Cosmonauts
Russia’s Federation
Federal Space Agency,(“Roskosmos”)
Cosmonaut Core & the Cosmonaut Training Center
07-26-10
Russia ’s Cosmonaut core that from its start in the cold war era of the early 1960’s until recently was divided between Military Pilots as well as S. P. Korolev, Rocket Space Corporation Energiya, and the Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences has now changed. During April 2010 it was decided that the Cosmonaut Training Center and its Cosmonaut core would be under the control of the Russian, Federal Space Agency making it one entity instead of three entities.
PROGRAM DETAILS OF MAN-RELATED FLIGHTS
By Marcia S. Smith*
1971-1975
THE SOVIET COSMONAUTS
The biographical information provided here is the latest available, although there is uncertainty as to whether all of it is current, for such data are difficult to obtain. For example, some of the cosmonauts may have been promoted in rank, completed studies, or added to their families without further public announcement.
It is likely that the cosmonauts were chosen in groups as the American astronauts were, although members of such groups generally become known only after they have flown a space mission. Just as many astronauts have yet to fly in space for reasons such as no flight opportunities, leaving the program for personal reasons, or death in non space accidents, the same is probably true of the Soviet corps. Hence its total dimensions over the entire period since 1960 can only be estimated. A table of the probable dimensions of the corps follows (based generally on the research of James E. Oberg, Flight International, August 16, 1973 ):
It is unlikely that cosmonauts have been killed in space flights beyond the few names which will follow in this report, because all known flights have recognizable precursor flights, have been matched by advance rumors of impending launch, have required positioning of support ships world-wide, and have sent live television from orbit. To accept the recurring speculative stories of other deaths in flight requires belief in a second, secret launch program using untried hardware, no support ships, and no television from orbit, and in which all crews are always killed. This strains credulity.
The Oberg studies of Soviet still and motion picture films have shown men from the early days who clearly dressed like and acted like known cosmonauts in these same scenes; hence, they may represent men who have yet to fly, others who have been dropped from the program, trainees killed in non-space accidents, or simply instructors and support personnel. In the February 1974 issue of Spaceflight, Oberg announced that one of his unidentified cosmonauts was finally identified as Yevgeniy Karpov, then director of the cosmonaut training program.
A. BIOGRAPHIES OF COSMONAUTS
Boris Dmitriyevich Andreyev; civilian; b. 1940, Moscow ; married, two children. Graduated from Moscow 's Bauman Higher Technical School , joined a design bureau in 1965 and became a cosmonaut in 1970. He was a member of the 'second backup crew for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.
Turiy Petrovich Artyukhin; Lieutenant Colonel, Ked Air Force; b. 1930, Pershutino, near Moscow ; married, two children. Attended Serpukhov Air Force Technical School , served in the Air Force for several years, graduated from Zhukovskiy Air Force Engineering Academy (1958), and joined the cosmonaut corps in 1963. He was the flight engineer on Soyuz 14/Salyut 3.
Pavel Ivanovich Belyayev; Lieutenant Colonel, Red Naval Air Force; b. June 26, 1925 Vologda region; d. January 10, 1970 from complications following an operation for stomach ulcers; was married, two children. Attended the Air Force Academy and became a cosmonaut in 1960. He was the command pilot of Voskhod 2.
Oeorgiy Timofeyevich Beregovoy; Major General, Red Air Force; b. April 15, 1921 , Fedorovka, the Ukraine ; married, two children. Attended Lugansk Military Air School , graduated from the Red Banner Air Force Academy (1956) and became a cosmonaut in 1964. He was the pilot of Soyuz 3 and it is speculated that he is no longer in active training for future flights.
Valeriy Fedorovich Bykovskiy; Colonel, Bed Air Force; b. August 2, 1934 , PavoloPosad near Moscow ; married, one child. Became a cosmonaut in 1960 and attended Zhukovskiy Air Force Engineering Academy, graduating in 1968. He was the backup pilot for Vostok 3, pilot of Vostok 5, and was chief of cosmonaut training for the Apollo-Soyuz mission. It is speculated that he is no longer in training for future flights. L-3 manned lunar program engineering test Prime pilot commander for Soyuz manned lunar program.
Lev Stepanovich Demin; Colonel, Bed Air Force; b. 1926, Moscow ; married, two children. Graduated from an Air Force communications school, Zhukovskiy Air Force Engineering Academy (1956), earned a degree as candidate of technical sciences (1963), and joined the cosmonaut corps in 1964. He was the flight engineer on Soyuz 15.
