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    Barley

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    Preplant
    Sowing
    Tillering
    Stem
    Elongation
    Heading
    Ripening

    Nitrogen (N)   
     

    Soil Test

    Plant Analysis

     Preplant N

    Starter N

    Topdress N

    Foliar N

    X

    Phosphorus (P2O5)   
     

    Soil Test

    Plant Analysis

    Preplant / Starter P

    Topdress P

    Foliar P

    X

    Potassium (K2O)   
     

    Soil Test

    Plant Analysis

    Preplant K

    Starter K

    Topdress K

    Foliar K

    X

    Acknowledgments

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    References:


    Nitrogen

    1. Alley, M.H., Pridgen, T.H., Brann, D.E., Hammons, J.L., Mulford, R.L., 2009. Nitrogen Fertilization of Winter Barley: Principles and Recommendations. Virginia Cooperative Extension.
    2. Baethgen, W.E., Christianson, C.B., Lamothe, A.G., 1995. Nitrogen fertilizer effects on growth, grain yield and yield components of malting barley. Field Crops Research 43, 87-99.
    3. Blue, W.G., Eno, C.F., 1954. Distribution and retention of anhydrous ammonia in sandy soils. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 18, 420-424.
    4. Brauen, S.E., Turner, D.O., Halvorson, A.R., 1976. Fertilizer guide: Spring wheat, barley and oats for western Washington. FG-48 (Rev). Washington State University.
    5. Brown,B., 2009. Irrigated Winter Barley. Idaho Nutrient Management, University of Idaho.
    6. Bulman, P., Zarkadas, C.G., Smith, D.L., 1994. Nitrogen fertilizer affects amino acid composition and quality of spring barley grain. Crop Science 34, 1341-1346.
    7. Castro, A., Petrie, S., Budde, A., Corey, A., Hayes, P., Kling, J., Rhinhart, K., 2008. Variety and N management effects on grain yield and quality of winter barley. Crop Management 7(1).
    8. California Plant Health Association, 2002. Western Fertilizer Handbook 9th edition. Interstate Publishers, Inc.
    9. Craig, S., Jones,B., 2011. Late nitrogen application to increase grain protein in barley. Birchip Cropping Group 2011 Season Research Results, 87-90.
    10. Crowe, F.J., Brevig, R., James, S.R., 1986. Effect of planting date, fertilizer rate, and seeding rate on spring barley performance.
    11. Davis, J.G., Westfall, D.G., 2009. Fertilizing spring-seeded small grains. Colorado State University.
    12. Delogu, G., Cattivelli,L., Pecchioni, N., De Falcis, D., Maggiore, T., Stanca, A.M., 1998. Uptake and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen in winter barley and winter wheat. European Journal of Agronomy 9, 11-20.
    13. Fageria, N.K., Barbosa Filho, M.P., Moreira, A., Guimarães, C.M., 2009. Foliar fertilization of crop plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition 32, 1044-1064.
    14. Fernandez, V., Sotiropoulos, T., Brown, P., 2013. Foliar fertilization: scientific principles and field practices. International Fertilizer Industry Association.
    15. Foote, W.H., Batchelder, F.C., 1953. Effect of different rates and times of application of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of Hannchen barley. Agronomy Journal 45, 532-535.
    16. Franzen, D.W., 2010. North Dakota fertilizer recommendation tables and equations. North Dakota State University Extension Service.
    17. Gardner, E.H., Jackson, T.L., Kronstad, W.E., 2000. Spring grains. Western Oregon: West of Cascades fertilizer guide. Oregon State University Extension Service
    18. Gerwing, J., Gelderman, R., 2005. Fertilizer Recommendations Guide. South Dakota State University Cooperative Extension Service.
    19. Grant, C.A., Bailey, L.D., 1999. Effect of seed-placed urea fertilizer and N-(n-butyl)thiophophoric triamide (NBPT) on emergence and grain yield of barley. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, 491-496.
    20. Gregory, P.J., Tennant, D., Belford, R.K., 1992. Root and shoot growth, and water and light use efficiency of barley and wheat crops grown on a shallow duplex soil in a Mediterranean-type environment. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, 555-573.
    21. Hawe, W.P., Cassman, K.G., Fulton, A., Jackson, L.F., 1989. Evaluation of tissue nitrogen tests as a prognostic tool for irrigated wheat production. Journal of Fertilizer Issues 6, 89-99.
    22. Jones Jr., J.B., 1998. Field sampling procedures for conducting a plant analysis. In: Kalra, Y.P. (Ed.). Handbook of Reference Methods for Plant Analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton. pp. 25-35.
    23. Jones, C.A., Koenig, R.T., Ellsworth, J.W., Brown, B.D., Jackson, G.D., 2007. Extension Publication EB 173, Management of Urea Fertilizer to Minimize Volatilization. Montana State University.
    24. Kearney, T., Marsh, B., Wright, S., Jackson, L., 2006. Seedbed preparation, sowing and residue management. In: UC ANR (Ed.). Small Grain Production Manual. ANR Publication 8208.

