Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant

The Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant [Votkinsky Mashinostroitelny Zavod] is located 50 kilometers from Izhevsk, the capital of the Udmurtia region. Currently, the Votkinsk plant produces strategic intercontinental missiles, which are the basis of Russia's nuclear shield. Civilian products include equipment for the oil and gas industry and machine tools. It makes sections and warhead platforms for Topol-M, Yars, and Bulava missile systems as well as bodies for Iskander missiles. JSC Votkinsk Plant is one of the oldest enterprises in Russia, founded in 1759. A witness of four centuries, it has always been among the best factories in Russia, leaders of technical progress. For the successful completion of state tasks and increasing the country's defense capability, Votkinsk Plant JSC was awarded two Orders of Lenin and two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor. And in recent history - Gratitude from three Presidents of the Russian Federation, a Certificate of Honor from the Government of the country and a Certificate from the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. Today it is a powerful machine-building complex with its own metallurgical, including forging, tool, and assembly production. The strategic goal of the enterprise is to fulfill the state defense order for the production of special-purpose products. At the same time, the production and personnel potential of the Votkinsk plant allows production of high-quality technically complex industrial products for oil and gas production enterprises, nuclear energy, the space industry and scientific organizations. In the last decade, the plant has carried out a large-scale modernization of its equipment fleet, new production buildings have been built, and existing ones have been repaired. The company acquired a new face and new opportunities. Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant is one of the oldest and largest industrial enterprises in the Urals. By the time a new director arrived at the plant, It was producing the 8K14 operational-tactical single-stage liquid-fuel missile, which, thanks to its high reliability and target targeting accuracy, became a long-liver of the country's defense complex. It had been exported for more than 20 years. And today in a number of countries the combat operation of these products continues. The development of new modifications and analogues of the 8K14 missile and its warheads continued until 1972. The plant also produced an experimental batch of the Temp-S solid-fuel operational-tactical missile. In addition, the plant produced vertical milling machines and other products. Rockets were the main product of the enterprise.

In 1967, in accordance with the decree of the USSR Government, the plant began preparations for the production of the Temp-2S solid-fuel intercontinental mobile rocket, developed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT). The three-stage rocket was a large-sized product with dimensions for mechanical processing up to two meters. Its parts were to be made from high-strength steels, aluminum and titanium alloys. To protect against high temperatures, the use of a variety of heat-resistant materials and heat-protective coatings was envisaged.

The design features of these missiles necessitated the development and debugging of new technologies and equipment. It was necessary to build new production facilities and reconstruct almost all main and auxiliary workshops. This enormous work, in parallel with the development and production of the country's first samples of such missiles, took place under the direct supervision of the plant director. It was thanks to his energy and perseverance that government decisions were made, according to which powerful military construction organizations and design institutes of the country were involved in construction at the plant. The most advanced technologies and achievements of scientific and technological progress were incorporated into the design solutions. For example, to eliminate defects when welding titanium, factory specialists designed and manufactured a unique, first in the country, inhabited chamber “Atmosphere”, filled with argon. Welders, like astronauts, enter the chamber in sealed spacesuits. Working in an inert gas environment allows for high quality welds. This is just one of the numerous innovations introduced.

Large-scale construction work began at the plant to erect numerous new buildings, rebuild existing ones, and equip them with new equipment. In fact, the plant was rebuilt from scratch. At the same time, technological preparation for the production of a new product was underway - technological processes were developed, equipment was designed and manufactured.

The first parts for the new rocket were manufactured in 1968. Work on the production of missile components and assemblies and their bench fire testing at the plant's testing station lasted four years. In 1972, delivery of the first fully assembled missiles began for field flight tests. The tests were difficult, numerous shortcomings in the design, manufacturing technology and control system were identified and eliminated. In the second half of 1974, the tests were completed, and the first batch of Temp-2S missiles was delivered to the Ministry of Defense. Despite the successful test results, by government decree, further work on this missile was stopped and its production was stopped.

However, the titanic work was not in vain - the accumulated experience was used in the design and manufacture of new missiles. Even before the cessation of work on the Temp-2S missile, the plant in 1973 was given the task of creating, in the shortest possible time, two-stage solid-fuel medium-range missiles for the Pioneer mobile missile systems, developed at MIT. To speed up the work, the design widely used parts and components of the Temp-2S rocket that had already been tested during fire and flight tests.

The plant completed the task on time and with high quality - the tests were successful, and already in March 1975 the missile was put into service. In 1976, its serial deliveries to the Ministry of Defense began. Since 1978, the plant began producing a more advanced modification of the missile - “Pioneer-UTTH” - with improved tactical and technical characteristics. The number of Pioneer and Pioneer-UTTH missiles in military units increased rapidly. In 1981, there were 180 missile systems, in 1983 - more than 300.

In 1984-1986, work was underway on testing and serial production of the Pioneer-3 rocket. Despite the successful results of its flight tests, it was not put into mass production due to the signing in 1987 of an agreement between the USSR and the USA on the destruction of medium- and short-range missiles. “Pioneer” was among them.

A total of 405 deployed missiles and their launchers, as well as 245 non-deployed missiles and 118 launchers were to be destroyed. About a quarter of the deployed missiles were destroyed by their launch, and all launches were successful.

In August 1975, by order of the Minister of Defense Industry, the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant was approved as the parent enterprise for the production of the Oka army mobile missile system with a single-stage solid-fuel rocket. In 1978, the plant manufactured and submitted for testing the first batch of such missiles, and in June 1980 the missile system was put into service.

The production of this missile for the Ministry of Defense and its supply for export also continued until 1987, when an agreement was signed between the USSR and the USA on the destruction of medium- and short-range missiles.

In 1977, by decree of the Government, the development of a new solid-fuel intercontinental missile began missiles of the Topol mobile missile system, also developed by MIT designers. It is distinguished by higher characteristics in terms of firing range and accuracy, stealth, and the practical impossibility of destroying its combat units along the trajectory. The new product used many of the best achievements in the field of rocket technology at the time of its creation, which, of course, contributed to the further development of production at the Votkinsk plant. In 1982, the plant produced the first rockets for flight testing.

Flight tests of the Topol began in 1983, and serial production began in 1988. Successful tests, as well as the operation of the complexes in the Strategic Missile Forces (Strategic Missile Forces) confirmed not only their high tactical and technical characteristics and reliability, but also the high qualifications of the developers , specialists and workers of the plant.

The Topol missile system became the main type of weapon of the Strategic Missile Forces for many years. The production and technical potential of the plant, the experience of manufacturing this rocket became the basis for the creation of a more advanced Topol-M complex.

It should be noted that along with the grandiose work on the production of rockets, at the same time the plant continued to produce more and more new models of metalworking machines: in the 60s - high-precision milling machines 6N13 and 6M13P, milling machines with numerical control (CNC) 9FSP and 9FSPM; in the 70s - more advanced models 6P13 and VM127, universal milling machines VM130N, VM130V with tracking measuring devices, medium-sized multi-purpose machines VM140, multi-operational machines VM150F4 with automatic tool change; in the 80s - machines VM140F3 with automatic switching of spindle speed, VM141F3-01 with CNC "Luch-43", machining centers (MC) models VM500 PMF4 with a magazine for 40 tools and CNC "Luch-3".

The products of the machine tool industry were repeatedly exhibited at the USSR Exhibition of Economic Achievements and were awarded diplomas, and the plant’s specialists were awarded VDNKh medals. The plant also produced consumer goods - washing machines (500-600 thousand per year) and baby strollers ( 200-300 thousand per year).

These products were awarded the Quality Mark and were in demand among the population.