Georgiy Timofeyevich Dobrovolskiy; Lieutenant Colonel, Red Air Force; b. June 1, 1928 , Odessa ; d. June 29, 1971 during Soyuz 11 reentry; was married, two children. Graduated from the Air Force School at Chuguyevo and became a cosmonaut in 1963. He was the command pilot of Soyuz 11/Salyut 1.
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov; Major, Red Air Force; b. 1942, South Kazakhstan region; married, two children. Graduated from the Higher Air School as a pilot-engineer (1965) and became a cosmonaut in 1970. He was a member of the second backup crew for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.
Konstantin Petrovich Feoktistov; civilian; b. February 26, 1929 , Voronezh ; married, one child. Graduated from the Bauman Higher Technical School in Moscow with a master of science degree in engineering (1949) and now holds the degree of doctor of technical sciences. He became a cosmonaut in 1964 and was the technical scientist of Voskhod 1. Dr. Feoktistov has since returned to high-level engineering and played a major role in designing the Salyut space stations.
Anatoliy Vasilyevich Filipchenko; Colonel. Red Air Force; b. February 26, 1928 , Davydovka village, Voronezh region; married, two children. Graduated from Chuguyev Air Force School , from the Air Force Academy (1981) and became a cosmonaut in 1963. He was backup command pilot on Soyuz 4, command pilot on Soyuz 7, commander of Soyuz 16 and a member of the primary backup crew for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.
Yuriy Alekseyevich Gagarin; Colonel, Red Air Force; b. March 9, 1934 , Gzhast Region, Smolensk Oblast; d. March 27, 1968 in a crash of a jet trainer; was married, two children. Attended Air School in Orenberg, Zhukovskiy Air Force Engineering Academy , and became a cosmonaut in 1960. He was the pilot of Vostok 1 (first man in space), and backup pilot for Soyuz 1.
Viktor Vasiliyevich Gorbatko; Colonel, Red Air Force; b. December 3, 1934 , Kuban River region, North Caucasus ; married, two children. Entered the Bataysk Air Force School near Rostov in 1953, became a cosmonaut in 1960, and graduated from the Zhukovskiy Air Force Engineering Academy (1968). He was the backup pilot for Voskhod 2, backup pilot for Soyuz 5, and pilot of Soyuz 7. Lunar Module and LOK prime Test Flight Engineer candidate for manned lunar L-3 program.
Georgiy Mikhaylovich Grechko; civilian; b. May 25, 1931 , Leningrad ; married, two children. Graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Mechanics (1955), worked at a design bureau, received a master of technical sciences on the basis of work connected with landing automatic stations on the Moon, and became a cosmonaut in 1967. A leading spacecraft designer, he was the flight engineer for Soyuz 17/Salyut 4.
Aleksey Aleksandrovich Gubarev; Lieutenant Colonel, Red Air Force; b. March 29, 1931 , Kuibyshev , on the Volga ; married, two children. Graduated from the naval air force school, Gagarin Air Force Academy , and joined the cosmonaut corps In 1963. He was commander of Soyuz 17/Salyut 4.
Aleksandr Sergeyevich Ivanchenkov; civilian; b. 1940, Ivanteyevka, near Moscow ; married, one child. Graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute, joined a design bureau in 1964, and became a cosmonaut in 1970. He was a member of the third backup crew for the Apollo-Soyuz mission.
Yevgeniy Vasilyevich Khrunov; 'Colonel, Red Air Force; b. September 10, 1933 , Prudiy, near Tula ; married, one child. Graduated from Batay Military Aviation College (1956), became a cosmonaut in 1960, graduated from the Zhukovskiy Air Force Engineering Academy (1968), and has since earned a master of science degree. He was the backup pilot for Voskhod 2 and the engineer pilot for both Soyuz 4 and 5, transferring from Soyuz 5 to Soyuz 4 during the flight. He has recently coauthored a book, Man as Operator in Cosmic Flight. Engineering test Prime Commander cosmonaut LOK and Lunar Module manned lunar program.
Petr Il'ich Klimuk; Lieutenant Colonel, Red Air Force; b. July 10, 1942 , Komarovka Village , Byelorussia ; married, one child. Graduated from the Higher Air Force College in Chernigov (1964), served in the Air Force, and became a cosmonaut in 1965 (at the age of 23). He was the commander of Soyuz 13 and Soyuz 18/Salyut 4, and since 1973 has been a student at the Gagarin Air Force Academy.
