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Yorkshire (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 17
in a crucible or cistern, for the purpose of removing it in successive rondles or disks, instead of allowing it to congeal into a solid mass. Rose-copper is thus removed from the crucible of the refining-hearth, the disks being known as rosettes. Quench′ing–tub. （Blacksmithing.) The vessel in which the heated iron or steel from the forge is plunged, in order to cool or temper it. Quern. A hand-mill of the ancient pattern. See grinding-mill A Roman quern dug up in Yorkshire, England, about 1710, was found to be 20 inches in diameter. One stone was somewhat dished, and the other slightly conical. The face had a dress of notches. Quick–match. Cotton-wick is boiled in saltpeter and rain-water for 1 hour, alcohol is added to the mixture while warm, and it is simmered for 15 minutes. Mealed powder is then added, and the whole left for 24 hours. The cotton-wick is wound on a reel, and mealed powder sifted over it. It is then dried. Quick–re-turn′ Gear′
Hadley (United Kingdom) (search for this): chapter 17
reflecting quadrant, invented by Sir Isaac Newton, 1670. He communicated the invention to Dr. Halley, who failed to give it publicity, and it was reinvented by Godfrey of Philadelphia, and also by Hadley in England. An instrument constructed on Hadley's plan was submitted to the Royal Society in 1742, and from having been first made known by Hadley, the reflecting quadrant has been generally called Hadley's. This and all similar reflecting instruments are based on the fact that the angle beHadley's. This and all similar reflecting instruments are based on the fact that the angle between the first and last directions of a ray which has undergone two reflections in the same plane is equal to twice the inclination of the reflecting surfaces to each other. Such instruments, therefore, measure angles double the extent of their are, the degrees and subdivisions being halved; thus, the quadrant, having an arc of 45° only, measures angles up to 90°, the reflecting circle measures two circumferences, and the sextant, which has now largely superseded the quadrant at sea, having a
Europe (search for this): chapter 17
with and rotates in the hub of the machine. Upon the axle or shaft is adjusted the ring or bush, which is fitted with slots to receive and hold firmly the iron bands or straps; the object of which is to support and strengthen the basin. Within the basin is placed the ball which is to pulverize the ore. Fig. 4078. Gyrating-pan quartz-mill. Quay. A wharf projecting into a stream, harbor, or basin, to which vessels are moored for the purpose of receiving and delivering freight. In Europe, quays are generally formed by retaining walls of stone, supported by counterforts and backing; in this country, wood is generally em- ployed. The quays of Montreal are the best on the continent. See sea-wall, where the mode of construction of the New York harbor-quays is represented. See also floating-derrick. Fig. 4079 is a section and plan of a timber quay as constructed in England. English timber quay. The details and nomenclature are somewhat different in this country. S
Montreal (Canada) (search for this): chapter 17
or straps; the object of which is to support and strengthen the basin. Within the basin is placed the ball which is to pulverize the ore. Fig. 4078. Gyrating-pan quartz-mill. Quay. A wharf projecting into a stream, harbor, or basin, to which vessels are moored for the purpose of receiving and delivering freight. In Europe, quays are generally formed by retaining walls of stone, supported by counterforts and backing; in this country, wood is generally em- ployed. The quays of Montreal are the best on the continent. See sea-wall, where the mode of construction of the New York harbor-quays is represented. See also floating-derrick. Fig. 4079 is a section and plan of a timber quay as constructed in England. English timber quay. The details and nomenclature are somewhat different in this country. See wharf. Cast-iron piling has been successfully employed at Deptford and Blackwall, England. A quay occupies the same relation to a harbor that a wharf does t
Torun (Poland) (search for this): chapter 17
h the assistance of a little instrument for ascertaining the latitude. It consists of a little square board, with a string fast to the center, at the other end of which are certain knots. The upper edge of the board is held by one hand, so as to touch the north star, and the lower edge the horizon. Then the string is brought with the other hand to touch the tip of the nose, and the knot which comes in contact with the nose tells the latitude. A quadrant was constructed by Copernicus at Thorn in 1510. In 1590, Davis dispensed with the plumb and adapted the quadrant for use at sea. Previous to this the astrolabe and mariner's cross had been universally employed by seamen for determining the latitude; the longitude was derived from dead reckoning or guess-work. The telescope was adapted to the astronomical telescope by Picard. All these old forms were superseded for nautical purposes by the reflecting quadrant, invented by Sir Isaac Newton, 1670. He communicated the i
