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e administration of the colonies. Assuming larger powers than had ever been exercised by any of his predecessors except Halifax, It appears, upon Mr. Townsbend's entry upon his office, the board of trade did notify their appointment to all the Ameeady to applaud the new colonial system, to which he had long ago become a convert.—There was the weak and not unamiable Halifax, so long the chief of the American administration, heretofore baffled by the colonies, and held in check by Pitt; willins the Second, in attempting the introduction of what was called order into the New World, had employed the prerogative. Halifax and Townshend, in 1753, had tried to accomplish the same ends by the royal power, and had signally failed. It was now s other moment than Townshend's short career as first lord of trade. Compare, further, the letter of Governor Bernard to Halifax, of 9 November, 1764, where the idea of these constitutional alterations is most fully developed, and where it is said,
im the lie, applied Grenville, in Knox's Considerations on the Present State of the Nation. 48. to the CHAP. VI.} 1763. April. ministry for the protection to which every Englishman had a right. How to proceed became a question. Grenville, Grenville's Speeches in the House of Commons, 16 December, 1768, and 3 February, 1769, in Wright's Cavendish Debates, i. 110, 160. as a lawyer, knew, and declared that general warrants were illegal; but conforming to long established precedents, Halifax, as one of the secretaries of state, issued a general warrant for the arrest of all concerned in a publication which calm judgment Mahon's History of England, IV. pronounces unworthy of notice, but which all parties at that day branded as a libel. Wilkes was arrested; but on the doubtful plea that his privilege as a member of parliament had been violated, he was set at liberty by the popular Chief Justice Pratt. The opponents of the ministry hastened to renew the war of privilege again
has any property or common sense must approve, and which every English subject ought to require of an English administration. Thus did the old subordinate of Halifax with supercilious frankness publish the views which the majority of the cabinet and Charles Townshend boldly advocated, and which Grenville dared not openly resisn district, each with its brigadier, beside a commander-in chief for the whole; and on the morning of Wednesday, the sixth of February, Welbore Ellis, Ellis to Halifax, War Office, 7 Feb. 1765. A. and W. I. 251. Halifax to the Governor of East Florida, 9 Feb. 1765. Secretary of War, who, at the request of Halifax, had taken thHalifax to the Governor of East Florida, 9 Feb. 1765. Secretary of War, who, at the request of Halifax, had taken the king's pleasure on the subject, made known his intention, that the orders of his commander-in-chief, and under him of the brigadiers general commanding in the northern and southern departments, in all military matters, should be supreme, and be obeyed by the troops as such in all the civil governments of America. In the absence,
manifest want of confidence in his ministers roused their jealousy, and when they received his orders to prepare a bill for carrying his design into effect, they thought to fix in the public mind their hostility to Bute and win popularity by disqualifying the princess dowager. To this end, in the choice of the regent, the king was to be restrained to the queen or any other person of the royal family. He approved the minute entirely, not knowing that, in the opinion of Bedford, Grenville, Halifax and Sandwich, his own family did not include his mother. At the request chap. XII.} 1765. April. of the duke of Cumberland, the king, again without consulting his four ministers, gave directions, that his uncle and his brothers, five in all, should be specially designated as fixed members of the council. This they refused to approve; and yielded to his wishes only on condition that he should renounce the privilege which he had reserved of appointing four others To Grenville he refused
en mistaken. The laws of Carolina, though planned by Shaftesbury and Locke, were found impracticable, and are now grown obsolete. The Romans planted colonies to increase their power; we to extend our commerce. Let the regiments in America, at Halifax, or Pensacola, embark at once upon the same destination, and no intervening accident disappoint the expedition, what could be effected against colonies so populous, and of such magnitude and extent? The colonies may be ruined first, but the distress will end with ourselves But Halifax, Sandwich, Gower, even Temple, Lyttelton, and Bedford, firmly supported the amendment of Suffolk. Protection, without dependence and obedience, they joined in saying, is a solecism in politics. The connection between Great Britain and her colonies is that of parent and child. For the parent not to correct the undutiful child would argue weakness. The duty to enforce obedience cannot be given up, because the relation cannot be destroyed.