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2. For Sicily three thousand soldiers were enrolled because all the best troops that province used to have [p. 371]had been transported to Africa. Furthermore,1 because it had been decided to defend the sea-coast of Sicily with forty ships, in order to prevent any fleet from crossing over from Africa, Villius took with him thirteen new ships to Sicily, while the rest in Sicily were old ships repaired. [2] Placed in charge of this fleet, with his command continued, was Marcus Pomponius, praetor [3??] in the preceding year, who provided the ships with new soldiers brought from Italy. The same number of ships were by decree of the senate assigned, with the same [4??] extension of his command, to Gnaeus Octavius, who likewise had been praetor2 in the preceding year, in order to defend the coast of Sardinia. Lentulus, the praetor, was ordered to furnish two thousand soldiers for the ships. [5] As for the defence of the coast of Italy, since it was not known to what point the Carthaginians would send their fleet —while they seemed likely to attack any part of it that was left unguarded —that task with the same number of ships was entrusted to Marcus Marcius, praetor in the previous year. [6] Three thousand soldiers were enrolled by the consuls for that fleet in accordance with a decree of the senate, and two city legions for emergency duty. [7] The Spanish provinces were assigned by a decree of the senate to their veteran commanders, Lucius Lentulus and Lucius Manlius Acidinus with the armies and military authority. The Roman state was administered that year with a total of twenty legions and a hundred and sixty war-ships.3

[8] The praetors were ordered to go to their provinces, while the consuls were bidden, before their departure [p. 373]from the city, to conduct the great games which Titus4 Manlius Torquatus5 as dictator had vowed for the fourth year, if the state should remain as it was before. [9] And new religious fears were aroused in men's minds by portents reported from a number of places. On the Capitol ravens were believed not only to have torn away gilding with their beaks but even to have eaten it. At Antium mice gnawed a golden wreath. [10] The whole region around Capua was covered by an immense number of locusts, while there was no agreement as to whence they had come. At Reate a colt with five feet was foaled. [11] At Anagnia there were at first shooting-stars at intervals and then a great meteor blazed out.6 [12] At Frusino a halo7 encircled the sun with its slender circumference, and then the ring itself had a greater circle bright as the sun circumscribed about it. At Arpinum in an open meadow the earth settled into a huge depression. One of the consuls on sacrificing his first victim found the “head” of the liver lacking.8 [13] These prodigies were expiated by full-grown victims; the gods to whom sacrifices should be offered were announced by the college of the pontiffs.

1 B.C. 203

2 Octavius was really propraetor in 204 B.C., having been praetor in 205; XXVIII. xxxviii. 11, 13; XXIX. xiii. 5.

3 Including another fleet of 40 ships which sailed with Scipio to Africa; XXIX. xxvi. 3; below, xli. 7.

4 B.C. 203

5 Torquatus had made the vow 208 B.C., after presiding at the games vowed by Marcus Aemilius, praetor in 217 B.C.; XXVII. xxxiii. 8. They were actually postponed until 202 B.C.; below, xxvii. 11 f. Inclusive reckoning accounts for quintum.

6 For meteors see p. 258, n. 2. Cf. also Aeneid II. 694 ff.; Lucretius II. 206 ff.; Pliny N.H. II. 96.

7 Greek ἅλως = arcus in Pliny l.c. 98 (corona also and circulus); corona in Seneca N.Q. I. ii. 1 (area also ibid. § 3).

8 In divination the liver, being variable in form, was considered of great importance, particularly a protuberance known as the “head.” If the caput was large the omen was favourable (XXVII. xxvi. 14), if small or misshapen, unfavourable. Nothing was accounted more ominous than its absence (ibid. § 13); cf. Cicero de Div. II. 32 fin. and Pease's notes; VIII. ix. 1; George F. Moore, History of Religions I. 559.

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load focus Summary (English, Frank Gardener Moore, Professor Emeritus in Columbia University, 1949)
load focus Summary (Latin, W. Weissenborn, H. J. Müller, 1884)
load focus Summary (Latin, Frank Gardener Moore, Professor Emeritus in Columbia University, 1949)
load focus Latin (W. Weissenborn, H. J. Müller, 1884)
load focus Latin (Robert Seymour Conway, Stephen Keymer Johnson, 1935)
load focus English (Cyrus Evans, 1850)
load focus Latin (Frank Gardener Moore, Professor Emeritus in Columbia University, 1949)
load focus English (Rev. Canon Roberts, 1912)
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  • Commentary references to this page (13):
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 31-32, commentary, 31.14
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 31-32, commentary, 31.8
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 31-32, commentary, 31.9
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 31-32, commentary, 32.25
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 31-32, commentary, 32.9
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 33-34, commentary, 33.32
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 36.37
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 37.3
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 37.3
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 39-40, commentary, 39.54
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 39-40, commentary, 40.45
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 43-44, commentary, 43.13
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 43-44, commentary, 44.32
  • Cross-references to this page (15):
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Legio
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Locustarum
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Cn. Octavius
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, M. Pomponius Matho
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Pontifex
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Prodigia
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Terra
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Arpini
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Classis
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Eclipsis
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Hostias:
    • A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), CAPUT EX´TORUM
    • A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), LUDI
    • A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), VOTA PUBLICA
    • Smith's Bio, Matho, Pompo'nius
  • Cross-references in general dictionaries to this page (9):
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