Vladimir Milhaylovich Komarov; Engineer Colonel, Red Air Force; b. March 16, 1927 , Moscow ; d. April 24, 1967 when Soyuz 1's parachutes tangled during descent; was married, two children. Attended Moscow Air Force School , Third Sassov Air Force School , Serov Flying School in Bataisk, and the Zhukovskiy Air Force Engineering Academy , and became a cosmonaut in 1960. He was backup pilot for Vostok 4, command pilot of Voskhod 1, and pilot of Soyuz 1.
Valeriy Nikolayevich Kubasov; civilian; b. January 7, 1935 , Vyazniki; married, two children. Graduated as a mechanical engineer for aircraft building from the Moscow Aviation School (1958), received a master of science degree (1968), and joined the cosmonaut corps in 1967. He was the backup technical scientist for Soyuz 5 and flight engineer on Soyuz 6 and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.
Vasiliy Grigor'yevioh Lazarev; Lieutenant Colonel, Red Air Force; b. February 23, 1928 , Altai region of Southern Siberia ; married, one child. Received medical degree specializing in aviation medicine (1952), entered the Air Force school in Chuguyev, since 1954 has been an air force flyer, flight instructor, test pilot and flight equipment tester, and in 1966 became a cosmonaut. He was the backup pilot for Soyuz 9, commander of Soyuz 12 and of the April 5, 1975 unsuccessful Soyuz flight.
Valentin Vital'yevich Lebedev; civilian; b. 1942, Moscow ; married, one child. Graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute (1966), worked as an engineer in a design bureau, and became a cosmonaut in 1972. He was the flight engineer on Soyuz 13.
Aleksey Arkhipovich Leonov; Major General, Red Air Force; b. May 20, 1934 , Listvayanka, Altay Kray; married, two children. Graduated from Chuguyev Air Force School , the Zhukovskiy Air Force Engineering Academy , and became a cosmonaut in 1960. He was the co-pilot of Voskhod 2 (first man to perform extravehicular activity in space), and command pilot for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Manned lunar Zond circumlunar mission L-1 commander.
Oleg Grigor'yevich Makarov; civilian; b. 1933, Kalinin region near Moscow ; married, one child. Graduated with an engineering degree from Moscow Higher Technical School (1957), joined a design bureau where he took part in developing the control board of the Vostok spaceship as well as in desiging the Voskhod and Soyuz ships, and became a cosmonaut in 1966. He was the backup flight engineer for Soyuz 9 and flight engineer of Soyuz 12 and the April 5 unsuccessful Soyuz flight. Prime Zond Lunar circumnavigation flight engineer candidate
Andriyan Grigor'yevich Nikolayev ; Major General, Ked Air Force; b. September 5, 1929 , Shorshely, Chuvash Autonomous Republic ; married (to cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova), one child. Graduated as a pilot from an Air Force school (1954), became a cosmonaut in 1960, and graduated from Zhukovskiy Air Force Engineering Academy (1968). He was backup pilot for Vostok 2, pilot of Vostok 3, backup commander for Soyuz 6, 7 and 8, commander of Soyuz 9, and possibly backup commander for Soyuz 16.
Viktor Ivanovich Patsayev; civilian; b. June 19, 1933 , Aktybinsk, Kazakstan; d. June 29,1971 during Soyuz 11 reentry ; was married, two children. Graduated from the Penzensk Industrial Institute (1955), joined the cosmonaut corps in 1969, and earned a master of science degree (1971). He was the test engineer on Soyuz 11/Salyut 1.
Pavel Romanovich Popovich; Colonel, Red Air Force; b. October 5, 1930 . Uzin, Kiev Oblast; married, two children. Graduated from an industrial technicum (1951), a military aviation school (1954), Zhukovskiy Air Force Engineering Academy (1968) and became a cosmonaut in 1960. He was the pilot of Vostok 4 and commander of .Soyuz 15. Col. Popovich has written an auto-biographical work, Takeoff in the Morning.
Vuriy Viktorovich Romanenko; Major, Red Air Force; b. 1944, Orenburg Region; married, one child. Graduated from the Higher Air Force School as a pilot-engineer (1966), and became a cosmonaut in 1970. He was a member of the third backup crew for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.
Nikolay Nikolayevich Rukavishnikov; civilian; b. September 18, 1932 , Tomsk , Siberia ; married, one child. Graduated from the Moscow Engineering and Physics Institute (1957), and joined the cosmonaut corps in 1967. He was the test engineer for Soyuz 10, flight engineer for Soyuz 16, and a member of the first backup crew for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.
