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| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[image:example.jpg|120px]][[image:example.jpg|120px]]
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[image:Pentane1.png|120px]][[image:Pentane2.png|120px]]
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! {{chembox header}} | General
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-  
|-  
| [[IUPAC nomenclature|Systematic name]]
| [[IUPAC nomenclature|Systematic name]]
| ? <!-- e.g. Iron(II) chloride -->
| Pentane
|-
|-
| Other names
| Other names
| ? <!-- e.g. Ferrous chloride etc, + linked mineral names -->
|  
n-Pentane<br />
Amyl Hydride<br />
Skellysolve
|-
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| ? <!-- e.g. Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> -->
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>
|-
|-
| [[Simplified molecular input line entry specification|SMILES]] <!-- mostly for organic compounds, omit otherwise -->
| [[Simplified molecular input line entry specification|SMILES]]  
| ?
| CCCCC
|-
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| [[Molar mass]]
| [[Molar mass::? g/mol]]
| [[Molar mass::72.15  g/mol]]
|-
|-
| Appearance
| Appearance
| ? <!-- e.g. pale yellow solid, [[hygroscopic]] -->
| Clear liquid
|-
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| [[CAS number::?]]
| [[CAS number::109-66-0]]
|-
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| [[Density::? g/ml]], ? <!-- ? g/cm<sup>3</sup>, solid / ? g/ml, liquid / ? g/l, gas -->
| [[Density::0.626  g/ml]], ?  
|-
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[water]]
| [[Solubility]] in [[water]]
| ? g/100 ml (?°C) <!--  at least put miscible with, not soluble in -->
| 0.004 g/100 mL (20°C)
|-
|-
<!-- | Other solvents e.g. [[ethanol]], [[acetone]] -->
<!-- | solubility info on other solvents -->
<!-- |- -->
| [[Melting point]]
| [[Melting point]]
| [[Melting point::?°C]] <!-- (mention any decomposition) -->
| [[Melting point::36°C]]
|-
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| [[Boiling point]]
| [[Boiling point::?°C]]
| [[Boiling point::-130°C]]
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''K''<sub>a</sub>) <!-- omit if not an acid or a base.  If several values, be clear -->
| ?
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Basicity]] (p''K''<sub>b</sub>) <!-- omit if not a base. If several values, be clear -->
| ?
|-
| [[Specific rotation|Chiral rotation <nowiki>[&alpha;]</nowiki><sub>D</sub>]] <!-- (Only include this for chiral compounds, indicate direction/enantiomer combo if known) -->
| ?°
|-
|-
| [[Viscosity]]
| [[Viscosity]]
| ? [[Poise|cP]] at ?°C <!-- Liquids only, omit if data unavailable. You may use [[Pascal second|Pa.s]] if you prefer -->
| 0.34 [[Poise|cP]] at 30°C
|-
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [[Orbital_hybridisation#Molecule_shape|Molecular shape]] <!-- for simple covalent molecules (omit for most large molecules, ionics and complexes) -->
| ? <!-- e.g. trigonal bipyramidal -->
|-
| [[Coordination geometry|Coordination<br />geometry]] <!-- for a metal complex or an ionic crystal, otherwise omit -->
| ? <!-- e.g. trigonal bipyramidal -->
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] <!-- omit if not a solid -->
| ? <!-- e.g. [[triclinic]], [[monoclinic]], [[orthorhombic]], [[hexagonal]], [[rhombohedral|trigonal]], [[tetragonal]], [[cubic]], and mention "close packed" or similar.  You may also cite what class it belongs to, e.g. [[Cadmium_chloride#Crystal_structure|CdCl<sub>2</sub>]]  -->
|-
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| ? [[Debye|D]]
| 0 [[Debye|D]]
|-
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards <!--  Summary only- MSDS entry provides more complete information -->
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards
|-
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [http://www.example.com Material safety data sheet] <!-- please replace with proper link-->
| [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/81-123/pdfs/0486.pdf Material safety data sheet]
|-
|-
| Main [[Occupational safety and health|hazard]]s
| Main [[Occupational safety and health|hazard]]s
| ? <!-- e.g. highly toxic, explosive, flammable, corrosive -->
| Highly flammable and harmful
|-
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{NFPA 704}} <!-- {{NFPA 704 | Health=4 | Flammability=4 | Reactivity=4 | Other=OX }} These are set on "no hazard" as default- adjust according to actual values -->
| {{NFPA 704 | Health=1 | Flammability=4 | Reactivity=0 }}
|-
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| [[Flash point]]
| ?°C
| 49°C
|-
|-
| [[Risk and safety statement|R/S statement]]
| [[Risk and safety statement|R/S statement]]
| [[Risk and safety statement#R-phrase|R]]: ? <br /> [[Risk and safety statement#S-phrase|S]]: ?
|  
[[Risk and safety statement#R-phrase|R]]: R12 R20 R21 R22<br />
[[Risk and safety statement#S-phrase|S]]: S9 S29 S33 S16
|-
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| [[RTECS]] number
| ?
| RZ9450000
|-
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s <!-- please omit if not applicable -->
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s  
| ? <!-- Put in related anions e.g, iron(II) fluoride & iron(II) bromide if compound is iron(II) chloride -->
| Pentasilatricyclo
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s <!-- please omit if not applicable -->
| ? <!-- Put in other oxidation states of same element e.g. [[iron(III) chloride]], also for related metals such as [[manganese(II) chloride]], [[cobalt(II) chloride]], ruthenium(III) chloride-->
|-
| Related [[?]] <!-- PLEASE INSERT FUNCTIONAL GROUP (e.g. [[aldehyde]]) FOR ORGANICS, please omit if not applicable -->
| ? <!-- Insert related organics e.g. on formaldehyde page put [[acetaldehyde]] -->
|-
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| Related compounds  
| Related compounds  
<!-- A miscellaneous heading - use for covalent inorganics;  e.g. for PCl<sub>3</sub> you would list PCl<sub>5</sub>, POCl<sub>3</sub>, PF<sub>3</sub>, PBr<sub>3</sub>, NCl<sub>3</sub> and AsCl<sub>3</sub>.
| Cyclopentane
Please omit if not applicable -->
| ?
|-
|-
| {{chembox header}} | <small>Except where noted otherwise, data are given for<br /> materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25&nbsp;&deg;C, 100&nbsp;kPa)]]<br /> [[Chemical infobox|Disclaimer and references]]</small>
| {{chembox header}} | <small>Except where noted otherwise, data are given for<br /> materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25&nbsp;&deg;C, 100&nbsp;kPa)]]<br /> [[Chemical infobox|Disclaimer and references]]</small>
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== Introduction ==
'''Pentane''' is a [[hydrocarbon]] with six carbon atoms and twelve hydrogen atoms. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild gasoline-like odor. Pentane is found as a natural gas and has five carbon atoms . Used for fuel and other chemical-related things, pentane can be quite harmful and could even result in death if handled incorrectly.
'''Write this section last...''' <ref>[http://www.example.com Title] Author, Publisher, Date.</ref>
 