Russian President Vladimir Putin visited the plant in 2011 while serving as prime minister. A post on the Kremlin website at that time said the plant had 23 shops for "special purpose manufacturing" and employed 250 people. "Your plant is one of the leading enterprises in Russia's defense industry," Putin said at the time of his visit in 2011. "Everyone knows -- and especially you -- that the Votkinsk plant is one of the key enterprises in Russia's defense industry. And it will receive a large order under the new state armaments program." At the end of 2023, the Votkinsk plant published 19 government contracts for the production of nuclear weapons components. A large explosion lit up the night sky on February 7 near Votkinsk, a city about 1,000 kilometers east of Moscow that is the location of a Russian military production facility. Residents of Votkinsk reported that a powerful explosion had occurred near the city and posted videos on social media showing high flames and a massive yellow glow over the horizon. Further messages said the explosion occurred at the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant, which produces some of the Russian military's most sophisticated missiles, including the types it has used against Ukraine. The explosion was also reported by TASS, which quoted the emergency services agency as saying there had been a "scheduled test of rocket engines" at the plant. "This is not an emergency, [but] a planned [event]," a spokesman for the Ministry of Emergency Situations, was quoted as saying by the Russian state media outlet. But there was no indication of a planned test at the ministry's website. There were no details about casualties. At Votkinsk, Soviet SS-20, SS-23 and SS-12 missiles had been assembled at the plant. Soviet SS-25 missiles--similar but with a greater range--were being assembled there. These SS-25 missiles were not banned by the INF Treaty. The purpose of U.S. portal monitoring inspections at Votkinsk was to ensure that the USSR did not assemble the banned SS-20 missile under the guise of an SS-25 missile. U.S. on-site inspectors would not enter the plant; instead, they would continuously monitor the portal and patrol the perimeter. https://vstzavod.ru/company/ Votkinsky Machine Tool Plant LLC [VSZ LLC] is a specialized enterprise for the manufacture and overhaul of VM127 and VM130 machines, as well as other metalworking equipment. It managed to create a reliable team consisting of highly qualified specialists with experience in the field of machine tool building. Accurate knowledge of the customer’s wishes, a thorough study of technical conditions at the preliminary stage of development, all this ultimately allows you to correctly formulate goals and objectives, clearly determine the scope of work and the cost of their implementation. Specialists of the Votkinsk Machine Tool Plant perform work on the modernization and repair of turning, milling, and other metal-cutting machines. It supplies spare parts for milling machines VM 127 and VM 130, as well as other Russian-made models. It also manufactures parts and assemblies according to customer drawings. State Production Association "Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant" is a manufacturer of washing machines for household use. In 1983, the largest production of small-sized washing machines “FEYA” in the Soviet Union was mastered at the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant. In August 2013, the brand celebrated its 30th anniversary. During this time, more than 12 million families purchased FAIRY household appliances. Since 1999, a new direction has emerged - storage-type electric water heaters, which are now sold under the RealThermo brand. Since 2009, the legendary OKA brand of household appliances, which is approaching its half-century anniversary, has become part of the Group’s Household Appliances business. In 2013, a new plant for the production of washing machines and water heaters was built and launched. A park of thermoplastic machines, metalworking equipment and 3 assembly lines on an area of 6,000 sq.m. make it possible to produce more than 250,000 products per year. Today, the Group's household and climate control equipment business includes a wide range of modern products. Along with Russian household appliances of the well-known brands “FEYA” and “OKA”, the Topol Group represents the European trademark “Redber” in Russia and the CIS countries. The Topol group of companies traces its history back to the creation of the Votkinsky Plant Trading House OJSC on August 12, 1993, when profound changes in the economic life of Russia opened up new opportunities for the advanced technologies for manufacturing civilian products accumulated at the Votkinsky Machine-Building Plant State Production Association. Much has changed since then, but the main thing remains the same. ear of foundation 1983 Product group KBT A country Russia Factory address 427431, Russia, Republic of Udmurtskaya, Votkinsk, Dekabristov st., building 91b Website https://topol.ru

Sources and Methods

• Photographs and Site Diagrams Appended to the Memorandum of Understanding for the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles, December 1987.
• Memorandum of Understanding Regarding the Establishment of the Data Base for the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles, December 1987.