Gennadiy Vasilyevich Sarafanov; Lieutenant Colonel; b. January 1, 1942 near Saratov ; married, two children. Graduated from the Balashov Higher Air Force Flying School , served in various air units, and became a cosmonaut in 1965. He was the commander of Soyuz 15.
Vitaliy Ivanovioh Sevastyanov; civilian; b. July 8, 1935 , Krasnouralsk, Sverdlovsk region; married one child. Graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute (1959), earned a master of science degree in engineering from the Institute (1965), and became a cosmonaut in 1967. He was the flight engineer on Soyuz 9 and Soyuz 18/Salyut 4.
'Vladimir Aleksandrovich Shatalov: Lieutenant General, Red Air Force; b. December 8, 1927, Petropavlosk , Kazakhstan ; married, two children. Graduated from the Kachinsk Air Force College (1949), enrolled in the Air Force Academy in Moscow in 1953, and became a cosmonaut in 1983. He was the backup pilot of Soyuz 3, command pilot of Soyuz 4, commander of Soyuz 8 and Soyuz 10. Gen. Shatalov is currently the Cosmonaut Corps Director of Flight Training.
Oeorgiy Stepanovich Shonin; Colonel, Red Air Force; b. August 3,1935 , Rovenki, the Ukraine ; married, two children. Attended Naval Air Force College, Zhukovskiy Air Force Engineering Academy , and became a cosmonaut in 1960. He was backup commander for Soyuz 5 and commander of Soyuz 6.
Valentina Vladimorovna Tereshkova; Engineer Colonel, Red Air Force; b. March 6. 1937, Maslennikovo, Yaroslavl region; married (to Cosmonaut Andriyan Nikolayev), one child. Graduated from a textile technical school. She was the pilot of Vostok 6 and is the only woman to have flown in space.
German Stepanovich Titov; Colonel, Red Air Force; b. September 11, 1935 , Verkhneye Zhilino, Kosikha Rayon, Altay Kray; married, two children. Graduated from Volgograd Military Aviation College (1957) and became a cosmonaut in 1960. He was the backup pilot for Vostok 1 and pilot for Vostok 2. In 1968 Col. Titov graduated from the Zhukovskiy Air Force Engineering Academy, and is currently Assistant to the Chief Editor of the Journal of Aviation and Cosmonautics.
Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov; civilian; b. November 23, 1935 , Moscow ; d. June 29, 1971 during Soyuz 11 reentry; was married, one child. Entered Moscow Aviation Institute in 1953, worked as an engineer, and became a cosmonaut in 1967. He was the flight engineer on Soyuz 7, and flight engineer on Soyuz 11/Salyut 1.
Boris Valentinovich Volynov; Colonel, Red Air Air Force; b. December 18, 1934 , Irkutsk , Siberia ; married, two children. Attended Zhukovskiy Air Force Engineering Academy , and became a cosmonaut in 1960. He was the backup pilot for Vostok 5, backup command pilot for Voskhod 1, backup pilot for Soyuz 3, and command pilot of Soyuz 5.
Boris Borisovich Yegorov; Medical Lieutenant, Red Air Force; b. November 26, 1937, Moscow ; married, one child. Graduated from the First Medical Institute in Moscow (1961), became a cosmonaut in 1964, received a Doctor of Medicine degree from the Humboldt University of Berlin (1965), and became a candidate of medical sciences in 1967. He was the physiologist for Voskhod 1, after which he returned to medicine and is no longer in training for future flights.
Aleksey Stanislovovich Yeliseyev; civilian; b. July 13, 1934 , Zhizdra; married one child. Attended Bauman Technical High School in Moscow , received master of technical science degree in engineering, and became a cosmonaut in 1966. He was the technical scientist for Soyuz 5 and 4, transferring in flight from Soyuz 5 to Soyuz 4, technical scientist for Soyuz 8 and Soyuz 10, and was the Russian flight director for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.
References:
(A) SOVIET SPACE PROGRAMS, 1971-75, OVERVIEW, FACILITIES AND HARDWARE MANNED AND UNMANNED FLIGHT PROGRAMS, BIOASTRONAUTICS CIVIL AND MILITARY APPLICATIONS PROJECTIONS OF FUTURE PLANS, STAFF REPORT , THE COMMITTEE ON AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE .SCIENCES, UNITED STATES SENATE, BY THE SCIENCE POLICY RESEARCH DIVISION CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE, THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, VOLUME – I, AUGUST 30, 1976, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1976,
•Ms. Smith Is an analyst in science and technology. Science Policy Research Division, Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress.|
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