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προοίμιον

Ἐφωδευμένης ἡμῖν ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν τῆς περὶ τὰ καθ̓ ὅλου συμπτώματα θεωρίας, ὡς προηγουμένης καὶ τὰ πολλὰ κατακρατεῖν δυναμένης τῶν περὶ ἕνα ἕκαστον τῶν ἀνθρώπων κατὰ τὸ ἴδιον τῆς φύσεως ἀποτελομένων, ὧν τὸ προγνωστικὸν μέρος γενεθλιαλογικὸν καλοῦμεν δύναμιν μὲν μίαν καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἀμφοτέρων τῶν εἰδῶν ἡγεῖσθαι προσήκει καὶ περὶ τὸ ποιητικὸν καὶ περὶ τὸ θεωρητικόν, ἐπειδήπερ καὶ τῶν καθ̓ ὅλου καὶ τῶν καθ̓ ἕνα ἕκαστον συμπτωμάτων αἰτία μὲν ἡ τῶν πλανωμένων ἀστέρων ἡλίου τε καὶ σελήνης κίνησις, προγνωστικὴ δὲ ἡ τῆς τῶν ὑποκειμένων αὐτῆς φύσεων τροπῆς κατὰ τὰς ὁμοιοσχήμονας τῶν οὐρανίων παρόδους διὰ τοῦ περιέχοντος ἐπιστημονικὴ παρατήρησις, πλὴν ἐφ̓ ὅσον ἡ μὲν καθολικὴ περίστασις μείζων τε καὶ αὐτοτελής, ἡ δ̓ ἐπὶ μέρους οὐχ ὁμοίως. ἀρχὰς δ̓ οὐκέτι τὰς αὐτὰς ἀμφοτέρων νομιστέον εἶναι, ἀφ̓ ὧν τὴν τῶν οὐρανίων διάθεσιν ὑποτιθέμενοι τὰ διὰ τῶν τότε σχηματισμῶν σημαινόμενα πειρώμεθα προγινώσκειν, ἀλλὰ τῶν μὲν καθολικῶν πολλάς, ἐπειδὴ μίαν τοῦ παντὸς οὐκ ἔχομεν: καὶ ταύτας οὐκ ἀπ̓ [p. 222] αὐτῶν τῶν ὑποκειμένων πάντοτε λαμβανομένας, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν περιεχόντων καὶ τὰς αἰτίας ἐπιφερόντων: σχεδὸν γὰρ πάσας ἀπό τε τῶν τελειοτέρων ἐκλείψεων καὶ τῶν ἐπισήμως παροδευόντων ἀστέρων ἐπισκεπτόμεθα: τῶν δὲ καθ̓ ἕνα ἕκαστον τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ μίαν καὶ πολλάς: μίαν μὲν τὴν αὐτοῦ τοῦ συγκρίματος ἀρχήν: καὶ ταύτην γὰρ ἔχομεν: πολλὰς δὲ τὰς κατὰ τὸ ἑξῆς τῶν περιεχόντων πρὸς τὴν πρώτην ἀρχὴν ἐπισημασίας συμβαινούσας, προηγουμένης μέντοι τῆς μιᾶς ἐνθάδε εἰκότως, ἐπειδήπερ αὐτὴ καὶ τὰς ἄλλας ἀποτελεῖ. τούτων δ̓ οὕτως ἐχόντων ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς πρώτης ἀρχῆς θεωρεῖται τὰ καθ̓ ὅλου τῆς συγκρίσεως ἰδιώματα, διὰ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων τὰ κατὰ καιροὺς παρὰ τὸ μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον συμβησόμενα κατὰ τὰς λεγομένας τῶν ἐφεξῆς χρόνων διαιρέσεις. Ἀρχῆς δὲ χρονικῆς ὑπαρχούσης τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων τέξεων φύσει μὲν τῆς κατ̓ αὐτὴν τὴν σποράν, δυνάμει δὲ καὶ κατὰ τὸ συμβεβηκὸς τῆς κατὰ τὴν ἀποκύησιν ἐκτροπῆς, ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν ἐγνωκότων τὸν τῆς σπορᾶς καιρὸν ἤτοι συμπτωματικῶς ἢ καὶ παρατηρητικῶς ἐκείνῳ μᾶλλον προσήκει πρός τε [p. 224] τὰ τοῦ σώματος καὶ τὰ τῆς ψυχῆς ἰδιώματα κατακολουθεῖν, τὸ ποιητικὸν τοῦ κατ̓ αὐτὸν τῶν ἀστέρων σχηματισμοῦ διασκεπτομένους. ἅπαξ γὰρ ἐν ἀρχῇ τὸ σπέρμα ποιόν πως γενόμενον ἐκ τῆς τοῦ περιέχοντος διαδόσεως, κἂν διάφορον τοῦτο γίνηται κατὰ τοὺς ἐφεξῆς τῆς σωματοποιήσεως χρόνους, αὐτὸ τὴν οἰκείαν μόνην ὕλην φυσικῶς προσεπισυγκρίνον ἑαυτῷ κατὰ τὴν αὔξησιν ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐξομοιοῦται τῇ τῆς πρώτης ποιότητος ἰδιοτροπίᾳ. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν μὴ γινωσκόντων, ὅπερ ὡς ἐπὶ πᾶν συμβαίνει, τῇ κατὰ τὴν ἐκτροπὴν ἀρχῇ καὶ ταύτῃ προσανέχειν ἀναγκαῖον, ὡς μεγίστῃ καὶ αὐτῇ καὶ μόνῳ τούτῳ τῆς πρώτης λειπομένῃ, τῷ δἰ ἐκείνης καὶ τὰ πρὸ τῆς ἐκτέξεως δύνασθαι προγινώσκεσθαι: καὶ γὰρ εἰ τὴν μὲν ἀρχὴν ἄν τις εἴποι, τὴν δ̓ ὥσπερ καταρχήν, τὸ μέγεθος αὐτῆς τῷ μὲν χρόνῳ γίνεται δεύτερον, ἴσον δὲ καὶ μᾶλλον τελειότερον τῇ δυνάμει, σχεδόν τε δικαίως ἐκείνη μὲν ἂν ὀνομάζοιτο σπέρματος ἀνθρωπίνου γένεσις, αὕτη δὲ ἀνθρώπου. πλεῖστά τε γὰρ τότε προσλαμβάνει τὸ βρέφος ἃ μὴ πρότερον, ὅτε κατὰ γαστρὸς ἦν, προσῆν αὐτῷ, καὶ αὐτὰ τὰ ἴδια μόνης τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεως, ὅ τε σωματώδης σχηματισμός: κἂν μηδὲν αὐτῷ δοκῇ τὸ κατὰ τὴν ἔκτεξιν περιέχον εἰς τὸ τοιῷδε εἶναι συμβάλλεσθαι, αὐτὸ γοῦν τὸ κατὰ τὸν οἰκεῖον τοῦ [p. 226] περιέχοντος σχηματισμὸν εἰς φῶς ἐλθεῖν συμβάλλεται, τῆς φύσεως μετὰ τὴν τελείωσιν πρὸς τὸ ὁμοιότυπον κατάστημα τῷ κατ̓ ἀρχὰς διαμορφώσαντι μερικῶς τῆν ὁρμὴν τῆς ἐξόδου ποιουμένης: ὥστ̓ εὐλόγως καὶ τῶν τοιούτων ἡγεῖσθαι δηλωτικὸν εἶναι τὸν κατὰ τὴν ἐκτροπὴν τῶν ἀστέρων σχηματισμόν, οὐχ ὡς ποιητικὸν μέντοι πάντως, ἀλλ̓ ὡς ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἔχοντα καὶ κατὰ φύσιν ὁμοιότατον τῇ δυνάμει τὸ ποιητικόν. Προθέσεως δὲ κατὰ τὸ παρὸν ἡμῖν οὔσης καὶ τοῦτο τὸ μέρος ἐφοδικῶς ἀναπληρῶσαι κατὰ τὸν ἐν ἀρχῇ τῆσδε τῆς συντάξεως ὑφηγημένον ἐπιλογισμὸν περὶ τοῦ δυνατοῦ τῆς τοιαύτης προγνώσεως, τὸν μὲν ἀρχαῖον τῶν προρρήσεων τρόπον τὸν κατὰ τὸ συγκρατικὸν εἶδος τῶν ἀστέρων πάντων ἢ τῶν πλείστων, πολύχουν τε ὄντα καὶ σχεδὸν ἄπειρον, εἴ τις αὐτὸν ἀκριβοῦν ἐθέλοι κατὰ τὴν διέξοδον, καὶ μᾶλλον ἐν ταῖς κατὰ μέρος ἐπιβολαῖς τῶν φυσικῶς ἐπισκεπτομένων ἢ ἐν ταῖς παραδόσεσι ἀναθεωρεῖσθαι δυναμένων, παραιτησόμεθα διά τε τὸ δύσχρηστον καὶ τὸ δυσδιέξοδον. τὰς δὲ πραγματείας αὐτὰς δἰ ὧν ἕκαστα τῶν εἰδῶν κατὰ τὸν ἐπιβληματικὸν τρόπον συνορᾶται καὶ τὰς κατὰ τὸ ἰδιότροπον καὶ ὁλοσχερέστερον τῶν ἀστέρων πρὸς ἕκαστα ποιητικὰς δυνάμεις ὡς ἔνι μάλιστα παρακολουθητικῶς τε ἅμα καὶ ἐπιτετμημένως [p. 228] κατὰ τὸν φυσικὸν στοχασμὸν ἐκθησόμεθα: τοὺς μὲν τοῦ περιέχοντος τόπους πρὸς οὓς ἕκαστα θεωρεῖται τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων συμπτωμάτων, καθάπερ σκοπὸν οὗ δεῖ καταστοχάζεσθαι, προυποτιθέμενοι, τὰς δὲ τῶν τοῖς τόποις κατ̓ ἐπικράτησιν τῶν συνοικειουμένων σωμάτων ποιητικὰς δυνάμεις, ὥσπερ ἀφέσεις βελῶν, κατὰ τὸ ὁλοσχερέστερον ἐφαρμόζοντες, τὸ δὲ ἐκ τῆς συγκράσεως τῆς ἐκ πλειόνων φύσεων περὶ τὸ ὑποκείμενον εἶδος συναγόμενον ἀποτέλεσμα καταλιπόντες, ὥσπερ εὐστόχῳ τοξότῃ, τῷ τοῦ διασκεπτομένου λογισμῷ. πρῶτον δὲ περὶ τῶν καθ̓ ὅλου διὰ τῆς κατὰ τὴν ἐκτροπὴν ἀρχῆς θεωρουμένων ποιησόμεθα τὸν λόγον κατὰ τὴν προσήκουσαν τῆς τάξεως ἀκολουθίαν: πάντων μέν, ὡς ἔφαμεν, τῶν φύσιν ἐχόντων διὰ ταύτης λαμβάνεσθαι δυναμένων, συνεργησόντων δὲ εἴ τις ἔτι περιεργάζεσθαι θέλοι πρὸς μόνα τὰ κατ̓ αὐτὴν τὴν σύγκρισιν ἰδιώματα καὶ τῶν κατὰ τὸν τῆς σπορᾶς χρόνον διὰ τῆς αὐτῆς θεωρίας ὑποπιπτόντων ἰδιωμάτων.

Manetho; W.G. Waddell; Ptolemy; F.E. Robbins. Claudius Ptolemy. F.E. Robbins. Harvard University Press; William Heinemann Ltd. Cambridge, Mass.; London. 1940. Keyboarding.

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    • E. T. Merrill, Commentary on Catullus, 36
    • E. T. Merrill, Commentary on Catullus, 67
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    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), SORA
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), SPOLE´TIUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), STU´RNIUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), SUANA
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), SUDERTUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), SUETRI
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), SULMO
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), SURRENTUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), SU´TRIUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TANE´TUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TARENTI´NUS SINUS
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TARQUI´NII
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TEA´NUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TEATE
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TE´LAMON
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TE´MESA
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TERGESTE
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), THU´RII
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TIBUR
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TICINUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TIFERNUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TIFERNUS
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TILAVEMPTUS
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TREBA
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TREBULA
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TREIA
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TRIDENTUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TRUENTUS
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TUDER
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TUFICUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TU´SCULUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), UMBRIA
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), URBS SALVIA
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), UXENTUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), VA´NNIA
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), VEDIANTII
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), VENETIA
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), VENUSIA
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), VERCELLAE
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), VERETUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), VERONA
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), VESTINI
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), VETULO´NIA
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), VICENTIA
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), VIRACELLUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), VOLATERRAE
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), VOLCEIUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), VOLCI
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), VOLSINII
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), VULTURNUM
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), ZEPHYRIUM PROMONTORIUM
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