In 1757, Count P.I. Shuvalov received permission from Empress Elizaveta Petrovna [Elizabeth] to build the Votkinsk ironworks. In 1758, its construction began by order of the state Berg College. The first iron was produced at the Votkinsk ironworks on September 21 (October 2), 1759. In 1763, after the death of Shuvalov (1762), the Votkinsk and Izhevsk factories went to the treasury to cover the Shuvalov family debts, and since then they have been state enterprises. The reason for the construction of the plant was the depletion of forests near the then existing (mid-18th century) mining enterprises of the Urals. The delivery of firewood from afar led to an increase in the cost of iron production. The way out of this situation was to move ore processing to areas where forests had not yet been cut down. In addition to the Votkinsk ironworks, as an example of the implementation of such a strategy, one can also cite the nearby Izhevsk ironworks, built in 1760 - 1763. The location for the Votkinsk and Izhevsk ironworks was chosen based on a combination of proximity to a large water artery (the Kama River, which flows 15 - 20 kilometers from the present city of Votkinsk), the presence of forests, which at that time were the main fuel for industry, and proximity to mining enterprises. In 1779, by Decree of Catherine II on the introduction of the production of anchors for naval ships at the plant, construction of a large anchor factory began. In 1782, the first Admiralty type anchors were produced. Anchor production existed at the plant for 140 years. At the Votkinsk plant , the cleanliness of the anchor was checked by heating it to a dark cherry color. Then the product was thrown three times onto an anvil (“koper”) or to the bottom of the Votka River, which, to simulate the seabed, was strewn with stones from a height along the entire length of the anchor, half, and then a third of the length. If the anchor passed these tests, then it was hung up and beaten with seven-pound hammers, and people with particularly sensitive hearing (“listeners” - there were several of them at the plant) determined the presence of cracks by the ringing sound. Only after these tests was the forged anchor stamped and sent to the customer. The Votkinsk plant became famous for its craftsmen who completed an honorable order from the royal court - the spire of the bell tower of the Cathedral of Peter and Paul of the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg. From 1837 to 1848 , the head of the Votkinsk ironworks was the mining chief of the Kama-Votkinsk district Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky (1795-1880), the father of the composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. In the 1840s , under the leadership of Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky, the enterprise changed its specialization and turned from a purely metallurgical one into a machine-building one. In 1847, production of steamships began, and in 1868 , steam locomotives. The uniqueness of these undertakings is that the plant was located on the banks of a small shallow river, 12 km in a straight line from the deep Kama, and was not connected to the country’s railway network. Therefore, steamships and other vessels were built with the condition that the construction period would end by the beginning of the spring flood. A special dam was erected on the territory of the enterprise to create a small storage pond. In the spring, water filled this pond and flooded the shipyard area. The constructed ships floated to the surface. Then the gates on the dam of the storage pond were opened, and steamships with high water went along the Votka River into the Siva River, and then along it to the Kama. In total, the plant built about 400 ships of various types. In the same way, steam locomotives were sent from the enterprise across high water. First, they were loaded onto a special barge, then along the Votka, Siva, and Kama rivers they floated to the nearest railway station. This continued until 1916, when the Votkinsk plant connected to the country's railway network. In total, the company built 631 broad gauge locomotives of different series. During the 18th - 20th centuries, the Votkinsk plant produced iron, anchors, railway equipment and bridges, Moscow and river ships, steam locomotives, excavators, gold mining dredges, various weapons, various types of civil and industrial equipment. During the First World War, ammunition production was organized at the Votkinsk plant. Their production reached 3000 pieces per month. In 1915, parts of gun carriages were added to them. In the 30s and 40s, the production of howitzer guns and ammunition began. On September 9, 1925, the plant reopened as a manufacturer of agricultural equipment. From 1930 to 1937 , the plant was run by the All-Union Association of Heavy Industry and began producing high-performance steam shovels and gold dredges. In the 30s and 40s, the production of the first powerful Soviet excavators, dredges for gold mining, 45-ton railway cranes, and dredgers for the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal was organized in Votkinsk. Over 7 years of production, 271 vehicles were produced and sent to construction sites across the country. On January 1, 1938 , with the transfer of the defense industry to the People's Commissariat, the plant became an artillery plant. On March 11, 1938, it was renamed Plant No. 235. Due to the curtailment of civilian production, production of the 152-mm M10 mod. howitzer was launched in the vacated areas. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in 1941, a large train of evacuees from the Kiev Arsenal plant arrived in Votkinsk : 1,100 wagons with equipment and almost 3,000 workers and specialists. And that was just the beginning. In a short period, the Leningrad “Bolshevik”, the Stalingrad “Barricades”, the Kalinin plant near Moscow, and the Budyonny plant in Novocherkassk merged with the Votkinsk plant. The production of howitzers was stopped and the production of 45-mm anti-tank guns of the 1937 model 53-K was mastered, and in 1943 the production of 76.2-mm divisional guns of the 1942 model (ZIS-3). At the same time, the production of 45-mm anti-tank guns was curtailed. The year 1944 saw the release of the 57-mm ZIS-2 anti-tank gun. In 1942, the Artillery Division named after the Komsomol of Udmurtia, created on the initiative of the youth of the Votkinsk plant, was formed. They competed for the right to go to the front. The candidacy of each person who wrote an application was discussed at meetings of the Komsomol committees. 107 people were selected throughout Udmurtia - the best of the best. Among them are 21 Komsomol members of the Votkinsk plant. They were given 14 guns, manufactured overtime. In 1945, the plant's staff was awarded the highest government award - the Order of Lenin - for their dedicated work during the Great Patriotic War. 284 workers, engineers and employees of the plant were awarded orders and medals of the USSR. In 1941-45, the Votkinsk plant supplied the front with more than 52,000 field artillery guns. This is half of what all factories in Germany and its allies produced over the same period. Every tenth Soviet cannon of the Great Patriotic War was made in Votkinsk. A total of 9 front-line workers of the Votkinsk plant were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and 16,000 factory workers were awarded orders and medals for heroic work during the war. With the country's transition to peaceful tracks, in 1955 the production of narrow-gauge steam locomotives, locomotives, belt conveyors, and peat extraction machines was mastered in the shortest possible time. The reactor protection units for the world's first nuclear icebreaker "Lenin" were manufactured. At the end of the 1950s, the plant participated in the manufacture of a reactor for the St. Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics named after Konstantinov. In 1957, by decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the enterprise was repurposed for the production of ballistic missiles. In 1974, the production of Temp-2S missiles was mastered, in 1975 - SS20, in 1976 - Oka, in 1989 - Tochka U. In 1998, production of the Topol-M intercontinental strategic missile was launched. A great contribution to the development of rocket production was made by the director of the plant from 1966 to 1988, Vladimir Gennadievich Sadovnikov. (born January 5, 1928, committed suicide on February 26, 1990 ), twice Hero of Socialist Labor, awarded three Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, gold and silver medals of VDNKh, laureate of the USSR State Prize. In the 1970s, the plant was a large construction site, on which a dozen production buildings, a central technological laboratory, an explosion stamping area, a plant management, and a computer center grew up. The director's special concern was to equip the new workshops with modern equipment. Moreover, it was also purchased for those units where they made civilian products. Thus, a workshop for the production of universal small-sized milling machines and a new workshop for plastic parts for the production of “Fairy” washing machines were built. The production of baby strollers continued (200-300 thousand units annually). The factory workers appreciated this foresight of Sadovnikov during the years of conversion. “I can rightfully say that Vladimir Gennadievich put his soul into each object... If during the construction process the technologies incorporated in the projects became outdated, then the director took upon himself the courage, and, accordingly, all the responsibility for postponing the project deadlines for putting the objects into operation. His principle was: new building - new technologies. A worthy example is the construction of an explosion stamping body, says former deputy director for capital construction Anatoly Potapov. During the period of Sadovnikov’s work, the plant received a kind of rebirth, expanding its borders twice due to the construction of new production facilities. But the construction of workshops of the timber industry enterprise, a brick factory, the educational and laboratory building of the technical school, and the vocational school-2 complex was still underway. In February 1992, the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant was transformed into the Votkinsk Plant State Production Association. In July 1998, the Votkinsk plant became part of the Russian Space Agency. On June 1, 2010 , as part of the program to create the OJSC Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering Corporation (MIT), the FSUE Votkinsky Plant was transformed into OJSC Votkinsky Plant and on March 25, 2011 became part of the MIT Corporation. http://stankitopol.ru/ https://stanki-katalog.ru/st_votkinsk.htm In 1956, the production of vertical milling machines 6N13P began according to the documentation developed by the Gorky Milling Machine Plant (GZFS). Start of production of milling machines. Over the years of machine tool building, more than 60 thousand machine tools of various modifications have been manufactured. At the end of the 50s, the Votkinsk plant was one of the first in the USSR to master the production of machine tools with program control. Today, the company is developing new models of machining centers with numerical control. In 1959, the production of milling machines with numerical control systems, models 6R13F3 , 6R13RF3 , began . In 1983, serial production of machines of the "machining center" type VM500???4 , and in 1985 VM-501???4 , began. In 1999, the production of a new model of a universal CNC milling machine VM133 has been mastered . Since 1993, the trading house " Votkinsk Plant Topol" has been involved in the sale of machine tools from the Votkinsk plant. After the cessation of production of machine tools at the Votkinsk plant, the Votkinsky Plant Trading House switched to trading in Chinese machine tools. Currently, many machine-tool repair enterprises are engaged in the production of spare parts and repair of machine tools of the Votkinsk plant. Votkinsky Machine Tool Plant LLC (VSZ LLC) is a specialized enterprise for the manufacture and overhaul of VM127 and VM130 machines, as well as other metalworking equipment. In 2000, during the visit of the Minister of Defense of Russia, Marshal Igor Dmitrievich Sergeev, to the Votkinsk plant, an agreement was reached on the timing of repayment of debts for special equipment supplied to the Ministry of Defense. “I am pleased that during the difficult years of conversion, the management of the enterprise managed to maintain production potential and personnel, and establish stable work to provide the army with military equipment,” said Igor Dmitrievich. Factory metallurgists completed a unique order to produce six bells weighing from ten pounds to three pounds for St. George's Church. The composition of bronze was selected, drawings