A.“-βαλέω” Od.11.597: Ep. aor. 2 “ὑπειρέβαλον” Il.23.637:—throw over or beyond a mark, overshoot, “ὑπέρβαλε σήματα πάντων” Il.23.843; τόσσον παντὸς ἀγῶνος (sc. σήματα) ὑπέρβαλε ib.847; δουρὶ ὑ. Φυλῆα beat him in throwing with it, ib.637.
2. ὅτε μέλλοι ἄκρον [λόφον] ὑπερβαλέειν force the stone over the top, Od. l.c.
3. intr., run beyond, overrun the scent, of hounds, X.Cyn.6.20.
5. Med., throw a stone over one's head, SIG1071 (Olympia).
II. in various metaph. senses:
1. outdo, excel, surpass, overpower, “δέδοικα μὴ πρὶν πόνοις ὑπερβάλῃ με γῆρας” E.Fr.453.5 (lyr.): c. gen., Pi.Fr.33; “βροντῆς ὑπερβάλλοντα κτύπον” A.Pr.923.
2. go beyond, exceed, “μήτ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ὑπερβάλλων βοὸς ὁπλὴν μήτ᾽ ἀπολείπων” Hes.Op.489; “ὑ. πόσιος μέτρον” Thgn.479; “τὴν τοῦ μετρίου φύσιν” Pl.Plt.283e; “ὑ. τὰ ἱκανά” X.Hier.4.8: of Time, “ὑ. ἑκατὸν ἔτεα” exceed 100 years, in age, Hdt.3.23; ὑ. τὰς τρεῖς ἡμέρας delay longer than . . , Hp.VC14; ὑ. τὸν χρόνον exceed the time, i. e. be too late, X.HG5.3.21; ὑ. τὸν καιρόν exceed reasonable bounds, Democr.235, D.23.122: in number, intensity, etc., “ἡδοναὶ ὑ. λύπας” Pl.Lg.734b, cf. Prt.356b (Pass.): c. dat. modi, exceed one in . . , “πάντας ἀνθρώπους τόλμῃ καὶ μιαρίᾳ” X.HG7.3.6; “ἅπαντας ἀνθρώπους ὠμότητι” D.18.275: abs., “ὑ. πρὸς ἀρετήν” Pl.Lg.945c.
b. c. gen. pro acc., “ἆρα λύπῃ ὑ. τὸ ἀδικεῖν τοῦ ἀδικεῖσθαι;” Id.Grg.475c, cf. Lg.734a; “ὑ. τῆς συμμετρίας” Arist.Pol.1284b8, cf. HA503b22.
3. abs., exceed, αἱ μέσαι ἕξεις πρὸς μὲν τὰς ἐλλείψεις ὑπερβάλλουσι compared with their defects are in excess, Id.EN1108b17; exceed all bounds, A. Pers.291, E.Ba.785, Th.7.67, Pl.Tht.180a; οὐχ ὑπερβαλών keeping within bounds, Pi.N.7.66; “μή νυν ὑπέρβαλλ᾽, ἀλλ᾽ ἐναισίμως φέρε” E. Alc.1077: c. dat. modi, “ὑ. τῇ μοχθηρίᾳ” Ar.Pl.109; “ἀδυναμίᾳ τοῦ δοξάσαι” Pl.Tht.192c, cf. X.Mem.4.3.7; “ἀνοίᾳ” D.8.16.
b. freq. in part. ὑπερβάλλων, ουσα, ον, exceeding, excessive, “ὑ. δαπάνη” X.Hier.11.2; ἡδονή, ἔπαινοι, Pl.R.402e, Phdr.240e; “θεάματα ταῖς δαπάναις ὑ.” Isoc.4.45, cf. Pl.Lg.899a; οἱ ὑπερβάλλοντες, opp. οἱ καταδεέστεροι, Isoc.9.13; “τὰ ὑ.” an over-high estate, E.Med.127 (anap.); “φεύγειν τὰ ὑ. ἑκατέρωσε” extremes, Pl.R.619a; τὸ ὑ. αὐτῶν such part of them as goes beyond that, Th.2.35; οἱ ὑ. [λόγοι], title of work by Thrasymachus (Fr. 7), perh. overpowering arguments.