<ref name=example>[http://www.example.com Title] Author, Publisher, Date.</ref>
 
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== Properties ==
== Properties ==
Pentane has three isomers: n-pentane, methylbutane, dimethylpropane. N-pentane is the most common one and is the one most reffered to. Pentane has five carbon atoms and twelve hydrogen atoms thus making its chemical formula C5H12.<ref>[http://www.gcsescience.com/o25.htm-GCSE SCIENCE CHEMISTRY]Dr. Colin France, Gcsescience, 2011</ref> Pentanes physical stae is a clear, colorless liquid with a gasoline like odor. Some say that its odor is quite pleasant and mild. The Vapor pressure of Pentane is 514 milimeters of Mercury at 25 degrees Celcius. Pentanes boiling point is 36 degrees Celcius and its freezing and melting point is -130 degrees Celcius.<ref>[http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/pentane.htm-Avogadro.chem]  
In addition to the properties listed on the right.<ref>[http://www.chemcas.com/msds/cas/msds86/109-66-0.asp-MSDS Pentane]Free MSDS search</ref><ref>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/chem.200900567/abstract-Pentasilatricyclo]Vladimir Ya. Lee Dr., Taka Yokoyama Dipl.-Chem., Kazunori Takanashi Dr., Akira Sekiguchi Prof. May 6th, 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/pentane?cx=partner-pub-0939450753529744%3Av0qd01-tdlq&cof=FORID%3A9&ie=UTF-8&q=pentane&sa=Search#906-Dictionary]Unknown</ref><ref>[http://www.ask.com/wiki/N-pentane-N-Pentane]Ask.com,1-7-11</ref> Pentane has three isomers: n-pentane, methylbutane and dimethylpropane. N-pentane is the most common isomer and is the one most referred to. Pentane has five carbon atoms and twelve hydrogen atoms thus making its chemical formula C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>.<ref>[http://www.gcsescience.com/o25.htm-GCSE SCIENCE CHEMISTRY]Dr. Colin France, Gcsescience, 2011</ref> Pentanes physical state is a clear, colorless liquid with a gasoline like odor. Some say that its odor is quite pleasant and mild. The Vapor pressure of Pentane is 514 millimeters of Mercury at 25 degrees Celsius. Pentanes boiling point is 36 degrees Celsius and its freezing and melting point is -130 degrees Celcius.<ref>[http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/pentane.htm-Avogadro.chem]  
MSDS, 6/1/1999</ref>
MSDS, 6/1/1999</ref>