and technology were developed that made it possible to provide each bell with the desired sound. The Votkinsk plant was awarded with gratitude to the British company Bechtel, for which it manufactured a unique installation for a chemical weapons destruction facility. To participate in this project, funded by the Ministries of Defense of Great Britain and France, the Votkinsk plant won the tender, ahead of chemical engineering enterprises. An extended meeting “On the readiness of industrial organizations to fulfill the tasks of the state armament program for 2011-2020” was held in 2011 at the Votkinsk plant under the leadership of Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. The plant was awarded in 2014 the Letter of Gratitude from the President of the Russian Federation “For its great contribution to the creation of special equipment, strengthening the country’s defense capability and achieved labor successes.” The successful implementation of a long-term personnel policy and the constant modernization of production allow the Votkinsk plant to fulfill government tasks and orders for the production of high-tech, high-tech products for industrial and technological purposes for the oil and gas industry, nuclear energy, the space industry and scientific research. For many years, Votkinsk Plant JSC has been a socially oriented enterprise. Social policy is a powerful resource in creating motivation among workers and increasing dedication in production activities. The enterprise constantly takes measures to preserve human resources and ensure social protection of workers. There is a stable system of social programs aimed at attracting and retaining personnel. The focus is on all employees of the enterprise and members of their families, and in certain areas - veterans of the enterprise, youth and students of educational institutions of the city. The target audience for the implementation of social policy is all employees of the enterprise and members of their families, and in certain areas - veterans of the enterprise, youth and students of educational institutions of the city. Another form of employment has appeared at the Votkinsk plant. In January 2024, the company approved the Regulations on the shift work method. People who cannot be ensured a daily return to their place of permanent residence can find employment, that is, those living in other regions of the Russian Federation or in municipalities of the Udmurt Republic, the distance to the borders of which from the city of Votkinsk is at least 50 km. At the enterprise, the system of transferring knowledge to newcomers by experienced employees has existed for a long time. In the “Mentor” section, factory professionals share what is especially important to them in this field. "He approaches any work with soul and creativity, including mentoring,” says senior site foreman Mikhail Sterkhov about metal and alloy smelter Dmitry Devyatov. "I teach as I was taught in my time,” explains Dmitry Gennadievich. – First of all, I explain safety precautions: what you can do, what you can’t do, where it’s better to stand when melting, what to pay attention to. Only after this we proceed directly to working with metal. There are many nuances in it, especially when it comes to capricious aluminum. You have to feel it. This is what I help him do, suggesting why he gives this or that reaction. "You need to find an approach to students. Everyone has their own character. One will laugh in response to a joke, and the other will be offended. I notice similar moments. And, of course, I never forget that it’s always difficult at first at a factory. Many such serious enterprises, one might say, have never seen. Here the discipline is ironclad, and the production is complex and responsible. A little mistake - already a marriage. But that’s how we, experienced workers, started. Nothing, we got involved. Therefore, I treat the mistakes of my players with understanding. And I’m proud of their successes."" JSC Votkinsk Plant has the necessary resources and extensive experience in the manufacture of complex high-tech products, including for research and development. This was confirmed by participation in an international project to create a large hadron collider - the world's largest particle accelerator and participation in an international project to manufacture equipment for a chemical weapons destruction facility. For oil and gas enterprises, Votkinsky Plant JSC produces a wide range of equipment that is successfully used in the largest oil and gas companies in Russia - Gazprom PJSC, Gazprom Neft PJSC, Lukoil PJSC, NK Rosneft PJSC, Tatneft PJSC , PJSC "Surgutneftegas" and others. This is equipment for underground and major repairs of wells, pumps and pumping units for maintaining reservoir pressure with a capacity of 25 to 240 m3/hour, heat-steam and shut-off valves, drilling pumps, packers to protect production strings from the effects of pumped liquid into wells, swivels and elevators, drill bits equipped with artificial diamonds, mechanical keys and automatic keys with electric and hydraulic drives, spiders, equipment for the construction and repair of horizontal wells, gas pressure regulators, odorants, containers for transporting odorant, etc. The Votkinsk plant acquired its first experience in manufacturing products for the nuclear industry back in the late 1950s, participating in the creation of a reactor for the world’s first nuclear icebreaker “Lenin”. Over the years of cooperation with design institutes JSC NIKIET, JSC SverdNIIkhimmash, JSC TsKBM, JSC OKB Gidropress, JSC OKBM im. I.I. Afrikantov" and JSC "VNIPIET" Votkinsk plant has accumulated significant experience in fulfilling orders for the needs of nuclear industry enterprises. JSC Votkinsk Plant has experience in designing and manufacturing special technological (non-standard) equipment necessary for the production of products for special and industrial purposes. Non-standard equipment is necessary to perform specific and unique technological operations in the manufacture, control, testing, transportation and storage of various products. The range of non-standard equipment offered is quite extensive: from trolleys, containers and organizational equipment to assembly and test stands, lifting devices, electric and gas furnaces, including elements of automation and programming. The presence of high-precision equipment in the tool production workshops and the professionalism of the workers provides the enterprise’s workshops with technological equipment, but also to constantly increase the output of commercial products under contracts with third-party customers. The available capacities for burning, galvanic coating, heat treatment, and soldering of carbide plates are adapted to the requirements of tool production. In November 1931, the production of the first domestic semi-universal all-wheel drive medium-power excavator was in full swing at the Votkinsk plant. The development of new production encountered many difficulties. The boiler of the excavator's steam engine was riveted, with a lot of drilling operations, reaming holes, chasing, bending, and planting steel sheets. Large shaped castings weighing up to 5.5 tons required complex machining. However, the result was achieved, and on the eve of the new year, 1932, the first finished excavator left the factory gates. In December 1946, the Votkinsk plant produced the first locomobile - a source of energy for construction sites, collective farms, workshops, and sawmills. It was a unique power plant that combined autonomy (the locomotive ran on any fuel), compactness and mobility (it was easy to move it anywhere in the republic and country) and decent power of up to 75 horsepower. The main parts of the locomotive were a steam power plant with a firebox and boiler, a drive with a gearbox and a flywheel driving the generator. To accommodate the locomobile, it was necessary to rebuild the technological chains that had been established in 1941 for the production of artillery pieces. But the military experience was not in vain: the skills of organizing mass production helped create production lines for the production of basic labor-intensive parts, and coupled with automatic and semi-automatic welding, these lines sharply raised the level of labor productivity and product quality. The plant produced up to 1,500 locomotives per year and produced them for 10 years, at the last stage almost halving their cost. By 2023 the plant was successfully fulfilling the sharply increased product supply plan. The results of the work this year will determine the implementation of state tasks in increasing volumes in subsequent years. In 2022, our specialists developed production preparation plans and divided the activities into stages. They are implemented according to schedules. Such preparation is a very complex, multi-tasking, multi-level process, in which, in addition to the Votkinsk plant, the Roscosmos State Corporation, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, the Main Directorate of Special Construction of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, supervisory authorities and a number of defense industry enterprises are involved. The result will be the creation of new jobs, duplication of existing ones, and an increase in production and warehouse space. This year the plant built five new buildings, two of them are already at the completion stage. For the third, the largest, a powerful foundation is being prepared. Two more buildings are being built according to plans. Hundreds of pieces of equipment have been purchased, they take their places in the workshops and are immediately put into operation. In connection with the expansion of production, a number of workshops are mastering new technologies and producing new products. We had to additionally recruit a large number of workers and train them. Now the number of the team is approaching 12 thousand. On 11 September 2023, President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin signed a decree conferring the title “City of Labor Valor” on the city of Votkinsk. In essence, this is recognition of the contribution of our fathers and grandfathers to the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. This is an assessment of the labor feat of the factory workers, who did not leave their machines for weeks and practically lived at their workplaces. Then the management of the enterprise took upon itself the highest responsibility for ensuring the required volumes of production. The plant staff quickly organized production and moved hundreds of machines for the in-line production of artillery pieces. At the same time, equipment and workers arrived with the families of five large enterprises. The evacuees, more than 11 thousand people, received a roof over their heads, and they were all provided with work. The arrived machines were immediately put into production. The volume of production was increased 13 times... On August 18, 1997, the Industrial and Economic Association (IEA) “Development” was created in Udmurtia, which over the years of its activity has become one of the most authoritative public non-profit associations of the republic. The main task that the association and the Regional Association of Employers of Udmurtia, created by it on August 28, 2006, solves is to promote a consolidated position and proposals for resolving systemic problems that hinder the socio-economic development of the state to the republican and federal levels of government. The vast majority of enterprises - members of the Development Association belong to the military-industrial complex (DIC) of our country and are engaged in strengthening military power and developing the rocket and space industry of Russia. Almost all of these enterprises were created during the Soviet period of national history. On December 17-18, 1935, the first rally of the Stakhanovites of the Votkinsk plant took place. The innovators shared their experiences and discussed the use of “Stakhanovist” methods in production: rationalization of tools, technologies, processes, increasing labor discipline, reducing “smoke breaks,” preparing the workplace in advance, freeing skilled workers from auxiliary functions, etc. A large group of workers received gratitude from People's Commissar Grigory Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze and cash bonuses for completing an urgent order - the production of 10 steam 45-ton emergency railway cranes. By the way, the first in the Soviet Union. The founder of the Stakhanov movement at the plant and in the Kirov region (which then included Votkinsk), the oldest turner of the machine shop N.A. Frolov, processing piston rings, achieved a production rate of more than 330 percent. The number of the plant's staff exceeds 12 thousand people. https://warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=10809 https://www.d-kvadrat.ru/tags/ao-votkinskiy-zavod

