convention which drew up the constitution of Massachusetts in 1780, and was a member of the committee which drafted that document.
It was through his urgency that the clause all men are born free and equal was inserted.
In 1783 the State Supreme Court decided that his position respecting slavery was legal and the institution was abolished in Massachusetts.
He died in Roxbury, Mass., May 6, 1802.
Philanthropist; born in Boston, May 11, 1799; was educated in Edinburgh and at Harvard College until 1815, when he was compelled to travel for the improvement of impaired health.
A fine scholar, the inheritor of a large fortune, he indulged his passion for travel and books, after being engaged a few years in commercial life.
He bequeathed $250,000 for the maintenance forever in Boston of an annual course of free lectures on a variety of subjects, and on this was established the Lowell Institute, which began its work in the winter of 1839-40.
He died in Bombay, India, March 4, 1836.
Wales.
At the poor-house of St. Asaph he gave a dinner to the children, and told them that what success he had attained in life he owed to the education received there.
Returning to the United States, he was engaged in 1868, by the proprietor of the New York Herald to accompany the British expedition to Abyssinia, as correspondent.
In the fall of 1869 he was commissioned by the proprietor of the Herald to find Dr. Livingstone.
After visiting several countries in the East, he sailed from Bombay (Oct. 12, 1870) for Zanzibar, where he arrived early in January, 1871, and set out for the interior of Africa (March 21), with 192 followers.
He found Livingstone (Nov. 10), and reported to the British Association Aug. 16, 1872, and in 1873 he received the patron's medal of the Royal Geographical Society.
He was commissioned by the proprietors of the New York Herald and the London Telegraph to explore the lake region of Central Africa.
He set out from the eastern coast in November, 1874,
over 2,700 women's clubs, having a membership of 200,000 women in the United States and foreign countries.
The purpose of the federation is declared in its articles of incorporation to be to bring into communication with one another the various women's clubs throughout the world, that they may compare methods of work and become mutually helpful.
Constitutions of clubs applying for membership should show that no sectarianism or political test is required, and, while the distinctively humanitarian movements may be recognized, their chief purpose is not philanthropic or technical, but social, literary, artistic, or scientific culture.
Meetings of the federation are held biennially.
There are thirty State federations auxiliary to the general federation, and 595 single clubs in forty-one States.
Several clubs from foreign countries are members of the federation—the Pioneer Club, of London; Woman's Club, of Bombay; and Educational Club, of Ceylon; clubs in Australia, South America, et
consequence, been much diminished.
The fire in her furnaces, like that of the fire-worshipping Persian, had never been permitted to go out, except for a few hours at rare intervals, to enable the engineer to clink his bars, and remove the incrustations of salt from the bottoms of his boilers.
This constant action of fire and salt had nearly destroyed them.
I resolved, therefore, to turn my ship's head westward from Singapore, run up into the Bay of Bengal, along the coast of Hindostan to Bombay, through the Seychelle Islands to the mouth of the Red Sea, thence to the Comoro Islands; from these latter to the Strait of Madagascar, and from the latter Strait to the Cape of Good Hope—thus varying my route back to the Cape.
We were received with great cordiality by the people of Singapore, and, as at the Cape of Good Hope, much curiosity was manifested to see the ship.
After she had hauled alongside of the coaling wharf, crowds gathered to look curiously upon her, and compare her a
of Ceylon, and hauled up on the coast of Malabar, we captured on the 14th of January, the Emma Jane, of Bath, Maine, from Bombay, bound to Amherst.
Having removed from her such articles of provisions as we required, and transferred her crew to the Aporation in these seas is enormous.
It has been stated, on the authority of the Secretary of the Geographical Society of Bombay, that it has been found in the Bay of Bengal to exceed an inch daily.
From having too little water during the winter monome a great desert, and its two hundred millions of inhabitants perish.
We captured on board the last prize a batch of Bombay newspapers—large dailies, edited with ability, and filled with news from all parts of the world.
It is the press, more tne only needed to look at the long columns of these immense dailies, filled with advertisements, to realize the fact that Bombay was a bee-hive, containing its three hundred thousand inhabitants.
We were, indeed, in the midst of a great empire, of w
tion.
i is a metallic disk with radial slots and corresponding numbers.
The strap is so rove through the slots as to give the required indication.
Bag′ga-la.
