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Parallel virtualized memory translation with nested elastic cuckoo page tables

Authors:

Jovan Stojkovic,

Dimitrios Skarlatos,

Apostolos Kokolis,

Josep TorrellasAuthors Info & Claims

ASPLOS '22: Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

Pages 84 - 97

https://doi.org/10.1145/3503222.3507720

Published: 22 February 2022 Publication History

Abstract

A major reason why nested or virtualized address translations are slow is because current systems organize page tables in a multi-level tree that is accessed in a sequential manner. A nested translation may potentially require up to twenty-four sequential memory accesses. To address this problem, this paper presents the first page table design that supports parallel nested address translation. The design is based on using hashed page tables (HPTs) for both guest and host. However, directly extending a native HPT design to a nested environment leads to minor gains. Instead, our design solves a new set of challenges that appear in nested environments. Our scheme eliminates all but three of the potentially twenty-four sequential steps of a nested translation—while judiciously limiting the number of parallel memory accesses issued to avoid over-consuming cache bandwidth. As a result, compared to conventional nested radix tables, our design speeds-up the execution of a set of applications by an average of 1.19x (for 4KB pages) and 1.24x (when huge pages are used). In addition, we also show a migration path from current nested radix page tables to our design.

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Cited By

Zhang JJia WChai SLiu PKim JXu TTsafrir DMusuvathi MGupta RAbu-Ghazaleh N(2024)Direct Memory Translation for Virtualized CloudsProceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 210.1145/3620665.3640358(287-304)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3620665.3640358
Du DYang BXia YChen H(2023)Accelerating Extra Dimensional Page Walks for Confidential ComputingProceedings of the 56th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture10.1145/3613424.3614293(654-669)Online publication date: 28-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613424.3614293
Loughlin KRosenblum JSaroiu SWolman ASkarlatos DKasikci BDruschel PKaufmann AMace JFlinn JSeltzer M(2023)Siloz: Leveraging DRAM Isolation Domains to Prevent Inter-VM RowhammerProceedings of the 29th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles10.1145/3600006.3613143(417-433)Online publication date: 23-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3600006.3613143
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Parallel virtualized memory translation with nested elastic cuckoo page tables
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Architectures
2. Software and its engineering
  1. Software organization and properties
    1. Contextual software domains
      1. Operating systems
        Memory management
        Virtual memory

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cover image ACM Conferences

ASPLOS '22: Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

February 2022

1164 pages

ISBN:9781450392051

DOI:10.1145/3503222

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EPFL, Switzerland
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Michael Ferdman
Stony Brook University, USA
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University of Chicago, USA
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University of Michigan, USA / Google, USA

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Cited By

Zhang JJia WChai SLiu PKim JXu TTsafrir DMusuvathi MGupta RAbu-Ghazaleh N(2024)Direct Memory Translation for Virtualized CloudsProceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 210.1145/3620665.3640358(287-304)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3620665.3640358
Du DYang BXia YChen H(2023)Accelerating Extra Dimensional Page Walks for Confidential ComputingProceedings of the 56th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture10.1145/3613424.3614293(654-669)Online publication date: 28-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613424.3614293
Loughlin KRosenblum JSaroiu SWolman ASkarlatos DKasikci BDruschel PKaufmann AMace JFlinn JSeltzer M(2023)Siloz: Leveraging DRAM Isolation Domains to Prevent Inter-VM RowhammerProceedings of the 29th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles10.1145/3600006.3613143(417-433)Online publication date: 23-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3600006.3613143
Gosakan KHan JKuszmaul WMubarek IMukherjee NSriram KTagliavini GWest EBender MBhattacharjee AConway AFarach-Colton MGandhi JJohnson RKannan SPorter DAamodt TJerger NSwift M(2023)Mosaic Pages: Big TLB Reach with Small PagesProceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 310.1145/3582016.3582021(433-448)Online publication date: 25-Mar-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3582016.3582021
Zhao KXue KWang ZSchatzberg DYang LManousis AWeiner JVan Riel RSharma BTang CSkarlatos DSolihin YHeinrich M(2023)Contiguitas: The Pursuit of Physical Memory Contiguity in DatacentersProceedings of the 50th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture10.1145/3579371.3589079(1-15)Online publication date: 17-Jun-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3579371.3589079
Jia WZhang JShan JDu YDing XXu T(2023)HugeGPT: Storing Guest Page Tables on Host Huge Pages to Accelerate Address Translation2023 32nd International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT)10.1109/PACT58117.2023.00014(62-73)Online publication date: 21-Oct-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/PACT58117.2023.00014
Stojkovic JMantri NSkarlatos DXu TTorrellas J(2023)Memory-Efficient Hashed Page Tables2023 IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)10.1109/HPCA56546.2023.10071061(1221-1235)Online publication date: Feb-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/HPCA56546.2023.10071061

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