Vladimir Gennadievich Sadovnikov

Vladimir Gennadievich Sadovnikov, Twice Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the USSR State Prize, honorary citizen of Votkinsk, was Director of the twice Order of Lenin, twice the Order of the Red Banner of Labor Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant of the USSR Ministry of Defense Industry. General Director of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant production association of the USSR Ministry of Defense Industry (city of Votkinsk, Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic). His services to the Motherland are marked by two titles of Hero of Socialist Labor, three Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, and medals. But above all these awards, people remember his great and very important deeds. Sadovnikov himself was a comprehensively developed person, technically literate. He could quickly calculate the strength of the connection. He always recommended following technical innovations, take an interest in literature, medicine, and subscribe to newspapers and magazines. In his company he was a cheerful, sociable person. He was interesting and told a lot, loved jokes. He lived modestly, without privileges. This is confirmed by everyone who knew the Sadovnikov family closely. However, there were plenty of envious people and slanderers. Even regarding a small plot that the couple purchased in one of the garden areas. Sadovnikov’s characteristic trait of being the first everywhere manifested itself even in everyday affairs. He was fond of running and yoga, which was fashionable at that time. At the age of 45, he discovered sambo [a Russian form of wrestling] and became an active promoter of this sport. And at the age of 50, he passed the GTO standards for the category up to 30 years of age and received the Gold Badge. From 1966 to 1988 he was director of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant. At the time of his appointment as director of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant, he was 38 years old. Under his leadership, samples of rocket technology were developed and mastered at the Votkinsk plant, factory production was developed, mass production of consumer goods was mastered, and the plant staff took a leading position in the industry. During this period, the plant built new production buildings, residential neighborhoods in the city, new hospitals, schools, and children's institutions. Born Russian on January 25, 1928 in the village of Shonguty, now Apastovsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan, in a family of rural employees. In 1953 he graduated from the Kazan Aviation Institute and was sent to work in Dnepropetrovsk (Ukraine). There, in 1953-1958, he worked in the design bureau of M. Yangel at the Yuzhmash defense plant as an engineer, senior engineer, leading product designer of the USSR Academy of Sciences for the compartment, in which the first creatures Belka and Strelka were launched into space, by the head of the group of the design bureau department in the field of space technology. He was leading designer for the rocket complexes of the USSR Academy of Sciences "Cosmos" and "Intercosmos", head of the design group for air-to-air missiles air". Due to the fact that the production of these last missiles was transferred to the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant, he moved to Izhevsk in 1958. At the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant, he organized and headed a special design bureau and already in 1960 he was promoted to the position of chief engineer of the plant. Here his extraordinary abilities as a designer and organizer were especially clearly demonstrated.

In June 1966, he was appointed director of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant, and subsequently - general director of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant production association. Under the leadership of Vladimir Gennadievich, new models of missiles were developed and mastered. new technology, the plant team took a leading position in the industry. His personal contribution is invaluable in the development of factory production, the development of new machines, mass production of goods for people, the introduction of progressive technology in solving social problems. In 1966, the Votkinsk plant was producing serial products, but increasing the production of products is difficult for the team. The country's leadership, meanwhile, sets the enterprise an even more complex and responsible task: for the first time in the country, organize the production of products with completely new characteristics. In a short time, it would have to master the production of hundreds of new high-precision parts, dozens of types of materials, and develop technologies. The Votkinsk plant was not used to giving in to difficulties, but regular schedule disruptions required drastic changes. "If he took something, he brought it to its logical conclusion. This was an integral feature of him. Based on these considerations, Dmitry Fedorovich Ustinov (from 1965 to 1976 Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, then Minister of Defense of the USSR), and he at that time played a significant role in determining the leaders, and the Udmurt Regional Party Committee, and the Council of Ministers of the Republic chose Sadovnikova. And I’ll tell you, no one made a mistake,” said former USSR Minister of Defense Industry Boris Belousov. “He got into the business very quickly, understood not only production, but also people, identified bottlenecks and began to aggressively, with great energy, proactively solve these issues,” recalls the former chief engineer of the enterprise, Yuri Chertkov. With the arrival of Vladimir Gennadievich, a general restructuring of all areas of production, technical and economic activity began. With the help of the ministry and personal contacts, Sadovnikov attracted the best forces of the country's leading technological institutes to production. Active cooperation began with scientific specialists from the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering, Izhevsk NITI "Progress", Leningrad Central Research Institute of Materials, Perm Technological Institute, Central Research Institute of Materials and Materials. Vladimir Gennadievich introduced into practice a clear system of reports on production, construction, reconstruction, where the main specialists and heads of services, according to the established scheme, reported on the implementation of schedules, problems that arose... A system of daily planning and control over the progress of production and the provision of materials was developed. In 1975, the Votkinsk plant became the leading enterprise of the industry. For many years, he won prizes and was recognized as the best according to the results of five-year plans. The director was helped to bring the plant into the lead and maintain these positions by his irrepressible energy, the ability to foresight, and to captivate those around him with his ideas. Sadovnikov was known as an extremely disciplined, demanding person, merciless towards defectors and irresponsible managers. Vladimir Gennadievich also surprised me with his ability to find extraordinary solutions to complex issues. For example, to combat defects, he proposed organizing exhibitions in workshops, not of achievements, but, on the contrary, of technical shortcomings and problems that hinder the development of products.HeI personally discussed these exhibitions in the workshops, and the main experts there reported on the measures taken. On the initiative of Sadovnikov, leaders in production were encouraged, the titles “Best in the Profession”, “Master - Golden Hands”, and class of masters were introduced. Under the leadership of V.G. Sadovnikov, a large amount of work was carried out by the plant in the social sphere - new residential microdistricts of Votkinsk, a hospital complex, a clinic, a sanatorium were built, complexes of buildings of a technical school, mechanical engineering college, shops, etc.

The staff of the plant he led repeatedly took top places in the All-Union Socialist Competition. In 1966 and 1981, the plant was twice awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, in 1976 - the Order of Lenin, in 1967 - the anniversary Red Banner of the ministry and the Central Committee of the trade union, in 1970 - the Certificate of Honor of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, in 1982 - the challenge Red Banner of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and the Central Committee of the Komsomol and was included on the All-Union Board of Honor at the Exhibition of Economic Achievements of the USSR.