（Nautical.) A two-masted Arabian vessel, frequenting the Indian Ocean.
A dhow. The capacity is from 200 to 250 tons.
Bag′ging.
（Fabric.) 1.
A coarse fabric made of old ropes, hemp, etc., for covering cotton-bales.
2. The gunny-cloth of India is made from jute.
In Bengal, from one or two species of Corchorus; in Bombay and Madras, from the Crotalaria juncea.
Bag-hold′er.
A contrivance to hold up a bag with the mouth open ready for filling.
There are many forms, — some adapted for large grain-bags, others of a smaller size for flour, seeds; still smaller, for ordinary groceries and counter use.
a has a platform on which the sack stands, and its weight spreads the horns within and distends the mouth of the sack.
b has a holder adjustable as to hight, and a hopper to which the mouth of the
wing-machine.
Cen′ter-sec′ond.
A term applied to a watch or clock in which the second-hand is mounted on the central arbor and completes its revolution in one minute.
It is more easily read than the ordinary second-hand traversing in its own small dial.
The beat of the second-hand may be seconds, or fractions of a second.
In the original form it beat with the balance, a third of a second at a beat.
The largest center-second clock known to the writer is the turret-clock for the Bombay Harbor Board, which indicates hours, minutes, and seconds upon a dial 8 1/2 feet in diameter.
The center-second hand measures 6 1/2 feet in length, and its end has a motion of 5 inches per second, acquiring a momentum which has been overcome by a series of sixty levers, so arranged that the second-hand rests in one of them at each beat; the point of the hand being so contrived that when it rests upon a lever it is detained there, and can get neither backwards nor forwards until the clock-wo
der the wales, and thinned to correspond with the thickness of the bottom plank.
Ding-dong.
（Horology.) A striking arrangement in which two bells of different tones are used and struck in succession to mark the quarter-hours.
Dinged-work.
Work embossed by blows which depress one surface and raise the other.
See chasing.
Din′gy.
1. A row-boat of the Hoogly, which probably gave the name to the little jolly-boat of the merchant-service, mentioned below.
2. A boat of Bombay, propelled by paddles, and having one mast and a settee-sail.
3. An extra boat of a ship for common uses.
It is clinker-built, from 12 to 14 feet long, and has a beam one third of its length.
Di-op′ter.
An ancient altitude, angle, and leveling instrument; said to have been invented by Hipparchus.
Dioptra.
Di-op′tric light.
The dioptric system of lighting, used in lighthouses, as distinguished from the catoptric, which is by reflectors.
Refraction instead of reflection.
d the Rhone glacier, Canton Valais, Switzerland.
The winding road is shown in the view, climbing up a spur of the mountain, which is immediately west of Mt. St. Gothard.
See also views in Lippincott's magazine, Vol.
VIII. p. 324; and London Engineer, Vol.
XXXII., 1871, p. 233.
The longest inclined plane on an artificial road is said to be that from Lima to Callao, which is about 6 miles, and has a descent of 511 feet, or about 1 in 60.
The ascent from the Konkan, or flat country of Bombay, by the Western Ghauts to the table-land of the Deccan, is known as the Bhore Ghaut incline, in which the railway rises from the plain 2,000 feet in a series of steps 16 miles in length.
The Righi Railway in Switzerland rises by a locomotive of peculiar form 1,170 feet in traversing 4,700.
The boiler, furnace, and carriage are inclined so as to present a level floor on the slope.
The inclined plane or railway of Mt. Washington is familiar to many tourists.
In this connection the fo
ing magnetic observations, taking a large number in the course of his extensive travels and explorations, and calling the attention of the scientific world to the mode and importance of so doing.
Observatories, provided with magnetometers and meteorological instruments, and with apparatus for ascertaining the time and true meridian, are now working in concert in many distant stations: Berlin, Paris, Freiburg, Greenwich, Gottingen, Montreal, Melbourne, Cape Town, St. Helena, Simla, Madras, Bombay, Singapore, and probably many other places.
It is understood that the observations are made at the same instant of absolute time.
Each day is divided into 12 equal periods of 2 hours each, termed the magnetic hours.
The mean time at Gottingen is adopted; a tribute to the energy and skill of M. Gauss of the observatory in that city.
Mr. Brooke's system of photographic registry is adopted throughout.
Magnet-o-mo′tor.
A voltaic series of two or more large plates which produce a