      25. TOP OF PAGE

    25. Krantz, B.A., Broadbent, F.E., Williams, W.A., Bahgott, K.G., Ingebretsen, K.H., Stanley, M.E., 1968. Research with nitrogen fertilizer emphasizes.. fertilize crop - not crop residue. California Agriculture 22, 6-8.
    26. Malakondaiah, N., Safaya, N.M., Wali, M.K., 1981. Responses of alfalfa and barley to foliar application of N and P on a coal mine spoil. Plant & Soil 59, 441-453.
    27. McVay, K., Burrows, M., Jones, C., Wanner, K., Manalled, F., 2009. Extension Publication EB 0186 Montana Barley Production Guide. Montana State University.
    28. Munier, D., Kearney, T., Pettygrove, G.S., Brittan, K., Mathews, M., Jackson, L., 2006. Fertilization of small grains. In: UC ANR (Ed.). Small Grain Production Manual. ANR Publication 8208.
    29. Orloff, S., Wright, S., Ottman, M., 2012. Nitrogen management impacts on wheat yield and protein. Proceedings of the 42nd California Alfalfa Forage Symposium, 2012.
    30. Ottman,M.J., 2011. Nitrogen fertilizer requirement of feed and malting barley compared to wheat, 2011. 2011 Forage & Grain Report, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona.
    31. Ottman, M.J., Thompson,T., 2015. Fertilizing small grains in Arizona. University of Arizona factsheet AZ1346.
    32. Petrie, S., Hayes, P., Rhinhart, K., Blake, N., Kling, J., Corey, A., 2003. Fertilizer management for winter malting barley. Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State University Special Report 1047.
    33. Petrie,S., 1987. Fertilizer placement for cereal root access. US Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service Technical Notes TN -Agronomy-48.
    34. Puri, Y.P., Baghott, K.G., Prato, J.D., 1977. Wheat and barley response to nitrogen. California Agriculture 31, 10-11.
    35. Sangakkara, U.R., Cho, C.M., 1987. Effect of NH4+ nitrogen on phosphorus uptake by canola, lentils, soybeans and wheat. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 159, 199-201.
    36. Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, 2012. Guidelines for safe rates of fertilizer placed with the seed.
    37. Stanley, F.A., Smith, G.E., 1956. Effect of soil moisture and depth of application on retention of anhydrous ammonia. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 20, 557-561.
    38. Stark, J.C., Brown, B.D., 2003. Nutrient management. In: Robertson, L.D., Stark, J.C. (Ed.). Idaho Spring Barley Production Guide. University of Idaho Bulletin 742, 22-26.
    39. Thompson, T.L., Ottman, M.J., Riley-Saxton, E., 2004. Basal stem nitrate tests for irrigated malting barley. Agronomy Journal 96, 516-524.
    40. Turley, R.H., Ching, T.M., 1986. Storage protein accumulation in 'Scio' barley seed as affected by late foliar applications of nitrogen. Crop Science 26,778-782.
    41. Turner, D.O., Brauen, S.E., Halvorson, A.R., 1976. Fertilizer guide: winter wheat and barley for western Washington. FG-17 (Rev). Washington State University Cooperative Extension Service.
    42. Veseth, R., 1984. Fertility management for no-till and minimum tillage systems. In: Pacific Northwest Conservation Tillage Handbook.
    43. Veseth, R., McDole, R., Engle, C., Comocil, J., 1989. Fertilizer band location for cereal root access. In: Pacific Northwest Conservation Tillage Handbook.
    44. Wallace, T., 1943. The diagnosis of mineral deficiencies in plants by visual symptoms. His Majesty’s Stationery Office, London.
    45. Weaver, J.E., 1926. Root Development of Field Crops. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York.
    46. Weisz, R., Heiniger,R., 2013. Nitrogen management for small grains. In Weisz, R. (Ed.). Small Grain Production Guide. North Carolina State University.
    TOP OF PAGE

