passwd

PASSWD(5)                File Formats and Conversions                PASSWD(5)

NAME
       passwd - the password file

DESCRIPTION
       /etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven fields
       delimited by colons (":"). These fields are:

       o   login name

       o   optional encrypted password

       o   numerical user ID

       o   numerical group ID

       o   user name or comment field

       o   user home directory

       o   optional user command interpreter

       If the password field is a lower-case "x", then the encrypted password
       is actually stored in the shadow(5) file instead; there must be a
       corresponding line in the /etc/shadow file, or else the user account is
       invalid.

       The encrypted password field may be empty, in which case no password is
       required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some
       applications which read the /etc/passwd file may decide not to permit
       any access at all if the password field is blank.

       A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the
       password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the
       password field before the password was locked.

       Refer to crypt(3) for details on how this string is interpreted.

       If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result
       of crypt(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a
       unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other
       means).

       The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as
       finger(1).

       The home directory field provides the name of the initial working
       directory. The login program uses this information to set the value of
       the $HOME environmental variable.

       The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command
       language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute.
       The login program uses this information to set the value of the $SHELL
       environmental variable. If this field is empty, it defaults to the
       value /bin/sh.

FILES
       /etc/passwd
           User account information.

       /etc/shadow
           optional encrypted password file

       /etc/passwd-
           Backup file for /etc/passwd.

           Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite,
           but not by all user and password management tools.

SEE ALSO
       crypt(3), getent(1), getpwnam(3), login(1), passwd(1), pwck(8),
       pwconv(8), pwunconv(8), shadow(5), su(1), sulogin(8).

shadow-utils 4.8.1                11/29/2022                         PASSWD(5)