Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buell, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Volume 4.

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[767]

Notes on the Union and Confederate armies.

In a statistical exhibit of deaths in the Union Army, compiled, (1885), under the direction of Adjutant-General Drum, by Joseph W. Kirkley, the causes of death are given as follows: Killed in action, 4142 officers, 62,916 men; died of wounds received in action, 2223 officers, 40,789 men, of which number 99 officers and 1973 men were prisoners of war; died of disease, 2795 officers and 221,791 men, of which 83 officers and 24; 783 men were prisoners; accidental deaths (except drowned), 142 officers and 3972 men, of which 2 officers and 5 men were prisoners; drowned, 106 officers and 4838 men, of which 1 officer and 6 men were prisoners; murdered, 37 officers and 483 men; killed after capture, 14 officers and 90 men; committed suicide, 26 officers and 365 men; executed by United States military authorities, 267 men; executed by the enemy, 4 officers and 60 men; died from sunstroke, 5 officers and 308 men, of which 20 men were prisoners; other known causes, 62 officers and 1972 men, of which 7 officers and 312 men were prisoners; causes not stated, 28 officers and 12,093 men, of which 9 officers and 2030 men were prisoners. Total, 9584 officers and 349,944 men, of which 219 officers and 29,279 men were prisoners. Grand aggregate, 359,528; aggregate deaths among prisoners, 29,498. Since 1885 the Adjutant-General has received evidence of the death in Southern prisons of 694 men not previously accounted for, which increases the number of deaths among prisoners to 30,192, and maks a grand aggregate of 360,222.

comparative statement of the number of men furnished Tiie United States Army and Navy, and of the deaths in the Army, 1861-5.

States, territories, etc.	Men furnished.	Aggregate of deaths.
White troops.	Sailors & marines.	Colored troops.	Total.
Alabama	2,576			2,576	345
Arkansas	8,289			8,289	1,713
California	15,725			15,725	573
Colorado	4,903			4,903	323
Connecticut	51,937	2,163	1,764	55,864	5,354
Dakota	206			206	6
Delaware	11,236	94	954	12,284	882
Dist. of Columbia	11,912	1,353	3,269	16,534	290
Florida	1,290			1,290	215
Georgia					15
Illinois	255,057	2,224	1,811	259,092	34,834
Indiana	193,748	1,078	1,537	196,363	26,672
Iowa	75,797	5	440	76,242	13,001
Kansas	18,069		2,080	20,149	2,630
Kentucky	51,743	314	23,703	75,760	10,774
Louisiana	5,224			5,224	945
Maine	64,973	5,030	104	70,107	9,398
Maryland	33,995	3,925	8,718	46,638	2,982
Massachusetts	122,781	19,983	3,966	146,730	13,942
Michigan	85,479	498	1,387	87,364	14,753
Minnesota	23,913	3	104	24,020	2,584
Mississippi	545			545	78
Missouri	100,616	151	8,344	109,111	13,885
Nebraska	3,157			3,157	239
Nevada	1,080			1,080	33
New Hampshire	32,930	882	125	33,937	4,882
New Jersey	67,500	8,129	1,185	76,814	5,754
New Mexico	6,561			6,561	277
New York	409,561	35,164	4,125	448,850	46,534
North Carolina	3,156			3,156	360
Ohio	304,814	3,274	5,092	313,180	35,475
Oregon	1,810			1,810	45
Pennsylvania	315,017	14,307	8,612	337,936	33,183
Rhode Island	19,521	1,878	1,837	23,236	1,321
Tennessee	31,092			31,092	6,777
Texas	1,965			1,965	141
Vermont	32,549	619	120	33,288	5,224
Virginia					42
Washington	964			964	22
West Virginia	31,872		196	32,068	4,017
Wisconsin	91,029	133	165	91,327	12,301
Indian Nations				13,530	1,018
Colored Troops			99,337	299,337	336,847
	2,494,592	101,207	178,975	2,778,304
Veteran Reserve Corps	1,672
U. S. Veteran Volunteers (Hancock's Corps）	106
U. S. Volunteer Engineers and Sharp-shooters	552
U. S. Volunteer Infantry	243
General and general staff-officers, U. S. Volunt'rs	239
Miscellaneous U. S. Volunt'rs (brigade bands, etc.)	232
Regular Army	5,798
Grand aggregate	4359,528

notes to the adjoining table.

