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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Hudson River, discovery of the. (search)
ree, five, three, and two fathomes and an halfe. And then three, foure, five, sixe, seven, eight, nine and ten fathomes. And by twelve of the clocke we were cleere of all the inlet. Then we took in our boat, and set our mayne-sayle, and sprit-sayle, and our topsayles, and steered away east south-east, and south-east by east off into the mayne sea: and the land on the souther side of the bay or inlet did beare at noone west and by south foure leagues from us. The fifth was faire weather, and the wind variable betweene the north and the east. Wee held on our course south-east by east. At noone I observed and found our height to bee 39 degrees, 30 minutes. Our compasse varied sixe degrees to the west. We continued our course toward England, without seeing any land by the way, all the rest of this moneth of October: and on the seventh day of November, stilo novo, being Saturday, by the grace of God we safely arrived in the range of Dartmouth, in Devonshire, in the yeere 1609.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Jackson, James 1757-1806 (search)
Jackson, James 1757-1806 Military officer; born in Devonshire, England, Sept. 21, 1757; removed to Savannah, Ga., in 1772; studied law; entered the military service; and was brigade-major of the Georgia militia in 1778. He took part in the defence of Savannah; and, when the British seized it at the close of 1778, he fled to South Carolina, where he joined General Moultrie. His appearance was so wretched while in his flight, that he was arrested, tried, and condemned as a spy, and was about to be executed, when a reputable citizen of Georgia, who knew him, saved him. Jackson fought a duel James Jackson. in March, 1780, with Lieutenant-Governor Wells, killing his antagonist, and being severely wounded himself. He joined Col. Elijah Clarke, and became aide to Sumter. With Pickens he shared in the victory at the Cowpens. He afterwards did good service as commander of a legionary corps, and was presented with a dwelling in Savannah by the Georgia legislature. In 1786 he was ma
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Plymouth Company. (search)
ee; but they obtained a charter from the King, Nov. 3, 1620, known as the Great patent, and the popular name of the association was changed to The council of Plymouth. By the new charter all North America, from lat. 40° to 48° N., excepting places possessed by any Christian prince or people, was granted in full property, with exclusive rights of jurisdiction, settlement, and traffic, to forty wealthy and influential persons, incorporated as The Council established at Plymouth, in the County of Devon, for the Planting, Ruling, Ordering, and Governing of New England, in America. The line between the London and Plymouth colonies was nearly coincident with that between the late slave-labor and free-labor States. But that powerful organization was not permitted to make the first permanent English settlement within its domain; it was done by a handful of feeble liberty-loving people fleeing from persecution in England. The pretences of the council to an exclusive right of fishing on t
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Prideaux, John 1718- (search)
Prideaux, John 1718- Military officer; born in Devonshire, England, in 1718; a son of Sir John Prideaux; entered the army, and was appointed captain in 1745, colonel in 1758, and brigadier-general in 1759. Intrusted with the duty of reducing Fort Niagara, he led a strong force against it, and during a siege he was instantly killed by the bursting of a cannon, July 19, 1759.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Raleigh, Sir Walter 1552- (search)
Raleigh, Sir Walter 1552- Navigator; born in Hayes, Devonshire, England, in 1552; Sir Walter> Raleigh educated at Oxford; and at the age of seventeen went as a soldier to France to assist the Huguenots. He afterwards fought in the Netherlands, and returning to England found that his half-brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, had just obtained a patent for establishing a plantation in America. Raleigh joined him, and they sailed for the Western Continent in 1579, but were turned back by the loss of one ship and the crippling of the others in a fight with Spanish cruisers. After serving in the suppression of a rebellion in Ireland, he was admitted to the Court of Queen Elizabeth, who conferred honors upon him. These favors were won by his gallantry in spreading his scarlet cloak over a miry place for the Queen to walk upon. Through his influence he obtained another patent for Gilbert, and they again proposed to sail for America. Accident kept Raleigh at home, but Gilbert sailed fr
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Ross, Robert 1814- (search)
Ross, Robert 1814- Military officer; born in Ross Trevor, Devonshire, England; served as an officer of foot in Holland and in Egypt; was in the campaign in Spain under Sir John Moore, and commanded a brigade in the battles of Vittoria and the Pyrenees. He commanded the troops sent against Washington in August, 1814, and was successful; but attempting to cooperate with the British fleet in an attack on Baltimore, in September, he was slain near North Point, Md., Sept. 12, 1814, while riding towards that city, chatting gayly with an aide-de-camp. See Baltimore.
