MAEANDER
MAEANDER (Μαίανδρος: Meinder or Boyuk Meinder), a celebrated river in Asia Minor, has its sources not far from Celaenae in Phrygia (Xenoph. Anab. 1.2.7), where it gushed forth in a park of Cyrus. According to some (Strab. xii. p.578; Maxim. Tyr. 8.38) its sources were the same as those of the river Marsyas; but this is irreconcilable with Xenophon, according to whom the sources of the two rivers were only near each other, the Marsyas rising in a royal palace. Others, again, as Pliny (5.31), Solinus (40.7), and Martianus Capella (6. p. 221), state that the Maeander flowed out of a lake on Mount Aulocrene. Col. Leake (Asia Minor, p. 158, &c.) reconciles all these apparently different statements by the remark that both the Maeander and the Marsyas have their origin in the lake on Mount Aulocrene, above Celaenae, but that they issue at different parts of the mountain below the lake. The Mae<*>nder was so celebrated in antiquity for its numerous windings, that its name became, and still is, proverbial. (Hom. Il. 2.869; Hesiod, Hes. Th. 339; Hdt. 7.26, 30 Strab. xii. p.577; Paus. 8.41.3; Ov. Met. 8.162, &c.; Liv. 38.13; Senec. Herc. Fur. 683, &c., Phoen. 605.) Its whole course has a south-western direction on the south of the range of Mount Messogis. In the south of Tripolis it receives the waters of the Lycus, whereby it becomes a river of some importance. Near Carura it passes from Phrygia into Caria, where it flows in its tortuous course through the Maeandrian plain (comp. Strab. xiv. p.648, xv. p. 691), and finally discharges itself in the Icarian sea, between Priene and Myus, opposite to Miletus, from which its mouth is only 10 stadia distant. (Plin. l.c.; Paus. 2.5.2.) The tributaries of the Maeander are the ORGYAS, MARSYAS, CLUDRUS, LETHAEUS, and GAESON, in the north; and the OBRIMAS, LYCUS, HARPASUS, and a second MARSYAS in the south. The Maeander is everywhere a very deep river (Nic. Chonat. p. 125; Liv. l.c.), but not very broad, so that in many parts its depth equals its breadth. As moreover it carried in its waters a great quantity of mud, it was navigable only for small craft. (Strab. xii. p.579, xiv. p. 636.) It frequently overflowed its banks; and, in consequence of the quantity of its deposits at its mouth, the coast has been pushed about 20 or 30 stadia further into the sea, so that several small islands off the coast have become united with the mainland. (Paus. 8.24.5; Thuc. 8.17.) There was a story about a subterraneous connection between the Maeander and the Alpheius in Elis. (Paus. il. 5.2; comp. Hamilton, Researches, vol. i. p. 525, foll., ii. p. 161, foll.)[L.S]