The honorary title for the high production performance of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant, housing construction, development of the social sphere of the city, active participation in the public life of the city was awarded by the Decision of the Executive Committee of the Votkinsk City Council of Workers' Deputies of November 3, 1980 No. 300/1. By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR ("closed") of September 9 In 1976, for outstanding services in the creation of special equipment, Vladimir Gennadievich Sadovnikov was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR ("closed") of May 15, 1981, for outstanding production achievements, early fulfillment of the tasks of the tenth five-year plan in terms of production volume and growth of labor productivity, demonstrated labor valor, Vladimir Gennadievich Sadovnikov was awarded the Order Lenin and the second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle".

He was a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Udmurt Republic of the 7-11 convocations (1967-1985), a delegate of the 24th and 27th congresses of the CPSU.

Since 1988 – retired. Lived in Votkinsk (Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic). He was awarded 3 Orders of Lenin (04/26/1971; 09/09/1976; 05/15/1981), the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (07/28/1966), and medals.

Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1969). Honorary citizen of Votkinsk, where a mechanical engineering college and one of the city streets are named after the Hero. A bust of the Hero was installed on the territory of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Votkinsky Plant", and a memorial plaque in his honor was installed on the building of the Kazan Aviation Institute. On February 26, 1990, he committed suicide with a pistol shot to the temple. He was buried in Votkinsk. “I live to serve the Motherland,” this is how Vladimir Gennadievich Sadovnikov saw his destiny. “We are Russians, and we should not have any other interests other than the interests of Russia,” he said. His multifaceted personality included a visionary and demanding leader, a talented organizer, a competent engineer, a wise mentor, a caring husband and father. Sadovnikov remained faithful to the Votkinsk plant until the end of his life. Thanks to his deeds, he became part of the biography of not only the plant, but also the city. One of the central streets of Votkinsk and the mechanical engineering college bear his name. This year, the traditional factory swimming competitions, dedicated to the memory of the legendary director, have resumed. The Days of Technical Creativity of Youth, which opened at the Votkinsk plant this year on January 25, are also dedicated to the memory of Sadovnikov. A person is alive as long as he is remembered. https://www.votkinsk.ru/ When the INF Treaty entered into force in June 1988, Votkinsk was a closed city of 100,000 people located in the Ural Mountains, approximately 1,000 kilometers northeast of Moscow. Three INF missiles had been assembled there: SS-12s, SS-20s, and SS-23s. The Votkinsk plant still assembled some of the Soviet Union's most modem ballistic missiles, specifically the SS-25 missile.' Encased in large missile canisters, SS-25 missiles were shipped from the plant in special railroad cars to operational military units. The SS-25 was not banned under the INF Treaty. However, the missile's first stage was physically similar to the SS-20 first stage; its missile canister was similar in size and weight: and its railcar exiting the assembly plant was similar to those used to transport SS-20s. The major difference in the two missiles was that the SS-20 was a two-stage missile in which the second stage was 2.87 meters long, while the SS-25 was a three-stage missile, with a second stage 3.07-meter-long." Given these similarities and differences, treaty negotiators had to agree upon an inspection process that would allow U.S. inspectors to be sure that no SS-20 missiles or missile stages were leaving the plant. In Geneva Soviet negotiators proposed that US on-site inspectors at Votkinsk would have the right to operate certain approved sensors and nondamaging imaging devices. These devices would weigh, measure, and image rail cars leaving the plant that were large enough and heavy enough to hold a missile container with an INF missile inside. Using these imaging devices, on-site inspectors could scan the railcars and determine the length and diameter of the missile inside its canister. After extensive negotiations this continuous portal monitoring inspection right was written into the treaty. In addition, treaty negotiators agreed that eight times per treaty year U.S. inspectors at Votkinsk had the right to visually inspect a missile inside its launch canister to make sure it was not a banned INF missile. The purpose of this intrusive on-site inspection right was to allay U.S. concerns that an SS-20 missile might be placed inside an SS-2S missile canister. By allowing the inspecting party to randomly select and inspect a missile, with the canister cap opened, eight times a year. treaty egotiators erected a deterrent to cheating. Visual inspection of the open missile canister inside the rajlcar would allow the American inspector to determine if the missile was an SS-20 missile or not. Virtually all rights and obligations were reciprocal; hence, what was done at Votkinsk inlluenced what was done at Magna and vice versa. More than with any other type of INF inspection, the issue of reciprocity complicated the operation of these inspections. The Soviets, reserving their treaty rights, chose not to install an imaging system at Magna, while the United States decided not to install rail or road weighing scales at Votkinsk. The United States, however, had planned all along to install and operate the treaty-authorized CargoScan monitoring equipment. This fact made the U.S. inspection operations at Votkinsk much more complex than Soviet operations at Magna. CargoScan was complex and, as events revealed, controversial in its instaJJation and initial operations. The treaty stipulated that each nation had the right to place a team of up to 30 on-site inspectors at one former INF missile assembly or rocket motor production fac ility to monitor continuously - 24 hours a day, 365 days a year - the entrance portal and to patrol the perimeter. U.S. inspectors would go to the former SS-20 missile assembly plant in Votkinsk. At Votkinsk, Soviet SS-20, SS-23 and SS-12 missiles had been assembled at the plant. Soviet SS-25 missiles - simiiar but with a greater range - were being assembled there. These SS-25 missiles were not banned by the INF Treaty. The purpose of U.S. portal monitoring inspections at Votkinsk was to ensure that the USSR did not assemble the banned SS-20 missile under the guise of an SS-25 missile. U.S. on-site inspectors would not enter the plant; instead, they would continuously monitor the portal and patrol the perimeter. As part of broader perimeter monitoring, one portal monitor was used at 1 United States (U.S.) and 1 Soviet Union (USSR) mobile missile production facility to confirm production was not occurring of banned treaty-accountable items. Portal monitors could weigh, measure, and x-ray radiograph* rail cars leaving plant to confirm absence of banned items, and thus verify host declarations. Personnel entrance monitored to hold cheating at risk Strategic Arms Reductions Treaty (START I). There was no baseline inspection at Votkinsk. U.S. portal monitoring inspectors took up their posts during the baseline period: in July 1988 they began continuous portal monitoring of the Soviet missile final assembly plant. The task of placing a group of up to 30 resident American inspectors with their monitoring equipment in a closed Soviet city more than 1,000 kilometers into the interior of the Soviet Union required great attention to managerial detail. Every item needed for U.S. operations at Votkinsk had to be acquired, listed on official documents, packed, shipped, checked at the treaty-designated point of entry (Moscow), transshipped (by air and ground transportation) to Votkinsk, stored, unpacked , and made ready for use. The U.S.’s Votkinsk portal monitor from the INF Treaty remained in use at the perimeter of the mobile missile production site. During the 1980s, the Soviet Union produced dozens of new missiles each year; Russia now adds, on average, only six to seven missile per year to its force. Under Secretary of State Ellen Tauscher said when asked about the U.S. ability to monitor Russia’s mobile ICBMs without monitoring at the Votkinsk facility, “we have a very good history from the START regime as far as verification and confidence. And on this case, we don’t have mobiles; the Russians do. We do not have the same kind of oversight over Votkinsk as we did in the original START treaty. But at the same time, we believe that we have enough enhanced transparency and supplemental verification that will give us everything that we need. And so we’re confident that we will be able to have what we need.... There are a number of different exchange – data exchanges, exhibitions, and inspections that will be part of it, and national technical means will be part of it.” 57 