A.now, both of the present moment, and of the present time generally, οἳ ν. βροτοί εἰσιν mortals of our day, Il.1.272 ; so in Ion. and Att., οἱ ν. [ἄνθρωποι] men of the present day, Hdt.1.68 ; “οἵ γε ν.” Pi.O.1.105, B.5.4, cf. Arist.Metaph.1069a26 ; ὁ ν. τρόπος, τὸ ν. βαρβαρικόν, Th.1.6 ; Βοιωτοὶ οἱ ν. ib.12 ; “ὁ ν. παρὼν χρόνος” S.Tr.174, al., Pl.Prm.141e ; “ἡμέρα ἡ ν.” S.OT351 ; “νὺξ ἡ ν.” Id.Ant.16 ; “ἡ ν. ὁδός” Id.El.1295 ; “τὸ ν.” the present, Arist.Ph.218a6, al. ; “ἀπὸ τοῦ ν.” Pl.Prm.152c, LXXGe.46.30, etc. ; “ἀπὸ ν.” AP5.40 (Rufin.) ; “ἕως τοῦ ν.” LXXGe.46.34 ; μέχρι ν. (v.l. μ. τοῦ ν.) D.S.17.110 ; τὰ ν. simply, = ν., Hdt.7.104, E.Heracl.641, etc. ; “τό περ ν.” Pi. N.7.101 ; “τὰ δὲ ν.” S.OC133 (lyr.) ; “τὸ ν. εἶναι” Pl.R.506e, X.Cyr.5.3.42, Arist.Ath.31.2 ; “τὸ ν. ἔχον” Act.Ap.24.25.
2. of the immediate past, just now, but now, “ν. Μενέλαος ἐνίκησεν” Il.3.439, cf. 13.772, Od. 1.43, S.OC84, X.Cyr.4.5.48 ; “ν. γοῦν ἐπεχείρησας” Pl.R.341c ; “ἡλίκα ν. ἐτραγῴδει” D.18.13.
3. of the future, presently, “ν. αὖτ᾽ ἐγχείῃ πειρήσομαι” Il.5.279, cf. 20.307, Od.1.200 ; “ν. φεύξομαι, τόθ᾽ ἁγνὸς ὤν” E.El.975 ; cf. νῦν δή, νυνί.
4. sts. opp. to what might have been under other circumstances, as it is (or was), as the case stands (or stood), as a matter offact, “ν. δ᾽ ὁ μὲν ὣς ἀπόλωλε” Od.1.166 ; “εἰ μὲν ὑπώπτευον, οὐκ ἂν . . ἐποιούμην: ν. δὲ κτλ.” Th.4.126, cf. 1.122, 3.113, Pl. Cra.384b, D.18.195, etc. ; καὶ ν. even so, X.An.7.4.24,7.7.17.
5. coupled with other Particles, “τὰ ν. γε” S.Ph.245, etc. ; “ν. γε μάν” Pi. P.1.50 ; ν. δή, v. h. v. : with other expressions of Time, ν. . . σήμερον, ν. ἡμέρη ἥδε, Il.7.29, 13.828 ; “ν. ἤδη” henceforth, S.Ant.801 (anap.), etc. ; “ν. . . ἄρτι” but now, Pl.Cra.396c.
II. enclit. (but see below) νυν, νυ. [νυ only Ep., Boeot., and Cypr. (also Arc. in ὅνυ, q. v.) ; νυ^ν twice in Hom., Il.10.105, 23.485 : υ_^ in Trag. (υ_ A.Th.242,246, S.Ant.705, E.Or.1678, etc. ; υ^ S.Tr.92, E.Andr.91, etc.), υ_ in Com. (Ar.V.1381, Pl.975, al.), exc. Cratin.144, Ar.Th.105 (lyr., citing Agatho), and perh. Nu.141 ; both quantities in τοίνυν, q.v.]
2. in Ep. mostly as a particle of emphasis, “ἧκε δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ Ἀργείοισι κακὸν βέλος: οἱ δέ νυ λαοὶ θνῇσκον” Il.1.382, etc. : freq. coupled with other Particles or Conjs., “ἦ ῥά ν.” 4.93 ; “καί νύ κεν” 3.373 ; οὔ ν., μή νύ τοι, 10.165, 1.28 ; ἐπεί νύ τοι ib.416 ; “ὥς νύ περ” 2.258.
3. in commands or entreaties, “μή ν. μοι νεμεσήσετ᾽” 15.115 : freq. with other Advbs., δεῦρό ν. come now ! 23.485 ; “ἐνταῦθά ν. ὕβριζε” A.Pr.82, cf. Ar.Th.1001, V.149, Pl.724 ; “εἶά ν.” Id.Pax467, V.430, Pl.316 : freq. with imper., φέρε ν. ib.789 ; “ἄγε ν.” Id.Pax1056, V.381 ; “σπεῦδέ ν.” Id.Pl.414 ; “σίγαν.” S.Aj.87, Cratin.l.c. ; “περίδου ν.” Ar.Nu.644, cf. X.Cyr.5.3.21, etc. ; “ὕφαινέ ν.” B.18.8 ; so in Boeot., “ν. ἔνθω” IG7.3172.88 (Orchom.) ; also in Cypr. with opt. in commands, δυϝάνοι ν., δώκοι ν., Inscr.Cypr.135.6,16 H. (Idalion).
4. in questions, τίς ν. ; τί ν. ; who, what, why now? Il.5.373, 1.414,4.31 ; ἦ νυ . . ; Od.6.125. [In signf. I always perispom. In signf. II perispom. exc. when short, Hdn.Gr.2.39, al. ; enclit. when short, sts. in codd., as Il.23.485 (Pap. in AJP21.304, etc. ; oxyt. when = δή, Tyrannioap.Hdn.Gr.2.27 ; καθ᾽ ὁμαλισμόν or κατ᾽ ἔγκλισιν when=δή, Sch.Ar.Pl.414, Sch. A.R. 1.664). In codd. usu. perispom. in both senses, A.Pr.82, Th.242, 246, S.Ant.705,El.324, Ar.Pl.414, V.758,922, etc. ; even νυ^ν is written νῦν in codd. vett. Pi. passim, also in S.Aj.87, Tr.92, etc. ; hence νυν may freq. be restored where the sense requires it. The accent of τοίνυ_^ν perh. shows that both νυ^ν and νυ_ν could be enclitic.—Position : in signf. I νῦν can occupy any position ; in signf. II it prefers (like other enclitics, but also like ἄν, δέ, γάρ, etc.) the second place in the sentence, e.g. “πρός νύν σε πατρός” S.Ph.468, cf. OC1333 ; “ἀπό νύν με λείπετ᾽ ἤδη” Id.Ph.1177 (lyr.) ; “μετά νυν δός” E.Supp.56 (lyr.) ; νυ (always enclitic) precedes other enclitics and allows only δέ to precede.] (Cf. Skt. nú, n[umacracute], nūnám, OE. nū 'now', etc.)