    Phosphorus

    1. Benbella, M., Paulsen, G.M., 1998. Efficacy of treatments for delaying senescence of wheat leaves: II. Senescence and grain ield under field conditions. Agronomy Journal 90, 332-338.
    2. Brandon, D.M., Mikkelsen, D.S., 1979. Phosphorus transformations in alternately flooded California soils: I. Cause of plant phosphorus deficiency in rice rotation crops and correctional methods. Soil Science of America Journal 43, 989-994.
    3. Brittan, K.L., 2003. 2003 Yolo / Solano / Sacramento wheat and barley production.
    4. Brown, B., 2009. Irrigated Winter Barley. Idaho Nutrient Management, University of Idaho.
    5. California Plant Health Association, 2002. Western Fertilizer Handbook 9th edition. Interstate Publishers, Inc.
    6. Davis, J.G., Westfall, D.G., 2009. Fertilizing spring-seeded small grains. Colorado State University.
    7. Fernandez, V., Sotiropoulos, T., Brown, P., 2013. Foliar fertilization: scientific principles and field practices. International Fertilizer Industry Association.
    8. Gardner, E.H., Jackson, T.L., Kronstad, W.E.,2000. Spring grains. Western Oregon: West of Cascades fertilizer guide. Oregon State University Extension Service.
    9. Grant, C.A., Flaten, D.N., Tomasiewicz, D.J., Sheppard, S.C., 2000. The importance of early season phosphorus nutrition. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, 211-224.
    10. Gregory, P.J., Tennant, D., Belford, R.K., 1992. Root and shoot growth, and water and light use efficiency of barley and wheat crops grown on a shallow duplex soil in a Mediterranean-type environment. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, 555-573.
    11. Jones Jr., J.B., 1998. Field sampling procedures for conducting a plant analysis. In: Kalra, Y.P. (Ed.). Handbook of Reference Methods for Plant Analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton. pp. 25-35.
    12. Jones, C., Jacobsen, J., 2009. Fertilizer Placement and Timing. Montana State University Extension 4449-11.
    13. Malakondaiah, N., Safaya, N.M., Wali, M.K., 1981. Responses of alfalfa and barley to foliar application of N and P on a coal mine spoil. Plant & Soil 59, 441-453.
    14. Midwest Laboratories, 1994. Foliar Nutrition. Midwest Laboratories, Inc., Omaha, Nebraska.
    15. Munier, D., Kearney, T., Pettygrove, G.S., Brittan, K., Mathews, M., Jackson, L., 2006. Fertilization of small grains. In: UC ANR (Ed.). Small Grain Production Manual. ANR Publication 8208.
    16. Ottman, M.J., Thompson,T., 2015. Fertilizing small grains in Arizona. University of Arizona factsheet AZ1346.
    17. Qaseem, S.M., Afridi, M.M.R.K., Samiullah, 1978. Effect of leaf-applied phosphorus on the yield characteristics of ten barley varieties. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 48,215-217.
    18. Reisenauer, H.M., Quick, J., Voss, R.E., 1976. Soil test interpretive guides. In: Reisenauer, H.M. (Ed.). Soil and Plant-Tissue Testing in California. University of California Cooperative Extension Bulletin 1879. pp. 38-40.
    19. Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, 2012. Guidelines for safe rates of fertilizer placed with the seed.
    20. Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, 2012. Phosphorus fertilization in crop production.
    21. Stark, J.C., Brown, B.D., 2003. Nutrient management. In: Robertson, L.D., Stark, J.C. (Ed.). Idaho Spring Barley Production Guide. University of Idaho Bulletin 742, 22-26.
    22. Tarkalson, David D., Brown, B., Kok, Hans, Bjorneberg, D.L., 2009. Irrigated small-grain residue management effects on soil chemical and physical properties and nutrient cycling. Soil Science 174, 303- 311.
    23. Thomason, W.E., Phillips, S.B., Warren, J.A., Alley, M.M., 2012. Winter hulless barley response to nitrogen rate and timing and foliar phosphorus. Journal of Plant Nutrition 35,225-234.
    24. Veseth, R., McDole, R., Engle, C., Comocil, J., 1989. Fertilizer band location for cereal root access. In: Pacific Northwest Conservation Tillage Handbook.
    25. Wallace, T., 1943. The diagnosis of mineral deficiencies in plants by visual symptoms. His Majesty’s Stationery Office, London.
    26. Weaver, J.E., 1926. Root Development of Field Crops. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York.
    27. Wysocki, D.J., Lutcher, D.A., Horneck, J.M., Petrie, S.E., 2005. Fertilizer guide: Winter wheat and spring grains in continuous cropping systems (low precipitation zone). FG 81-E. Oregon State University Cooperative Extension Service.
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    Potassium