== Occurrences ==
== Occurrences ==
[[Image:example.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Description]]
Pentane comes from many different places. First it comes from natural gas, but when it is released to the atmosphere it's most likely to be in a small amount. Pentane can also be found when using products and burning it off, and even can be found in industrial manufacturing.<ref>[http://apps.sepa.org.uk/spripa/Pages/SubstanceInformation.aspx?pid=79-Pollutant Fact Sheet]SEPA</ref>
Pentane can come from a few different places. First it can come from natural gasses but when released to the atmosphere its most likely in a small amount. Pentane can also be found when using products and burning it off, and even can be found in industrial manufacturing.<ref>[http://apps.sepa.org.uk/spripa/Pages/SubstanceInformation.aspx?pid=79-Pollutant Fact Sheet]SEPA</ref>


== Uses ==
== Uses ==
Pentanes main use is in petrol fuel for some vehicles. Though as you may not know it is also used in the chemical industry as a solvent to produce other chemicals. Pentane has been used in filling plastic foams replacing more harmful chemicals such as hydofluorocarbons and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons which hurt the ozone layer.<ref>[http://apps.sepa.org.uk/spripa/Pages/SubstanceInformation.aspx?pid=79-Pollutant Fact Sheet]SEPA</ref>
Pentanes main use is in petrol fuel for some vehicles. Though as you may not know it is also used in the chemical industry as a solvent to produce other chemicals. Pentane has been used in filling plastic foams replacing more harmful chemicals such as hydofluorocarbons and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons which hurt the ozone layer.<ref>[http://apps.sepa.org.uk/spripa/Pages/SubstanceInformation.aspx?pid=79-Pollutant Fact Sheet]SEPA</ref>
Pentane is a high volume chemical, which means over one-millions pounds are produced or imported annually. There is roughly only about three-thousand three hundred high volume chemicals out of the seventy-thousand commercially used chemicals. Pentane is used in chemical laboratories whose use is derived from the "Use Clusters Scoring System" which came from the EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics.<ref>[http://scorecard.goodguide.com/chemical-profiles/uses.tcl?edf_substance_id=109-66-0- PENTANE--Industrial Uses]Green Media Toolshed, 2005</ref>
== Effects ==
Pentane is a fairly harmful material to the environment. It is highly unlikely that pentane pollution affects the global environment yet, it can kill crops and wildlife. The wildlife killed through pentane is mostly aquatic but this does not happen often because of the small amounts of pentane being released at one particular time.


== Affects ==
Pentane affects humans too, and in some cases quite severely. In high amounts pentane can lead to a coma or death. There are two to three ways of being affected by pentane: ingestion, inhalation or if it absorbs through the skin. Inhalation can cause irritation of the respiratory tract, drowsiness, headache, dizziness, a burning sensation in the chest, and even unconsciousness. Ingestion can cause irritation of the digestive tract, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. When absorbed in the skin it can  cause skin irritation and dermatitis. Contact with the eye can lead to pink eye or conjunctivitis, irritation and damage to the cornea. If swallowed it can vaporize and lead to aspiration into the lungs and health effects similar to those for inhalation.<ref>[http://apps.sepa.org.uk/spripa/Pages/SubstanceInformation.aspx?pid=79-Pollutant Fact Sheet]SEPA</ref>
[[Image:example.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Description]]
Pentane is a fairly harmful material to the environment. It is highly unlikely that pentane pollution affects the global environment, but instead it can kill crops and wildlife. The wildlife killed through pentane is mostly aquatic but this does not happen often because of the small amounts of pentane being released at one particular time.
Pentane affects humans too, and in some cases quite severely. In high ammounts pentane can lead to a coma or death. There are two to three ways of being affected by pentane: ingestion, inhalation or if it absorbs through the skin. Inhalation can cause irritation of the respiratory tract, drowsiness, headache, dizziness, a burning sensation in the chest, and even unconsciousness. Ingestion can cause irritation of the digestive tract, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. When absorbed in the skin it can  cause skin irritation and dermatitis. Contact with the eye can lead to pink eye or conjunctivits, irritation and damage to the cornea. If swallowed it can vaporize and lead to aspiration into the lungs and health effects similar to those for inhalation.<ref>[http://apps.sepa.org.uk/spripa/Pages/SubstanceInformation.aspx?pid=79-Pollutant Fact Sheet]SEPA</ref>


== References==
== References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
== Additional Information ==
* [http://www.example.com reference title] description (i.e. source, website, author, etc.)
* [http://www.example.com reference title] description (i.e. source, website, author, etc.)
* [http://www.example.com reference title] description (i.e. source, website, author, etc.)


