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Piedmont, Va. (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 14
uthorities to go at once to the help of Beauregard. Just twenty-four hours had elapsed since Patterson's order to retreat, and the Union army was already at Charlestown. By nine o'clock on the morning of July 18th, Johnston's scouts brought him reports indicating clearly the actual situation. At noon of that day he had his whole effective force of nine thousand men on the march; at nightfall his advance passed through Ashby's Gap of the Blue Ridge; by eight o'clock on the 19th it was at Piedmont, the nearest station of the Manassas Gap Railroad, and embarking here in cars, seven regiments were in Beauregard's camp, at Manassas, that afternoon. Johnston himself, with another detachment, arrived at Manassas at noon of Saturday, July 20th; and most of the remainder of his force reached the battle-field of Bull Run in the nick of time to take a decisive part in that famous conflict, about three o'clock on Sunday, July 21st. It was these nine thousand men of Johnston's army which not
Swan Point (Maryland, United States) (search for this): chapter 14
amsport. But so leisurely were his preparations and advance, that the rebels had every knowledge of his coming; and when, on June 15th, he finally reached the Potomac River, he found, instead of the desperate resistance which had been looked for, that Johnston had hastily evacuated Harper's Ferry after destroying the railroad bridumped to the conclusion that that spot was a natural stronghold, a Gibraltar, a Thermopylae. Now, the single mountain-line called the Blue Ridge, crossing the Potomac River at Harper's Ferry, is as far from being a mountain stronghold as a straight line of picketfence across a brook is from being a block-house. John Brown was as General Scott withdrew the temporary reinforcements he had given Patterson to enable him to fight a battle, the latter once more retired to the north bank of the Potomac. For the moment military attention was directed elsewhere. McClellan was preparing his campaign in West Virginia; McDowell was strengthening the Federal occupat
Georgetown (West Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 14
f this assumption. There is no danger of attack in front, he wrote (May 26th), but the position is easily turned by crossing the river above or below. The present force is not sufficient for defence against a superior one attacking from the Virginia side. Relief, in case of investment, could not be furnished. Considered as a position, I regard Harper's Ferry as untenable against a strong enemy. We have outposts at the Point of Rocks, near the ferry at Williamsport, and the bridge at Shepherdstown, the extreme points being at least thirty miles apart. Two days later he repeated his statement, his engineer reporting that to hold this post, then, either as a fortress, a point d'appui, or as a condition of the defence of the Virginia Valley, we require a force of from twelve to fifteen thousand men. Lee did not relish the alternative; he sent him two additional regiments, and wrote him that the abandonment of Harper's Ferry would be depressing to the cause of the South. But John
Bunker Hill (West Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 14
epared to retire beyond striking distance if I should advance too far. To-morrow I advance to Bunker Hill preparatory to the other movement. If an opportunity offers, I shall attack; but, unless I con had moved from Martinsburg on July 15th, directly toward Johnston at Winchester, as far as Bunker Hill, within nine miles of the enemy. On the following day he ordered a slight reconnoissance. Utook his final decision: At one time, General Patterson had given an order to move from Bunker Hill to Winchester. He was very unwilling to leave Johnston, even at Winchester, without attacking him; and on the afternoon before we left Bunker Hill he decided to attack him, notwithstanding his strong force. Question. Behind his intrenchments? Answer. Yes, sir; it went so far that hi made up my mind to fight Johnston under all circumstances. That was the day before we left Bunker Hill. Then Colonel Porter asked to have Colonel Abercrombie and Colonel Thomas sent for and consu
Baltimore, Md. (Maryland, United States) (search for this): chapter 14
hiladelphia. After the Baltimore riot and the Maryland uprising, it became necessary to create the military Department of Pennsylvania, comprising Pennsylvania, Delaware, and part of Maryland, and Patterson was assigned to its command, with directions to co-operate in restoring Union authority in Maryland. Sundry joint military movements projected to accomplish this object, were happily soon rendered unnecessary by the rapid accumulation of troops at Washington, Butler's occupation of Baltimore, and the sweeping political reaction in Maryland. But, meanwhile, the rebels had established a strong camp at Harper's Ferry, and Patterson's close attention was thus very naturally transferred to that point. The three months troops could not be used in distant undertakings. Here, however, was a worthy enterprise at the very threshold of Pennsylvania, which, successfully prosecuted, would protect Maryland, relieve the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, encourage Virginia Unionists, and recov