01 30 54 08 00 https://www.google.com/maps/place/@57.0435648,53.9843381,1957m https://www.google.com/maps/place//@57.0370571,54.1367375,979m Joint Stock Company "Votkinsky Plant", a town-forming enterprise, is one of the oldest Russian enterprises, founded in 1759. Throughout its history, the Votkinsk plant has always stood among the leading domestic enterprises and steadily fulfilled the most important government orders. At various times, iron, anchors, sea and river vessels, railway bridges, steam locomotives, excavators, guns, equipment for research and ship reactors and other complex products were produced here. The population of the city of Votkinsk as of January 1, 2009 was 96,936 people. The population of working age is 60,990 people - 63% of the total population of the city. According to the All-Russian Census, the population of the village in 1897 was 21,600 people, and before the First World War it was already 30,000. Votkinsk is a multinational city, more than 50 different nationalities live in it. Russians predominate in the national composition of the city's population - 83.1%, the share of Udmurts is 9.8%, Tatars - 3.7%, 3.4% are representatives of other nationalities. Votkinsk is an industrial city that occupies an important place in the economy of the Udmurt Republic, the Volga Federal District and the entire country as a whole. The city is home to more than 980 enterprises and institutions, employing more than 38 thousand citizens. The structure of industrial production in Votkinsk is as follows: mechanical engineering and metalworking - 85%, food industry - 9.8%, production of building materials - 0.8%, other industries 4.4%. The history of the city of Votkinsk, like many Ural cities, dates back to the signing in 1757 by Empress Elizabeth Petrovna of the Decree on the construction of an ironworks on the Votka River. The construction of the plant was entrusted to Count Pyotr Ivanovich Shuvalov. On September 21, 1759, the plant was put into operation. From the first days of its existence, the Votkinsk plant was entrusted with the most important government orders. Along with the development of industrial production, the settlement grew and developed. In 1831, the plant administration asked the top management of the Ural factories to assign it the status of a city. The request remained unanswered, and for another century Votkinsk was called a plant. St. Demetrius of Rostov is the patron saint of Votkinsk. In the eighteenth year of his life, Daniel was tonsured a monk at the Kyiv Cyril Monastery and named Demetrius. Subsequently he was abbot in several monasteries in Ukraine. In 1701 he was called to Moscow by Peter I and was granted the rank of Metropolitan of Tobolsk and Siberia. But due to poor health, he was unable to fulfill the mission entrusted to him, and from 1702 he headed the Rostov and Yaroslavl Metropolis, which he headed until his death, which followed on October 28 (old style) 1709. 43 years after his death on September 21, 1752, his incorruptible relics were discovered, and another 5 years later, on April 22, 1757 , after a comprehensive study of all the circumstances, the Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church issued a decree according to which the relics of Demetrius of Rostov were recognized as incorruptible. Count P.I. Shuvalov, the founder of the Votkinsk plant, was well aware that a new saint had been canonized in the country, and, being an unusually active person, he simply could not help but begin the construction of a temple in his honor at a new plant in the Urals. The personality and character of Dmitry Rostovsky greatly appealed to Shuvalov’s active nature. Elias Church in Votkinsk was rightfully considered the richest and most elegant. Immediately after the revolution of 1917, the church was closed, and in the troubled year of 1919, when there was a guard company of the Cheka in Votkinsk, stationed in houses in the Konanka area, it was adapted into a stable with a barracks. (Data from S.K. Prostnev from a report at the conference “Civil War in the East of Russia” Perm State Archive of Contemporary History) In 1929, the temple was closed “due to inconvenience of use,” so it was decided to dismantle it into bricks and build a secondary school on this site. But according to the newspaper “Leninsky Put” for 1937, at that time the temple still existed, and was soon demolished. This is how one of the most beautiful “Charushin” churches in Votkinsk was destroyed. But fortunately, one more work of Ivan Apollonovich Charushin has been preserved - this is the building of the “Red Hospital”, as everyone calls it in Votkinsk, one of the best works of the talented architect. And it all started with the fact that the merchant A.I. Sozykin left a significant amount of money for the construction of an almshouse “for the gratuitous care of elderly, homeless people, as well as those unable to work, of both sexes...”. The construction of the “red tower,” as one of the Votkinsk residents wrote in his personal diary, began in 1902 and was completed in 1906. On September 26, the first 50 “inhabitants” appeared here - lonely old people and elderly factory workers. On August 20, 1935, the working village of Votkinsk was transformed into a city with the direct subordination of the Votkinsk City Council to the Kirov Regional Executive Committee, and from October 22, 1937, it was included in the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Currently, the city of Votkinsk has the status of an urban district within the Udmurt Republic, which is part of the Volga Federal District. At the same time it is the administrative center of the Votkinsk region. The flying club, which opened in December 1936, gave many Votkinans a “ticket to the sky.” It became a good school for the future pilot-cosmonaut, Hero of the Soviet Union P.I. Belyaev, who in the winter of 1943-1944. Among the cadets of the naval aviation school, he completed flight practice in Votkinsk. During the Second World War, factories from Kyiv, Stalingrad, Novocherkassk, Leningrad, and the Moscow region were evacuated to Votkinsk. The arriving people - enterprise workers - were placed in the houses of Votkinsk residents, and barracks were hastily built for them in the area of ??the railway station. In 1942, on the initiative of the machine plant workers, an artillery division named after the Komsomol of Udmurtia was formed from the best representatives of the youth of the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. He fought from the Don to Berlin, participated in the liberation of Prague, and was awarded the Order of the Red Star. In 1958, a monument to V.I.Lenin was erected in the center of Votkinsk, whose author was the Moscow sculptor V.N. Kerensky. From 1966 to 1988, Vladimir Gennadievich Sadovnikov headed the team of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant. Under his leadership, the enterprise mastered many samples of new missile technology, including the famous RSD-10 Pioneer ballistic intercontinental missile system (SS-20 according to NATO classification). During the leadership of General Director V.G. Sadovnikov, the Votkinsk plant built new production buildings, residential neighborhoods, new hospitals, schools and kindergartens. Along with the plant, the city also changed. Sadovnikov is one of the few directors to whom the Ministry of Defense Industry allocated funds for active housing construction. Of course, not “for beautiful eyes,” but for the stable and successful fulfillment of government orders. To reduce the queue of factory workers to receive apartments, it was necessary to build at least 600-700 apartments per year. This could not be accomplished by contractors alone. And the plant director makes a decision: to increase the number of the construction department by 3.7 times. The plant built not only residential buildings, but also kindergartens. By 1988, there were so many of them that the waiting list for places disappeared. Even central newspapers wrote about this. The Yubileiny Palace of Culture became the first social facility that Vladimir Gennadievich commissioned. Later, under the auspices of the plant, the Oktyabr and Pobeda cinemas, a clinic, a hospital complex, a plant dispensary, a country children's camp, the Yunost sports complex, several schools appeared in the microdistricts. Sadovnikov brought natural gas to Votkinsk in 1977. Before this, the city used imported liquefied gas. "Natural gas at that time passed very close to the city. Vladimir Gennadievich took the initiative to convert the city’s boiler house to natural gas. But the Ministry of Gas Industry prohibited cutting into the central main of the existing gas pipeline, fearing an accident. Using his official position and connections, he repeatedly applied to the CPSU Central Committee and the Ministry of Defense Industry for permission to connect. After lengthy negotiations, it was received,” notes former first secretary of the Votkinsk city committee of the CPSU Nikolai Glushkov. The city is located 62 km northeast of Izhevsk, 12 km from the Kama River. Distance to the capital of Russia – Moscow – 1191 km. The area of the city is 112.18 square kilometers. The main share is 70.49 sq. km. or 62.8% of the total land fund is occupied by forest and agricultural