:3.169461021

zeta function picture

zeta function picture zeta function picture


ζ(1/2+it) around t=703910663104913243087919695544337.03910663105×1031

Largest value of Z(t) in this graph:-14055.89286

Value of t for which the maximum occurs:70391066310491324308791969554453.24909766

Value of ζ(1/2+it):12667.148796091.918058i

Maximum of S(t) in this range:-2.859244495

zeta function picture

zeta function picture zeta function picture


ζ(1/2+it) around t=5521664100099312888868086323265.5216641001×1029

Largest value of Z(t) in this graph:-13558.83314

Value of t for which the maximum occurs:552166410009931288886808632346.50524609

Value of ζ(1/2+it):13541.30634+689.1870728i

Maximum of S(t) in this range:2.942729904

zeta function picture

zeta function picture zeta function picture

Video of partial sums


ζ(1/2+it) around t=5521664100099312888868086323265.5216641001×1029

Largest value of Z(t) in this graph:-13558.83313

Value of t for which the maximum occurs:552166410009931288886808632346.50524609

Value of ζ(1/2+it):13541.30633+689.1870722i

Maximum of S(t) in this range:2.942736054

zeta function picture

zeta function picture zeta function picture

Video of partial sums


ζ(1/2+it) around t=355758600042147062492272488059573.55758600042×1031

Largest value of Z(t) in this graph:13338.68756

Value of t for which the maximum occurs:35575860004214706249227248805977.24128516

Value of ζ(1/2+it):8299.344119+10442.29251i

Maximum of S(t) in this range:3.272254487

zeta function picture

zeta function picture zeta function picture


ζ(1/2+it) around t=66323781878235889740024579106866.63237818782×1030

Largest value of Z(t) in this graph:12021.09404

Value of t for which the maximum occurs:6632378187823588974002457910706.59637891

Value of ζ(1/2+it):11940.693061388.002644i

Maximum of S(t) in this range:2.812395579

zeta function picture

zeta function picture zeta function picture


ζ(1/2+it) around t=6981562889715199161359429404406.98156288972×1029

Largest value of Z(t) in this graph:11195.68103

Value of t for which the maximum occurs:698156288971519916135942940460.33499609

Value of ζ(1/2+it):10940.477432376.810349i

Maximum of S(t) in this range:-2.981733857

zeta function picture

zeta function picture zeta function picture


ζ(1/2+it) around t=2892860767193253077183805490302.89286076719×1029

Largest value of Z(t) in this graph:10916.11452

Value of t for which the maximum occurs:289286076719325307718380549050.25637109

Value of ζ(1/2+it):10527.267232887.594327i

Maximum of S(t) in this range:2.776524101

zeta function picture

zeta function picture zeta function picture


ζ(1/2+it) around t=500547572310739621158804546715975.00547572311×1031

Largest value of Z(t) in this graph:-10621.06098

Value of t for which the maximum occurs:50054757231073962115880454671617.40199609

Value of ζ(1/2+it):8576.8339926264.571422i

Maximum of S(t) in this range:-3.182607099

zeta function picture

zeta function picture zeta function picture

Video of partial sums


ζ(1/2+it) around t=500547572310739621158804546715975.00547572311×1031

Largest value of Z(t) in this graph:-10621.06098

Value of t for which the maximum occurs:50054757231073962115880454671617.40199609

Value of ζ(1/2+it):8576.8339886264.571419i

Maximum of S(t) in this range:-3.182602174

zeta function picture

zeta function picture zeta function picture

Video of partial sums