I.sharp, pointed, piercing, and the like.
I. Prop., of the senses and things affecting them, sharp, dazzling, stinging, pungent, fine, piercing: “praestans valetudine, viribus, formā, acerrimis integerrimisque sensibus,” Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45. So,
a. Of the sight: “acerrimus sensus videndi,” Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357: “acres oculi,” id. Planc. 27: “splendor,” Lucr. 4, 304: “quidam colores ruboris acerrimi,” Sen. Q. N. 1, 14 al.—
b. Of the hearing: “voce increpet acri?” Lucr. 3, 953: “aurium mensura, quod est acrius judicium et certius,” Cic. de Or. 3, 47: “acrem flammae sonitum,” Verg. G. 4, 409: “acri tibiā,” Hor. C. 1, 12, 1.—
c. Of smell, Lucr. 4, 122: “exstinctum lumen acri nidore offendit nares,” id. 6, 792; cf. ib. 1216: “unguentis minus diu delectemur summa et acerrima suavitate conditis, quam his moderatis,” Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 99: “odor,” Plin. 12, 17, 40.—
d. Of taste: ut vitet acria, ut est sinapi, cepa, allium, Var. ap. Non. 201, 13: “acres humores,” sharp juices, Cic. N. D. 2, 23: “lactuca innatat acri stomacho,” an acid stomach, Hor. S. 2, 4, 59; cf. ib. 2, 8, 7: “dulcibus cibis acres acutosque miscere,” Plin. Ep. 7, 3 al.—
e. Of sensation in its widest extent: aestatem auctumnus sequitur, post acer hiems fit, sharp, severe, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 647 P. (Ann. v. 406 ed. Vahl.—cf. Lucr. 3, 20; 4, 261); and so Hor.: solvitur acris hiems, C. 1. 4, 1. —
B. Of the internal states of the human system, violent, sharp, severe, gnawing: “fames, Naev. ap. Prisc. l. l. (B. Punic. p. 18 ed. Vahl.): somnus, Enn. ap. Prisc. l. l. (Ann. v. 369): morbus,” Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119: “dolor,” Lucr. 6, 650: “sitis,” Tib. 1, 3, 77 al.
II. Of the states of mind: violent, vehement, passionate, consuming: mors amici subigit, quae mihi est senium multo acerrimum, Att. ap. Non. 2, 22: “acri ira percitus,” Lucr. 5, 400: cf. 3, 312; “6, 754 (on the contrary, 5, 1194: iras acerbas): acres curae,” Lucr. 3, 463, and Var. ap. Non. 241: “luctus,” ib. 87: “dolor,” Verg. A. 7, 291: “metus,” Lucr. 6, 1211; Verg. A. 1, 362: “amor,” Tib. 2, 6, 15: “acrior ad Venerem cupido,” Curt. 6, 5 al. (Among unpleasant sensations, acer designates a piercing, wounding by sharpness; but acerbus the rough, harsh, repugnant, repulsive.)—
B. Applied to the intellectual qualities, subtle, acute, penetrating, sagacious, shrewd: “acrem irritat virtutem animi,” Lucr. 1, 70: “acri judicio perpende,” id. 2, 1041: “memoria,” strong, retentive, Cic. de Or. 2, 87: “vir acri ingenio,” id. Or. 5; cf. id. Sest. 20 al. —
C. Applied to moral qualities.
1. In a good sense, active, ardent, eager, spirited, brave, zealous: “milites,” Cic. Cat. 2, 10: “civis acerrimus,” an ardent patriot, id. Fam. 10, 28: “defensor,” id. ib. 1, 1: “studio acriore esse,” id. de Or. 1, 21: “jam tum acer curas venientem extendit in annum rusticus,” Verg. G. 2, 405 al.—
2. In a bad sense, violent, hasty, hot, passionate, fierce, severe (very freq.): “uxor acerrima,” enraged, angry, Plaut. Merc. 4, 4, 56; Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 32: “dominos acres,” Lucr. 6, 63; Nep. Tim. 3, 5; cf. Bremi Nep. Eum. 11, 1. Also, of animals, Lucr. 4, 421; 5, 860; Verg. A. 4, 156; Hor. Epod. 12, 6; 2, 31; Nep. Eum. 11, 1. —
D. Of abstract things (mostly poet.), Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 32: “egestas,” Lucr. 3, 65: “poenas,” id. 6, 72: “impetus,” ib. 128; 392: “acerrimum bellum,” Cic. Balb. 6: “nox acerrima atque acerbissima,” id. Sull. 18: “acrius supplicium,” id. Cat. 1, 1; in Quint.: acres syllabae, which proceed from short to long, 9, 4.—Acer is constr. with abl., and also (esp. in the histt. of the silv. age) with gen., Vell. 1, 13; Tac. H. 2, 5 al.; cf. Ramsh. § 107, 6 note. With in, Cic. Fam. 8, 15; with inf., Sil. 3, 338.—Adv.: ācrĭter , sharply, strongly, vehemently, eagerly, zealously, etc., in all the signif. of the adj., Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 110; id. Ps. 1, 3, 39; Lucr. 6, 783; Cic. Tusc. 1, 30 al.—Comp., Lucr. 3, 54; 5, 1147; Hor. S. 2, 3, 92; Tac. A. 6, 45; 13, 3.—Sup., Cic. Fl. 11; id. Fam. 10, 28; 15, 4.—Also, ācre , Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 132, 25; App. M. 10, 32; and perh. Pers. 4, 34.