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[[Category:organic compound]]
[[Category:organic compound]]
[[category:hydrocarbon]]
[[category:hydrocarbon]]
[[category:alkane]]

Latest revision as of 03:19, 21 November 2015

Pentane
Pentane1.pngPentane2.png
General
Systematic name Pentane
Other names

n-Pentane
Amyl Hydride
Skellysolve

Molecular formula C5H12
SMILES CCCCC
Molar mass Molar mass::72.15 g/mol
Appearance Clear liquid
CAS number CAS number::109-66-0
Properties
Density and phase Density::0.626 g/ml, ?
Solubility in water 0.004 g/100 mL (20°C)
Melting point Melting point::36°C
Boiling point Boiling point::-130°C
Viscosity 0.34 cP at 30°C
Structure
Dipole moment 0 D
Hazards
MSDS Material safety data sheet
Main hazards Highly flammable and harmful
NFPA 704

NFPA 704 svg.png

4
1
0
 
Flash point 49°C
R/S statement

R: R12 R20 R21 R22
S: S9 S29 S33 S16

RTECS number RZ9450000
Related compounds
Other anions Pentasilatricyclo
Related compounds Cyclopentane
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Disclaimer and references

Pentane is a hydrocarbon with six carbon atoms and twelve hydrogen atoms. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild gasoline-like odor. Pentane is found as a natural gas and has five carbon atoms . Used for fuel and other chemical-related things, pentane can be quite harmful and could even result in death if handled incorrectly.

Properties

In addition to the properties listed on the right.[1][2][3][4] Pentane has three isomers: n-pentane, methylbutane and dimethylpropane. N-pentane is the most common isomer and is the one most referred to. Pentane has five carbon atoms and twelve hydrogen atoms thus making its chemical formula C5H12.[5] Pentanes physical state is a clear, colorless liquid with a gasoline like odor. Some say that its odor is quite pleasant and mild. The Vapor pressure of Pentane is 514 millimeters of Mercury at 25 degrees Celsius. Pentanes boiling point is 36 degrees Celsius and its freezing and melting point is -130 degrees Celcius.[6]

Occurrences

Pentane comes from many different places. First it comes from natural gas, but when it is released to the atmosphere it's most likely to be in a small amount. Pentane can also be found when using products and burning it off, and even can be found in industrial manufacturing.[7]

Uses

Pentanes main use is in petrol fuel for some vehicles. Though as you may not know it is also used in the chemical industry as a solvent to produce other chemicals. Pentane has been used in filling plastic foams replacing more harmful chemicals such as hydofluorocarbons and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons which hurt the ozone layer.[8] Pentane is a high volume chemical, which means over one-millions pounds are produced or imported annually. There is roughly only about three-thousand three hundred high volume chemicals out of the seventy-thousand commercially used chemicals. Pentane is used in chemical laboratories whose use is derived from the "Use Clusters Scoring System" which came from the EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics.[9]

Effects

Pentane is a fairly harmful material to the environment. It is highly unlikely that pentane pollution affects the global environment yet, it can kill crops and wildlife. The wildlife killed through pentane is mostly aquatic but this does not happen often because of the small amounts of pentane being released at one particular time.

Pentane affects humans too, and in some cases quite severely. In high amounts pentane can lead to a coma or death. There are two to three ways of being affected by pentane: ingestion, inhalation or if it absorbs through the skin. Inhalation can cause irritation of the respiratory tract, drowsiness, headache, dizziness, a burning sensation in the chest, and even unconsciousness. Ingestion can cause irritation of the digestive tract, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. When absorbed in the skin it can cause skin irritation and dermatitis. Contact with the eye can lead to pink eye or conjunctivitis, irritation and damage to the cornea. If swallowed it can vaporize and lead to aspiration into the lungs and health effects similar to those for inhalation.[10]

References

  1. ↑ PentaneFree MSDS search
  2. ↑ [1]Vladimir Ya. Lee Dr., Taka Yokoyama Dipl.-Chem., Kazunori Takanashi Dr., Akira Sekiguchi Prof. May 6th, 2009
  3. ↑ [2]Unknown
  4. ↑ [3]Ask.com,1-7-11
  5. ↑ SCIENCE CHEMISTRYDr. Colin France, Gcsescience, 2011
  6. ↑ [4] MSDS, 6/1/1999
  7. ↑ Fact SheetSEPA
  8. ↑ Fact SheetSEPA
  9. ↑ PENTANE--Industrial UsesGreen Media Toolshed, 2005
  10. ↑ Fact SheetSEPA
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