Figures in the column of deaths, opposite names of States, represent only such as occurred among white troops (losses among colored troops and Indians being given at the foot of the table). The table does not indicate losses among sailors and marines.

The colored soldiers organized under the authority of the General Government and not credited to any State were recruited as follows: In Alabama, 4969; Arkansas, 5526; Colorado, 95; Florida, 1044; Georgia, 3486; Louisiana, 24,052; Mississippi, 17,869; North Carolina, 5035; South Carolina, 5462; Tennessee, 20,133; Texas, 47; Virginia, 5723.

There were also 5896 negro soldiers enlisted at large, or whose credits are not specifically expressed by the records.

The number of officers and men of the Regular Army among whom the casualties herein noted occurred is estimated at 67,000; the number in the Veteran Reserve Corps was 60,508; and in Hancock's Veteran Corps, 10,883.

The other organizations of white volunteers, organized directly by tlhe U. S. authorities, numbered about 11,000.

In 82 national cemeteries (according to the report of June 30th, 1888) 325,230 men are buried: 176,397 being known, and 148,833 unknown dead. These numbers include 1136 at Mexico City, most of whom lost their lives in the Mexican war; about 9500 Confederates; and about 8500 civilians. [768]

On the 13th of April, 1865, the Secretary of War ordered the enrollment discontinued. The work of mustering out volunteers began April 29th, and up to August 7th 640,806 troops had been discharged; on September 14th the number had reached 741,107, and on November 15th 800,963.

On November 22d, 1865, the Secretary of War reported that Confederate troops surrendered and were released on parole, as follows:

Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by General R. E. Lee	27,805
Army of Tennessee and others, commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston	31,243
General Jeff. Thompson's Army of Missouri	7,978
Miscellaneous paroles, Department of Virginia	9,072
Paroled at Cumberland, Maryland, and other stations	9,377
Paroled by General Edward M. McCook in Alabama and Florida	6,428
Army of the Department of Alabama, General Richard Taylor	42,293
Army of the Trans-Mississippi Department, General E. Kirby Smith	17,686
Paroled in the Department of Washington	3,390
Paroled in Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas	13,922
Surrendered at Nashville and Chattanooga, Tennessee	5,029
	174,223

The following table, made from official returns, shows the whole number of men enrolled (present and absent) in the active armies of the Confederacy:

	Jan. 1, 1862.	Jan. 1, 1863.	Jan. 1, 1864.	Jan. 1, 1865.
Army of Northern Va	84,225	144,605	92,050	155,772
Dep't of Richmond		7,820	8,494	16,601
Dep't of Norfolk	16,825
Dep't of the Peninsula	20,138
Dep't of Fredericksb'g	10,645
Dep't of N. C	13,656	40,821	9,876	5,187
Dep't of Miss. and E. La.	4,390	73,114	46,906	32,148
Dep't of S. C. and Ga	40,955	27,052	65,005	53,014
Dep't of Pensacola	18,214
Dep't of N. Orleans	10,318
Dep't of the Gulf		10,489	17,241	12,820
Western Dep't	24,784
Army of Tenn		82,799	88,457	86,995
Dep't of Ky	39,565
Dep't of East Tenn		18,768	52,821
Dep't of Northwest	4,296
Dep't of Western Va		10,116	18,642	7,138
Trans-Miss. Dep't	530,000	650,000	73,289	770,000
Aggregate	318,011	465,584	472,781	439,675

Very few, if any, of the local land forces, and none of the naval, are included in the tabular exhibit. If we take the 472,000 men in service at the beginning of 1864, and add thereto at least 250,000 deaths occurring prior to that date, it gives over 700,000. The discharges for disability and other causes and the desertions would probably increase the number (inclusive of the militia and naval forces) to over 1,000,000.

Northern writers have assumed that the Confederate losses equaled the Union losses; no data exist for a reasonably accurate estimate.

Fort Sumter at the close of the War. From a sketch made at the time.

the end.