There is no greater mistake than to call arithmetic an exact science. There are [...] hidden laws of number which it requires a mind like mine to perceive. For instance, if you add a sum from the bottom up, and then again from the top down, the result is always different.

Maria La Touche (The letters of a noble woman, 1908)



September 10, 2022

Easy and Fast Key-dependent Affine Transformation of Square S-boxes.
Draft 3: minor (mainly cosmetic) changes.


March 22, 2022

New Primo (and ECPP) record: 49081 decimal digits!


March 11, 2022

NUTS 0.1.3 - alpha  (Pascal code).
Library of numerical tools written for the 64-bit Free Pascal compiler (version 3.0.0 or higher) and Linux.


January 23, 2022

Replaced the Primo Top-20 page with the Primo Records page.


December 12, 2020

Primo 4.3.3  (executable for 64-bit Linux).
Primo is a primality proving software based on the ECPP (Elliptic Curve Primality Proving) algorithm. With Primo one can quickly check whether crypto-primes are actually prime... or not.


March 29, 2020

FNX 0.9.5 - alpha  (Pascal code).
FNX is a library of multiprecision integers written for Free Pascal 3.0.0 or higher and Linux.


January 13, 2020

ECB 3.0.0  (executable for 64-bit Linux).
ECB - Elliptic Curve Builder - is a generator of ordinary elliptic curves. The curves over GF(P), GF(2N) and GF(3N) are built using the so-called complex multiplication method.


April 2, 2015

First ECB release for Linux.


April 28, 2013

The old monoprocessor version of Primo for Windows is no more distributed.


April 24, 2011

The NX and CPG softwares are no more distributed.


April 4, 2011

First Primo release for Linux.


May 28, 2009

Factoring Class Polynomials over the Genus Field.
All the references to the patent pending double-eta quotient invariants have been suppressed (WO/2005/004383).
The Internet links have been updated.


April 10, 2007

An unexpected use of Primo: Primality Proving with Elliptic Curves.


August 3, 2001

First Primo release.