Falling Waters (West Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 14
phasis to the suggestion by saying, I had expected your crossing the river to-day in pursuit of the enemy. But Patterson complained that Johnston outnumbered him, and clamored for reinforcements and batteries. Reinforcements and batteries were ordered to join him, and he was also informed of the intended movement on Manassas; upon which he again put on a bold front and crossed the Potomac at Williamsport, moving to Martinsburg, with sufficient opposition to bring on a smart skirmish at Falling Waters, the enemy retiring toward Winchester as he advanced. From this point, during the short time he yet remained in command, Patterson's military conduct becomes the subject of criticism and controversy. It is military usage-perhaps military necessity establishes the usage — that orders and directions from superior to subordinate officers are conveyed in brief words expressing or suggesting only the objects to be accomplished, and leaving methods largely at the discretion of him who has
Chambersburg, Pa. (Pennsylvania, United States) (search for this): chapter 14
s a worthy enterprise at the very threshold of Pennsylvania, which, successfully prosecuted, would protect Maryland, relieve the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, encourage Virginia Unionists, and recover lost prestige. Patriotic pride, political security, and military advantage seemed, to the minds of both Patterson and Scott, to present combined reasons for an early recapture of Harper's Ferry. For this purpose, Patterson, about the first of June, concentrated his available troops at Chambersburg, Pa., and on the third of that month issued an address to the regiments under his command, announcing that you will soon meet the insurgents. Orders from General Scott, however, held him back until strong reinforcements could be sent, and an important diversion organized to aid him; and while thus assisting, the General also admonished him to every prudence, reminding him that his expedition was well projected, and that success in it would be an important step in the war; but, there must b
Winchester, Va. (Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 14
received. We are twelve miles in advance of Winchester, he reported on the 17th; my only hope from this interim Johnston remained in camp about Winchester, pushing his picket-line close up to the Pone 25th, while he continues in force between Winchester and the Potomac. If you are in superior or at Falling Waters, the enemy retiring toward Winchester as he advanced. From this point, during rations so as to detain him in the valley of Winchester; but if he retreats in force toward Manassasow pretending to be engaged in fortifying at Winchester, but prepared to retire beyond striking distances, against the greatly superior force at Winchester, is most hazardous. Under these renewed mrg on July 15th, directly toward Johnston at Winchester, as far as Bunker Hill, within nine miles ofd given an order to move from Bunker Hill to Winchester. He was very unwilling to leave Johnston, even at Winchester, without attacking him; and on the afternoon before we left Bunker Hill he decided[4 more...]
Harper's Ferry (West Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 14
combined reasons for an early recapture of Harper's Ferry. For this purpose, Patterson, about thd for, that Johnston had hastily evacuated Harper's Ferry after destroying the railroad bridge and s be caught, more beneficial to our cause. Harper's Ferry has been retaken without firing a gun. ck to Washington. If the evacuation of Harper's Ferry was a mystery to Patterson, it was a plaint. Because the fanatic John Brown selected Harper's Ferry as the scene of his wild exploit, the publ Blue Ridge, crossing the Potomac River at Harper's Ferry, is as far from being a mountain strongholt the suggestion that he had recognized in Harper's Ferry a negro Thermopylae. This was apparent informed me distinctly that they regarded Harper's Ferry as a natural fortress, commanding the entr June 6th, that, though the abandonment of Harper's Ferry might be depressing to the cause of the Sonces to take care of themselves, destroyed Harper's Ferry on June 13th and 14th, and retired even be[7 more...]
Charles Town (West Virginia, United States) (search for this): chapter 14
adage that a council of war never fights, his officers had advised him that he was on a false line, and that he could most advantageously threaten Johnston from Charlestown. Accordingly, on July 12th, Patterson asked permission to transfer his forces to that line; while a dispatch from General Scott of the same date, in reply to aon well, and except in an extreme case do not recross the Potomac with more than a sufficient detachment for your supplies on the canal. Such a movement upon Charlestown, made promptly at that date and under the then existing conditions, might have been judicious. But Patterson's dispatches show that from this on he found nothie authorities to go at once to the help of Beauregard. Just twenty-four hours had elapsed since Patterson's order to retreat, and the Union army was already at Charlestown. By nine o'clock on the morning of July 18th, Johnston's scouts brought him reports indicating clearly the actual situation. At noon of that day he had his wh
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