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Wisconsin (Wisconsin, United States) (search for this): chapter 29
e of a Catholic in Ireland, from political considerations sanctioned on the Saint Chap. LII.} 1774. April. Lawrence the free exercise of the religion of the Church of Rome, and confirmed to the clergy of that Church their accustomed dues and rights. So far the act was merciful; but it extended the boundaries of the Government to the Ohio and the Mississippi, and over he vast region, which included, besides Canada, the area of the present States of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin, it decreed an arbitrary rule. The establishment of Colonies on principles of liberty is the peculiar and appropriated glory of England, Edmund Burke. rendering her venerable throughout all time in the history of the world. The office of peopling a Continent with free and happy commonwealths was renounced. The Quebec Bill which quickly passed the House of Lords, and was borne through the Commons by the zeal of the Ministry and the influence of the King, left the people who were to co
North Carolina (North Carolina, United States) (search for this): chapter 29
rchives, Angleterre, Tom. 502. The cause of liberty obtained in him a friend who was independent of party allegiance and traditions, just at the time when the passion for ruling America by the central authority was producing anarchy in the Colonies. In South Carolina, whose sons esteemed themselves disfranchised on their own soil by the appointment of strangers to every office, the Governor had for four years negatived every taxbill in the hope of controlling the appropriations. In North Carolina, the law establishing courts of justice had expired; in the conflict of claims of power between the Governor and the Legislature, every new law on the subject was negatived, and there were no courts of any kind in the Province. Martin to Dartmouth, 25 Dec. 1773. Quincy's Quincy, 121, 123. The most orderly and best governed part of Carolina was the self-organized Republic of Watauga, beyond the mountains, where the settlements were extending along the Holston, as well as south of the
Connecticut (Connecticut, United States) (search for this): chapter 29
eghanies; seating themselves on the New River and the Green Chap. LII.} 1774. Feb. Briar, on the branches of the Monongahela, or even making their way to the Mississippi; accepting from nature their title-deeds to the unoccupied wilderness. Connecticut kept in mind, that its Charter bounded its territory by the Pacific. Its daring sons held possession of the Wyoming Valley; and learned already to claim lands westward to the Mississippi, seven or eight hundred miles in extent of the finest cually future period, can exceed what it will then be. A commerce will and must arise, independent of every thing external, and superior to any thing ever known in Europe, or of which a European can have an adequate idea. Thus the statesmen of Connecticut pleased themselves with pictures of the happiness of their posterity; and themselves enjoyed a vivid vision of the glory of this New World. From letters written in February, 1774. Already the commerce of Philadelphia and New-York had outgro
Sweden (Sweden) (search for this): chapter 29
inistry and the influence of the King, left the people who were to colonize the most fertile territory in the world without the writ of Habeas Corpus to protect the rights of persons, and without a share of power in any one branch of the Government. In this manner Great Britain, allured by a phantom of absolute authority, made war on human freedom. The liberties of Poland had been sequestered, and its territory began to be parcelled out among the usurpers. The aristocratic privileges of Sweden had been swept away by treachery and usurpation. The Free Towns of Germany, which had preserved in that empire the example of Republics, were, like so many dying sparks that go out one after another. Venice and Genoa had stifled the spirit of indepen- Chap. LII.} 1774. April. dence in their prodigal luxury. Holland was ruinagainst ously divided against itself. In Great Britain the House of Commons had become so venal, that it might be asked, whether a body so chosen and so influenced
Venice (Italy) (search for this): chapter 29
er in any one branch of the Government. In this manner Great Britain, allured by a phantom of absolute authority, made war on human freedom. The liberties of Poland had been sequestered, and its territory began to be parcelled out among the usurpers. The aristocratic privileges of Sweden had been swept away by treachery and usurpation. The Free Towns of Germany, which had preserved in that empire the example of Republics, were, like so many dying sparks that go out one after another. Venice and Genoa had stifled the spirit of indepen- Chap. LII.} 1774. April. dence in their prodigal luxury. Holland was ruinagainst ously divided against itself. In Great Britain the House of Commons had become so venal, that it might be asked, whether a body so chosen and so influenced was fit to exercise legislative power even within the realm. If it shall succeed in establishing by force of arms its boundless authority over America, where shall humanity find an asylum? But this decay of t