land, 17.57 sq. km. are occupied by buildings. Votkinsk is located on the shore of a pond formed during the construction of a dam at the confluence of the Votka, Berezovka and Sharkan rivers, which are part of the Kama River basin. The Votkinsk pond is the most important drinking water reservoir for the city, covering an area of ??18 square meters. km. This is the largest artificial reservoir in Udmurtia. Votkinsk has a certain transit significance. Through the city there is a road transport connection between Izhevsk and the Sharkansky and Debessky districts, and partially between Udmurtia and the Perm Territory. The main gas pipeline Perm – Kazan – Nizhny Novgorod and 220 kV transit power lines from the Perm Territory to the Kirov Region pass through the territory of the municipality. The city occupies one of the key places in the settlement system of the Udmurt Republic; due to its proximity to Izhevsk, it is characterized by the presence of intensive industrial and social ties. Currently, Votkinsk is a steadily developing economic center, with significant prospects for the development of social and communication infrastructure. The level of economic development of the city, its position in the system of settlement and economic relations, and the relatively favorable social situation determine the prospects for large-scale functional development of the urban environment. The city's economy is predominantly single-industry in nature; the basis of the city's economic development is industry, which specializes in mechanical engineering and metalworking. The leading role, both in mechanical engineering and in general in the industrial production of the city of Votkinsk, is historically determined by the city-forming enterprise - JSC Votkinsk Plant - one of the oldest enterprises in the industry. The share of the enterprise's products is 65-70 percent of the city's total industrial production. The plant provides about 30 percent of all tax revenues to the city budget. The number of employees at the enterprise is 25 percent of the city's employed population. Large industrial enterprises also include: Oil and Gas Equipment Plant Technovek LLC, RTO Plant OJSC, Votkinsk Industrial Company OJSC, Electrical Engineering Plant Vector LLC, Votkinsk Bread Processing Plant OJSC, Votkinsk Meat Processing Plant LLC, OJSC "Votkinskmoloko" and others. According to the results of the work of industrial enterprises in the city of Votkinsk for 2007–2010, a positive trend in the growth of industrial production was noted. In general, over the past four years, the volume of products shipped to the city of Votkinsk has almost doubled. The share of the volume of industrial products of large and medium-sized enterprises is more than 90%, the rest of the products are produced by small businesses. The city's enterprises produce special equipment, equipment for the oil and gas industry, equipment for the nuclear industry, metal-cutting machines, gearboxes, gas stoves, consumer goods and much more. In 2007, an investment project began to be implemented in Votkinsk for the construction of one of the largest plants in Russia for the production of complete switchgears for equipping industrial enterprises, utilities, oil and gas companies and electric power enterprises - LLC "Electrotechnical Plant "Vector". In the third quarter of 2009, the company began producing electrical equipment. The main goal of the consumer market of the city of Votkinsk is to create conditions for providing the population with trade services, public services, including school and children's nutrition, consumer services, and hotel services. In 2006-2010, the retail network was actively developing in the city: four shopping centers were opened: “Aurora”, “Radograd”, “Alexandrisky”, “BOOM”, “Hudson”, “Raduga”, six large trading enterprises, including: "Home Comfort" store, "Fabrics" store, "Stolichny" supermarket, "Stroydvor" store, "Galask" store, "Proviant" supermarket, "Granat". The provision of retail space per 1 thousand residents increased by 33%. A lot of work was done in 2010 to provide housing to veterans of the Great Patriotic War. 47 people were registered to improve their living conditions, 38 of them received certificates of 1 million 26 thousand rubles for the purchase of housing. In 2011, all other veterans in need will also receive certificates. Funds for these purposes are allocated from the federal budget. The initiative of the President of Russia to allocate free plots for the construction of houses for families in which a third child was born also deserves attention. The main thing here is that young people, having felt the support of the state, began to look more confidently into the future. The total length of the city's route network is 197.3 km, with a length of main streets of 71.6 km. Every day, up to 70 buses operate on city routes, of which 46% (32 units) are social, serving 17 thousand benefit passengers. 36% (25 units) is the share of non-state carriers, providing 20% ??of the total volume of traffic. The total volume of traffic reaches 70,000 passengers per day. During the year, approximately 89 million passengers are transported by passenger transport. In the field of heat supply, the Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Communal Heating Networks" provided heat supply to the population and organizations in full. Central heating stations and boiler rooms are prepared in a timely manner for the heating season. Heating and hot water supply pipelines have been replaced and partially repaired. In order to provide the city population with drinking water, work is underway to restore, reconstruct and build water supply systems. A drinking water disinfection station of the second stage of the water supply system was built and put into operation - 90 million rubles. Today in the city of Votkinsk all cultural institutions have been preserved and continue to function, and a network of free clubs for the city population has also been preserved. In the city’s cultural institutions, 79 amateur folk art groups have been created and continue to operate, 20 of which bear the title “Folk” and “Exemplary”. Members of amateur associations take part in all events and celebrations organized in the city, many of them perform on stage in the region, republic, and country. Every year the city hosts holidays dedicated to historical and memorable dates in Russia, Udmurtia, and the city of Votkinsk. For example, the main event of this period was the holding of the City Day holiday in 2008, which was dedicated to the 250th anniversary of the founding of the Votkinsk settlement, the 450th anniversary of the voluntary entry of Udmurtia into Russia, as well as the celebration of the Year of the Family.. Traditional festival of musical art dedicated to P.I. Tchaikovsky, which takes place annually in April and May, has become integral in the cultural life of the city. The following holidays have become traditional: “Wreath of Friendship”, “Sabantuy”, the festival of Udmurt culture and the festival of Tatar culture “Duslyk”. In 2009, the celebration of City Day took place as part of the celebration of the 250th anniversary of the Votkinsk plant, the Year of Youth in Russia and the Year of the Child in Udmurtia. A significant event "in the life of all progressive humanity" in 2010 was the celebration of the 65th anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. In 2009, the first round of the republican festival “Victory Salute” took place, dedicated to the 65th anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. City theatrical program “Motherland. Spring. Victory" was highly appreciated by the republican jury. 14 groups and performers received the title of Laureate. Much attention is paid to the civic and patriotic education of young people. Military-patriotic education in the city is carried out in close cooperation with educational institutions of the city (such as the Cadet boarding school, School No. 7), military organizations (Military registration and enlistment office, Military unit No. 3489, ROSTO, Department of Civil Defense and Emergency Situations), public organizations (Military -patriotic club “Paratrooper”, Search squad “Memory”, Union of local warriors “Shield”), museums and museum rooms in schools No. 1, No. 6, No. 18, No. 8. Their interaction is carried out through round tables, rallies, shares, events, the creation of reports and notes in local media aimed at developing a sense of duty and respect for exploits and love for the Motherland. Events in this area are held annually: Conscript Day, Airborne Forces Day, Victory Day, Formation Competition. The Votkinsk Plant State Production Association is one of the foremost missile production facilities in Russia. In recent years it has built the SS-20, SS-23, and SS-25 ballistic missiles. It consists of two separate facilities: a final assembly plant located some 12 kilometers outside of Votkinsk where missiles are assembled, and the main plant, located in downtown Votkinsk, where missile components as well as civil and consumer goods are produced. Since Votkinsk is subject to continuous monitoring by an American inspection team under the INF Treaty. R-17 Elbrus RT-21M Pioneer RT-21 Temp 2S RT-2PM Topol RT-2UTTH Topol M RS-24 RSM-56 Bulava