Heliopolis (Lebanon) (search for this): chapter 17
the obelisks of Thebes and Heliopolis. The modes of quarrying may have differed somewhat, according to the material and the position. One granite obelisk was broken after it was cut and before it was removed. From the size of the opening it would be impossible to turn the stone, which would require to be lifted bodily, like other stones removed from the same quarry. Bronze was the usual metal of the tools. The largest stones in any known building are those of the temple platform at Baalbek. The Egyptian mode of quarrying was by uncovering the stratum of stone, leveling the surface, and marking out an area sufficient to yield the amount of stone required. Around this was cut a deep trench, and cross-trenches at right angles divided the whole area into squares of such a size as was required. Layer after layer was then removed. Another mode was by working on a perpendicular face, forming a series of steps on the side of the mountain, from which the blocks were lowered by
Havre (France) (search for this): chapter 17
upies the same relation to a harbor that a wharf does to a river. Harbors and docks are provided with quays, and their construction involves some of the precautions incident to the building of jetties, sea-walls, retaining walls, etc. The quay, however, is not subjected to the violent action of the waves incident to the construction first mentioned and to breakwaters. The thrust of the soil is, perhaps, the greatest force tending to its destruction. The quay-wall of the outer harbor of Havre has a mean thickness equal to 0.40 of its hight, and batters on both sides by a series of steps. Rennie advised a curvilinear batter on both sides, laying the courses normally to the curve. This entails the necessity of using inclined piles, which introduces an element of insecurity. The face of the quay-wall forms the intrados of an arch and makes the ashlars mutually sustaining. Whether the latter advantage overbalance the detrimental effect of inclined piling is doubtful. Quay-wa
Almaden (Spain) (search for this): chapter 17
in contact with the face of the wheel, and connected therewith by a pin engaging in the slot; the velocity of the crank varies as the pin approaches or recedes from the center, supposing that of the wheel to be uniform. The end of the connecting-rod may be set at any point in the dovetail groove in the face of the crank-piece, for adjusting the length of stroke. Quick′sil-ver. See mercury. Quick′sil-ver–fur′nace. （Metallurgy.) Fig. 4083 illustrates the furnace employed at Almaden, Spain, for obtaining metallic mercury from cinnabar. A shows part of a chain of aludels, B is a vertical longitudinal section, and C a horizontal section of the furnace, the part x x being in plane. This consists of two upright cylindrical shafts a a′, separated by an arched space x x. The fire is made in the shaft a, and immediately over it is placed a quantity of sandstone containing a small proportion of cinnabar; over this is laid the richer ore, and the openings in the shaft are c
Plank (Pennsylvania, United States) (search for this): chapter 17
lery near the taffrail. Quar′ter–round. A plane used for molding framework. An ovolo. Quar′ter–round tool. （Wood-turning.) A chisel (b, Fig. 4066) for making concave moldings. They are right and left. Quar′ters. 1. (Carpentry.) Vertical scantling in wooden partitions, forming a foundation for lath and plastering. 2. a. The apartments assigned to officers and soldiers in a barrack. b. The stations of a ship company on duty. Quar′ter–stuff. （Carpentry.) Plank one quarter inch thick. Quar′ter–tim′ber. （Carpentry.) Scantling from 2 to 6 inches deep. Quar′to. （Printing.) A book formed by folding a sheet twice, making 4 leaves, 8 pages. The term, by modern usage, refers to a book of a nearly square form. The proportions vary according to the sizes of the sheets folded, but may be from 8 1/2 × 10 to 10 × 12, and probably both below and above said dimensions. Quartz–crush′er. A machine for breaking o
America (Netherlands) (search for this): chapter 17
ced in a holder. Quill pen. The quills of birds came into use as pens about the 6th century A. D., according to Isidore and others. (See pen.) We read of the use of quills of the swan, eagle, goose, duck, and crow. After the discovery of America the quills of the turkey were so used. This very American bird was absurdly named after the country of the Turks. The turkey-quill was perhaps the first whose nibs were furnished with metallic points. This was early in the present century. XXIII. See also Odyssey, VIII., XVII.). Sometimes a thong was passed around it to form a handle; in the Cabinet des Antiquites of Paris is preserved a discus with hole for the thumb and fingers. Pindar celebrates the skill of Castor and Iolaus in this exercise. In the British Museum is the famous statue of the discobolus in the act of throwing the discus. Quoit-pitching was a favorite pastime in England. Notices of it are found in 1453. The horseshoe is a common substitute in America.
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