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42. Thereupon the Carthaginian camp was removed to Munda,1 and the Romans promptly followed them thither. [2] There they fought in pitched battle for about four hours, and though the Romans were winning a brilliant victory, the signal for recall was given, because Gnaeus Scipio's thigh had been [p. 311]pierced by a light javelin, and fear that the wound2 might prove fatal had seized the soldiers around him. [3] But there was no doubt that, if this delay had not occurred, the Carthaginian camp could have been captured that day. Already not only soldiers but the elephants also had been driven even up to the wall, and just as they crossed the trenches thirty-nine elephants were struck down by heavy javelins. [4] In this battle also about twelve thousand men are said to have been slain, about three thousand captured, with fifty-seven military standards. The Carthaginians then retired to the city of Aurinx,3 and the Roman followed, to threaten men already terrified. [5] There Scipio again engaged, being carried into battle-line in a litter, and the victory was not to be questioned. Less than half as many of the enemy as before, however, were slain, because fewer men had survived to fight. [6] But, as Mago was sent by his brother to recruit soldiers, a race adapted by nature to renew wars and to make fresh preparations for them soon refilled the army and gave them the spirit to essay another conflict. [7] The soldiers were mostly Gauls,4 and they fought with the same spirit as their predecessors for the side which had been beaten so many times within a few days, and with the same result. [8] More than eight thousand men were slain, and not much less than a thousand captured, also fifty-eight military standards. And the spoils were largely Gallic, golden collars and armbands —a great number of them. Also two conspicuous princes of the Gauls —Moeniacoeptus and Vismarus were their names [p. 313] —fell in that battle. Eight elephants were captured,5 three slain.

[9] The situation in Spain being so favourable, the Romans came at last to be ashamed that the town of Saguntum, which was the cause of the war, had been by that time seven years6 in the power of the [10] enemy. Accordingly the Carthaginian garrison was driven out by force, and recovering the town the Romans restored it to its former inhabitants —such of them as the violence of war had [11] spared. And as for the Turdetani,7 who had brought on the war between Saguntum and the Carthaginians, they reduced them to subjection, sold them under the garland and destroyed their city.

1 Near Corduba. This is the first mention of Caesar's Munda; probably Montilla.

2 B.C. 214

3 Perhaps the same as Orongis, XXVIII. iii. 2.

4 From Celtic tribes already established in Spain, even in the southwest.

5 B.C. 214

6 Livy's own chronology would make it four complete years; XXI. vii. ff.; xv. 5; XXIV. ix. 7.

7 Cf. XXI. vi. 1. Better known is the tribe of the same name in southern Baetica.

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load focus Notes (W. Weissenborn, H. J. Müller, 1884)
load focus Summary (Latin, Frank Gardener Moore, Professor Emeritus in Columbia University, 1940)
load focus Summary (English, Frank Gardener Moore, Professor Emeritus in Columbia University, 1940)
load focus Summary (Latin, W. Weissenborn, H. J. Müller, 1884)
load focus English (D. Spillan, A.M., M.D., Cyrus Evans, 1849)
load focus English (Rev. Canon Roberts, 1912)
load focus Latin (W. Weissenborn, H. J. Müller, 1884)
load focus Latin (Frank Gardener Moore, Professor Emeritus in Columbia University, 1940)
load focus Latin (Robert Seymour Conway, Charles Flamstead Walters, 1929)
hide References (33 total)
  • Commentary references to this page (8):
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 31-32, commentary, 31.14
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 31-32, commentary, 31.41
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 33-34, commentary, 34.22
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 35.1
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 37.12
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 39-40, commentary, 39.6
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 39-40, commentary, 40.47
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, book 45, commentary, 45.18
  • Cross-references to this page (15):
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Mago
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Moenicaptus
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Munda
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Saguntum
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Tragula
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Turdetani
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Aurinx
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Civisrnarus
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Cn. Cornelius Scipio Calvus
    • Harper's, Munda
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), AURINX
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), MUNDA
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), SAGUNTUM
    • Smith's Bio, Hasdrubal
    • Smith's Bio, Mago
  • Cross-references in general dictionaries to this page (10):
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