[457] Ζεὺς καταχθόνιος is a unique title in H., but we have “Ζεὺς χθόνιος” in Hesiod Opp. 465, where he is coupled with Demeter, and Soph. O. C. 1606; and there was a cult of him in Corinth (Paus.ii. 2. 8) and Mykonos. Compare the phrases “Ζεὺς ἄλλος” and “τὸν πολυξενώτατον Ζῆνα τῶν κεκμηκότων”, quoted from Aischylos. “Ζεὺς χθόνιος” is a favourite name in the Orphic poems and Nonnos. The name seems to imply a different set of myths from that general in H. — a theogony in which one Zeus is the god of heaven, earth, and underworld alike, and is worshipped in all these different aspects (cf. Paus. loc. cit.), instead of being differentiated into three gods. ἐπαινή occurs only as an epithet of Persephone, and only in this book and “κ” and “λ” in Hom. Od. (also Hes. Theog. 768Hes. Theog., 774). It is apparently = “αἰνή”, terrible, though some explained it “ἧι αἶνος ἔπεστι”, bepraised, a hypocoristic epithet like “ἀγαυή” and “ἁγνή” of the same goddess.