4. overbid or outbid at auction, “ἀλλήλους” Lys.22.8, POxy.1633.5 (iii A. D.); τὸ ὑπερβάλλον the overbid, PPetr.3p.195 (iii B. C.): abs., go on further and further, in making offers, προέβαινε τοῖσι χρήμασι ὑπερβάλλων he went on bidding more and more, Hdt.5.51; “ᾔτει τοσαῦτα ὑπερβάλλων” Th.8.56, cf. And.1.133:— Pass., “ἕνεκα τοῦ-βεβλῆσθαι τὴν οἰκίαν” POxy.513.25 (ii A. D.); v. infr. B. 1.3.
5. Adv. “ὑπερβαλλόντως” exceedingly, Pl.R.492b, Epicur. Nat.2.2, SIG685.36 (Crete, ii B. C.), Phld.Lib.p.7O., 2 Ep.Cor.11.23; written ὑπερβαλόντως in IG12(7).410.12 (Amorgos); opp. μετρίως, Isoc.1.28.
III. pass over, cross mountains, rivers, and the like , “πρῶνα” A.Ag.307; “κορυφάς” Id.Pr.722; “γῆς ὅρους” E.Or.443; “τὰς Ἄλπεις εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν” Str.7.2.3: c. gen., “θριγκοῦ τοῦδ᾽ ὑ. ποδί” E.Ion 1321 (where Dobree suggested θριγκοὺς τούσδ᾽): metaph., surmount, “τάσδ᾽ ὑ. τύχας” Id.Alc.795.
c. abs., cross over, “ἐς τὴν ἄνω Μακεδονίην” Hdt.8.137, cf. X.An.4.6.10; πρὸς τοὺς Θρᾷκας ib. 7.5.1; κατὰ λόφους τινάς ib.6.5.7.
2. of water, run over, beat over, c. gen., “ὑπερβάλλει δὲ θάλασσα ἀμφοτέρων τοίχων” Thgn.673; of rivers, overflow, “τὰς ἀρούρας” Hdt.2.111: abs., of a kettle, boil over, Id.1.59; of the sea, “ἢν δ᾽ ὑπερβάλῃ . . πόντος” E.Tr.691.
3. of the sun, to be very hot, Hdt.4.184.
4. exceed, i. e. overlap, a base, Euc.6.29; cf. ὑπερβολή IV.—Note, the case that follows is almost always the acc.; the gen. occurs in a few exceptional instances, v. supr. 11.2 b, 111.1 and 2.
B. Med., with pf. Pass., = A. 11, outdo, overcome, conquer, τινα Hdt.5.124, Ar.Eq.758 (lyr.), Nu.1035; “τὴν βασιλέος δύναμιν” Hdt.8.24; “μάχῃ ὑ. τινά” E.Or.691; “φίλτροις ὑ. τινά” S.Tr.584, cf. Ar.Eq. 413: abs., to be conqueror, Hdt.6.9, 7.168.
2. exceed, surpass, τινα D.19.342, etc.; “τοὺς ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνος” OGI542.11 (Ancyra, ii A. D.); “πάντας τῷ ὕψεϊ καὶ τῷ μεγάθεϊ” Hdt.2.175, cf. 110; “τινὰ ἀναιδείᾳ” Ar. Eq.409; θωπείαις ib.890; “εἴς τι” Pl.Criti.115d; “ἔν τινι” Str.1.1.2.
b. “δόσι χρημάτων ὑ.” surpass all, Hdt.1.61; “ἀρετῇ” Id.9.71; ὑπερβαλλόμενος πλήθεϊ with overpowering numbers, Id.3.21: pf. part. Pass., ὑπερβεβλημένη γυνή an excellent, surpassing woman, E.Alc.153; “φύσις ὑπερβεβλ.” Pl.R.558b; “ταφῆς τῆς μὲν ὑπερβεβλ., τῆς δὲ ἐλλειπούσης” Id.Lg.719d: c. gen., “γόγγροι τῶν παρ᾽ ἡμῖν ὑπερβεβλ. κατὰ τὸ μέγεθος” Str.3.2.7.
II. put off, postpone, “τὴν ἀπόδοσιν” Hdt.4.9; “τὴν συμβολήν” Id.9.45; “εἰς ἄλλον καιρόν” Phld.Rh.1.223S.; but ἢν ὑπερβάλωνται ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν . . συμβολὴν μὴ ποιεύμενοι if they let that day pass without fighting, Hdt.9.51: abs., delay, linger, Id.3.71,76, 7.206; “εἰς αὖθις ὑπερβαλέσθαι” Pl.Phdr.254d, cf. Arist.Rh.Al. 1420a8, 1438b6.