I.the winter, winter time, rainy season (cf.: bruma, solstitium).
I. Lit.: aestatem autumnus sequitur, post acer hiemps fit, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 647 P. (Ann. v. 406 Vahl.): “solvitur acris hiems grata vice veris et Favoni,” Hor. C. 1, 4, 1: crudelis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 891 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.); “opp. to aestas,” Dig. 43, 20, 1, §§ “31 and 32: dies primus est veris in Aquario, aestatis in Tauro, autumni in Leone, hiemis in Scorpione,” Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; cf. id. ap. Col. 11, 2, 84; Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 125; 18, 25, 60, § 224 sq.: prodit hiems, sequitur crepitans hanc dentibus algor. Lucr. 5, 747: “hanc vim frigorum hiememque, quam nos vix hujus urbis tectis sustinemus, excipere,” Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 42: “summa,” Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 32: “gravissimā hieme,” Caes. B. C. 3, 8 fin.: “jamque hiems appropinquabat,” id. ib. 3, 9, 8: “initā hieme,” id. B. G. 3, 7, 1: “jam prope hieme confectā,” id. ib. 7, 32, 2: ante exactam hiemem, id. ib. 6, 1, 4: “hiems jam praecipitaverat,” id. B. C. 3, 25, 1: “modestia hiemis,” Tac. A. 12, 43: “bellum difficillimum gessit hieme anni,” in winter time, Suet. Caes. 35: “stridebat deformis hiems,” Juv. 4, 58: Arabes campos et montes hieme et aestate peragrantes, winter and summer, i. e. in all seasons, Cic. Div. 1, 42, 94.—In plur.: “confligunt hiemes aestatibus acres,” Lucr. 6, 373: “est ubi plus tepeant hiemes?” Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 15: “informīs hiemes reducit Juppiter, idem Summovet,” id. C. 2, 10, 15; 3, 1, 32: “in his locis maturae sunt hiemes,” Caes. B. G. 4, 20, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49: “seu plures hiemes, seu tribuit Juppiter ultimam,” years, Hor. C. 1, 11, 4: “post certas hiemes,” id. ib. 1, 15, 35; cf.: “sic multas hiemes atque octogensima vidit solstitia,” Juv. 4, 92.—Personified: Hiems , Ov. M. 2, 30; 15, 212; 4, 436; Verg. A. 3, 120.—
B. Transf. (mostly poet.).
1. Rainy, stormy weather, a storm, tempest: “imber Noctem hiememque ferens,” Verg. A. 5, 11; cf.: “non tam creber agens hiemem ruit aequore turbo,” id. G. 3, 470: “Juppiter horridus austris Torquet aquosam hiemem,” id. A. 9, 671; id. G. 1, 321; Hor. Epod. 2, 52; Ov. M. 11, 490; 521; 13, 709 al.—In plur., Val. Fl. 2, 22; Stat. S. 5, 1, 36.—In prose: “maritimos cursus praecludebat hiemis magnitudo,” Cic. Planc. 40 fin.: “qui (gubernator) navem ex hieme marique scopuloso servat,” Nep. Att. 10 fin.—
2. In gen., cold, chill; tempest, violence (poet.): “sic letalis hiems paulatim in pectora venit,” a deadly chill, Ov. M. 2, 827; cf. Mart. 2, 46, 7: “Vesuvinus apex et flammea diri Montis hiems,” the fiery tempest, Stat. S. 3, 5, 72; “so of Vesuvius: vix dum ignea montem Torsit hiems,” Val. Fl. 4, 508: “instamus jactu telorum et ferrea nimbis Certat hiems,” the iron storm, shower of weapons, Stat. Th. 5, 386.—
II. Trop.
1. Cold, storm (poet.): “ab illa Pessima (die) mutati coepit amoris hiems,” cold, Ov. H. 5, 34: “hiems rerum,” the storm of war, disturbance of war, Claud. B. Get. 151.—
2. Trouble, distress: “suae senectuti acriorem hiemem parat, quom illam inportunam tempestatem conciet,” Plaut. Trin. 2, 3, 7.