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
-principle, having chillediron hubs. Axle-tree clamp. Ax′le-tree clamp. A tool for giving the proper pitch to a new axlespindle, or for straightening one which is bent. Ax′minster Car′pet. A carpet with a flax or jute chain and a woolen or worsted filling which is formed into a pile. The patent Axminster carpet, as made at Glasgow, is made first as a woven fringe, which is afterwards adapted to a thick flax backing. The carpet is named from the town of Axminster, Devonshire, England, where the manufacture was formerly carried on. It has been discontinued at that place. It is of the Turkey variety. The linen chain or warp is placed perpendicularly between two rolls or beams, one of which carries the warp, and the other the finished carpet. Small tufts or bunches of different colored worsted or woolen are tied to or fastened under the warp; and when one row of these tufts has been completed, a linen weft thread is thrown in and firmly rammed down. Another row o<
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
inlaid with copper, was found by Layard at Nimroud. Sheet-copper was made in ancient Egypt, Hesiod speaks of the third generation of men who had arms of copper, houses of copper, who plowed with copper, and the black iron did not exist. In the Homeric poems, knives, spear-points, and armor were still made of copper. The process of reducing copper ore depends upon its character. Swansea, in South Wales, has the principal part of the work, ores being brought there from Cornwall, Devonshire, Spain, South America, Australia, Africa, and the United States, and there they are smelted and refined. See copper-furnace. The Mansfield (Prussian Saxony) process consists in roasting the calcareous ore to expel the sulphur and oxidize the metal; the ore is then smelted in a cupola, the slag and molten metal being drawn at two tap-holes into separate cisterns. The matte, combined sulphurets of iron and copper, is repeatedly roasted, and the resulting sulphate of copper removed by l
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), D. (search)
ses were used in the South Foreland light in 1752, and in the Portland light, England, in 1789. The system fell into disfavor, owing to certain mechanical difficulties in the construction and arrangement of the lenses. It was revived and improved by Fresnel about 1810, and has been generally adopted throughout France and Holland, and partially in England. It is considered superior to the catoptric, and was readopted in England in 1834, being placed in the Lundy Island Lighthouse, Devonshire, England. The Fresnel dioptric lamp consists of a mechanical, four-wicked oil-lamp, placed in the center of an octagonal glass prism; the center part of each of the sides being formed of a plano-convex lens of about 15 inches diameter, which is surrounded by a series of glass rings of a spherical triangular form, so as to produce the same effect upon the rays as is produced by the central lens. Allan Stevenson, Arago, and Faraday are credited with improvements in the details. Fresnel's
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
at they were acquainted with the principles of hydraulics. Portable fountain. Among the most remarkable fountains are the Fon- tana di Trevi at Rome, constructed for Pope Clement XII. in 1735; the Fontana Paolina, erected for Pope Paul V. in 1612; the Fontana della Acqua Felice, or Fountain of Moses. The fountains of Versailles, made for Louis XIV., and the Jet d'eau of St. Cloud, are much admired. The fountains of Chatsworth, in Derbyshire, England, the residence of the Duke of Devonshire, are particularly grand; as are also those of the Crystal Palace at Sydenham, near London. Cincinnati is also proud of a fountain made in Germany, and of a very Teutonic aspect. 2. The beer fountain, as it is called, used for drawing liquors in a tavern bar from barrels in the cellar, by means of a force-pump, is the invention of Bramah, and was patented by him. Soda-fountain. 3. A copper vessel A (Fig. 2086) containing aerated water for a beverage. It is used in connection with
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