    1. Aown, M., Raza, S., Saleem, M.F., Anjum, S.A., Khaliq, T., Wahid, M.A., 2012. Foliar application of potassium under water deficit conditions improved the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 22, 431-437.
    2. Brennan, R.F., Jayasena, K.W., 2010. Increasing applications of potassium fertilizer to barley crops grown on deficient sandy soils increased grain yields while decreasing some foliar diseases. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, 680-689.
    3. Brown, B., 2009. Irrigated Winter Barley. Idaho Nutrient Management, University of Idaho.
    4. California Plant Health Association, 2002. Western Fertilizer Handbook 9th edition. Interstate Publishers, Inc.
    5. Crozier, C., Heiniger, R., Weisz, R., 2013. Nutrient management for small grains. In Weisz, R. (Ed.). Small Grain Production Guide. North Carolina State University.
    6. Davis, J.G., Westfall, D.G., 2009. Fertilizing spring-seeded small grains. Colorado State University.
    7. Fageria, N.K., Barbosa Filho, M.P., Moreira, A., Guimarães, C.M., 2009. Foliar fertilization of crop plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition 32, 1044-1064.
    8. Fixen, P.E., Gelderman, R.H., Gerwing, J., Cholick, F.A., 1986. Response of spring wheat, barley and oats to chloride in potassium chloride fertilizers. Agronomy Journal 78, 664-668.
    9. Gardner, E.H., Jackson, T.L., Kronstad, W.E., 2000. Spring grains. Western Oregon: West of Cascades fertilizer guide. Oregon State University Extension Service.
    10. Gregory, P.J., Tennant, D., Belford, R.K., 1992. Root and shoot growth, and water and light use efficiency of barley and wheat crops grown on a shallow duplex soil in a Mediterranean-type environment. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, 555-573.
    11. Jackson, G.D., Kushnak, G.D., Benson, A.N., Skogley, E.O., Lund, R.E., 1991. Potassium response in no- till small grain production. Journal of Fertilizer Issues 8, 89-92.
    12. Jones Jr., J.B., 1998. Field sampling procedures for conducting a plant analysis. In: Kalra, Y.P. (Ed.). Handbook of Reference Methods for Plant Analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton. pp. 25-35.
    13. Jones, C., Jacobsen, J., 2009. Fertilizer Placement and Timing. Montana State University Extension 4449-11.
    14. McVay, K., Burrows, M., Jones, C., Wanner, K., Manalled, F., 2009. Extension Publication EB 0186 Montana Barley Production Guide. Montana State University.
    15. Mullison, W.R., Mullison, E., 1942. Growth responses of barley seedlings in relation to potassium and sodium nutrition. Plant Physiology 17, 632-644.
    16. Munier, D., Kearney, T., Pettygrove, G.S., Brittan, K., Mathews, M., Jackson, L., 2006. Fertilization of small grains. In: UC ANR (Ed.). Small Grain Production Manual. ANR Publication 8208.
    17. Reisenauer, H.M., Quick, J., Voss, R.E., 1976. Soil test interpretive guides. In: Reisenauer, H.M. (Ed.). Soil and Plant-Tissue Testing in California. University of California Cooperative Extension Bulletin 1879. pp. 38-40.
    18. Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, 2012. Potassium fertilization in crop production.
    19. Tarkalson, David D., Brown, B., Kok, Hans, Bjorneberg, D.L., 2009. Irrigated small-grain residue management effects on soil chemical and physical properties and nutrient cycling. Soil Science 174, 303- 311.
    20. Timm, C.A., Goos, R.J., Johnson, E., Sobolik, F.J., Stack, R.W., 1986. Effect of potassium fertilizers on malting barley infected with common root rot. Agronomy Journal 78, 197-200.
    21. Wallace, T., 1943. The diagnosis of mineral deficiencies in plants by visual symptoms. His Majesty’s Stationery Office, London.
    22. Weaver, J.E., 1926. Root Development of Field Crops. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York.
    23. Zheng, Y., Xianbin, X., Simmons, M., Zhang, C., Gao, F., Li, Z., 2010. Responses of physiological parameters, grain yield and grain quality to foliar applications of potassium nitrate in two contrasting winter wheat cultivars under salinity stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 173, 444-452.
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