North America (search for this): chapter 29
with him than forty-nine, just the number that had divided against the Stamp Act, while on the other side stood nearly four times as many. The repeal of the tea tax was never to be obtained, so long as the authority of Parliament was publicly rejected or opposed. With ten thousand regulars, said the creatures of the Ministry, we can march through the Continent. To bring Boston on its knees and terrify the rest of America by the example, Gage, the military Commander-in-Chief for all North America, was commissioned as the civil Governor of Massachusetts also, and was sent over with four regiments to enforce submission. He was directed to shut the port of Boston, and having as a part of his instructions the opinion of Thurlow and Wedderburn that acts of High Treason had been committed there, he was directed to take measures for bringing the ringleaders to condign punishment. Foremost among these, Samuel Adams was marked out for sacrifice as the chief of the revolution. He is the
East India (search for this): chapter 29
h the occupations of peace, a civil magistrate, covered with judicial purple and ermine that should have no stain of blood, with eyes broad open to the consequences, rose to take the guidance of the House out of the hands of the faltering Minister. What passed in Boston, said he, is the last overt act of High Treason, proceeding from our over lenity and want of foresight. It is, however, the luckiest event that could befall this country, for all may now be recovered. Compensation to the East India Company I regard as no object of the Bill. Shelburne to Chatham, 4 April, 1774; in Chatham's Corr. IV. 339. The sword is drawn, Life of Lord Mansfield in Almon's Biographical Anecdotes, i. 35. and you must throw away the scabbard. Speech of Barre, 2 May, 1774. Pass this Act, and you will be passed the Rubicon. Garnier to D'Aiguillon, 8 April. The Americans will then know that we shall temporize no longer; if it passes with tolerable unanimity, Chap. LII.} 1774. March Boston
Halifax (Canada) (search for this): chapter 29
transforming the trial by jury into a snare for the people, it intrusted the returning of juries to the dependent Sheriff. This Bill, too, notwithstanding the earnest resistance of Dunning, passed the Commons by a vote of more than three to one. A third penal measure, which had been questioned by Dartmouth, and recommended by the King, transferred the place of trial of any magistrates, Revenue officers, or soldiers, indicted for murder or other capital offence in Massachusetts Bay, to Nova Scotia King to Lord North, on Dartmouth's Scruples. or Great Britain. As Lord North brought forward this wholesale Bill of indemnity to the Governor and soldiers, if they should trample upon the people of Boston and be charged with murder, it was noticed that he trembled and Chap. LII.} 1774. April. faltered at every word; showing that he was the vassal of a stronger will than his own, and vainly struggled to wrestle down the feelings which his nature refused to disavow. If the people of
Quebec (Canada) (search for this): chapter 29
s of the English people against America, and courted their sympathy; as a consequence, the secrecy of the debates in Parliament came to an end; and this great change in the political relation of the Legislature to public opinion, was conceded by a Tory Government, seeking strength from popular excitement. The concession was irrevocable. A fourth measure legalized the quartering of troops within the town of Boston. The fifth statute professed to regulate the Government of the Province of Quebec. The nation which would not so much as legally recognise the existence of a Catholic in Ireland, from political considerations sanctioned on the Saint Chap. LII.} 1774. April. Lawrence the free exercise of the religion of the Church of Rome, and confirmed to the clergy of that Church their accustomed dues and rights. So far the act was merciful; but it extended the boundaries of the Government to the Ohio and the Mississippi, and over he vast region, which included, besides Canada, the
Florida (Florida, United States) (search for this): chapter 29
ry Act; and half the Rockingham party went with him. Rose Fuller opposed the Bill, unless the tax on tea were also Chap. LII.} 1774. March repealed. Pownall was convinced that the time was not proper for a repeal of the duty on tea. This is the crisis, said Lord North, who had by degrees assumed a style of authority and decision. The contest ought to be determined. To repeal the tea duty or any measure would stamp us with timidity. The present Bill, said Johnstone, late Governor of West Florida, must produce a Confederacy and will end in a general revolt. But it passed without a division, and very unfairly went to the Lords as the unanimous voice of the Commons. The King cheered his Minister on by sneers at the feebleness and futility of the Opposition. King to Lord North, 23 March, 1774. In the midst of the general anger, a book was circulating in England, on the interest of Great Britain in regard to the Colonies, and the only means of living in peace and harmony with
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