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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 22 0 Browse Search
Historic leaves, volume 2, April, 1903 - January, 1904 4 0 Browse Search
Varina Davis, Jefferson Davis: Ex-President of the Confederate States of America, A Memoir by his Wife, Volume 1 2 0 Browse Search
H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia. 2 0 Browse Search
George Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, Major-General United States Army (ed. George Gordon Meade) 2 0 Browse Search
Frank Preston Stearns, Cambridge Sketches 2 0 Browse Search
Laura E. Richards, Maud Howe, Florence Howe Hall, Julia Ward Howe, 1819-1910, in two volumes, with portraits and other illustrations: volume 1 2 0 Browse Search
George P. Rowell and Company's American Newspaper Directory containing accurate lists of all the newspapers and periodicals published in the United States and territories, and the dominion of Canada, and British Colonies of North America, together with a description of the towns and cities in which they are published: description of towns and cities. (ed. George P. Rowell and company) 2 0 Browse Search
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 5, 13th edition. 2 0 Browse Search
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Varina Davis, Jefferson Davis: Ex-President of the Confederate States of America, A Memoir by his Wife, Volume 1, Chapter 11: the Black Hawk War. (search)
Chapter 11: the Black Hawk War. The events of this period, called the Black Hawk War, have become so shrouded in the mists of time that a short statement of the causes will not seem inappropriate. The name Sauke, now abbreviated to Sac, means yellow earth; Musquakee, now Fox, red earth. These two warlike tribes eventually became amalgamated; they were originally from the St. Lawrence River. The Foxes first settled at Green Bay, and the river near which they made their abode still bears their name. There they sustained a signal defeat by the united forces of the friendly Indians and French troops, and the slaughter was so great that the hill on which the engagement took place has ever since been called the Butte des Morts. This was modified by an old frontier settler, Mrs. Arndt, into Betty Mores. From this and various other causes the two tribes were so depleted that they joined forces, and, though still keeping their community independence, became practically one trib
H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia., Chapter 2: Strategy.—General divisions of the Art.—Rules for planning a Campaign.—Analysis of the military operations of Napoleon (search)
especially when strengthened by natural and artificial obstacles, such as chains of mountains, rivers, lines of fortresses, &c., are regarded as permanent lines of defence. The Alpine range between France and Piedmont, with its fortified passes; the Rhine, the Oder, and the Elbe, with their strongly-fortified places; the Pyrenees, with Bayonne at one extremity and Perpignon at the other; the triple range of fortresses on the Belgian frontier — are all permanent lines of defence. The St. Lawrence river is a permanent line of defence for Canada; and the line of lake Champlain, the upper St. Lawrence, and the lakes, for the United States. Temporary lines of defence are such as are taken up merely for the campaign. Napoleon's position in Saxony, in 1813; the line of the allies in Belgium, in 1815; the line of the Marne, in 1814, are examples of temporary lines of defence. It will be seen from these remarks that lines of defence are not necessarily bases of operation. Strategic
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cartier, Jacques 1494-1555 (search)
cross, upon which he hung the arms of France. Turning southward, he followed the west coast of Newfoundland to Cape Race. Then he explored the Bay of Chaleurs, landed in Gaspe Bay, held friendly intercourse with the natives, and induced a chief to allow two of his sons to go with him to France, promising to return them the next year. There, also, he planted a cross with the French arms upon it, and, sailing thence northeast across the Gulf of St. Lawrence, entered the branch of the St. Lawrence River north of Anticosti Island. Unconscious of having discovered a magnificent river, he turned and sailed for France to avoid the autumn storms, and arrived at St. Malo on Sept. 5, 1534. Encouraged by the success of this voyage, the King placed Cartier in command of three ships, which left St. Malo at the middle of May, 1535, bearing some of the young nobility of France. Separated by storms, they met at the appointed rendezvous, in the Strait of Belle Isle, in July, and sailed up the
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Colonial settlements. (search)
achusetts, by permission of the Plymouth Company (see Plymouth Company). They built a town and called it New Plymouth; they organized a civil government and called themselves Pilgrims. Others came to the shores of Massachusetts soon afterwards, and tile present foundations of the State of Massachusetts were laid at Plymouth in 1620 (Pilgrim fathers). In 1622 the Plymouth Company granted to Mason and Gorges a tract of land bounded by the rivers Merrimac and Kennebec, the ocean, and the St. Lawrence River, and fishermen settled there soon afterwards. Mason and Gorges dissolved their partnership in 1629, when the former obtained a grant for the whole tract, and laid the foundations for the commonwealth of New Hampshire (q. v.). King James of England persecuted the Roman Catholics in his dominions, and George Calvert, who was a zealous royalist, sought a refuge for his brethren in America. King James favored his project, but died before anything of much consequence was accomplished.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Great Lakes and the Navy, the. (search)
the most eligible route is through the several Great Lakes and their intermediate channels and the proposed Niagara ship canal (Tonawanda to Olcott) to Lake Ontario. From Lake Ontario the Canadian seaboard can be reached by the way of the St. Lawrence River, while the American seaboard can be reached by way of the St. Lawrence River, Lake Champlain and the Hudson River, or by way of the Oswego-OneidaMohawk Valley route and the Hudson River. 3. That while our policy of canal building should St. Lawrence River, Lake Champlain and the Hudson River, or by way of the Oswego-OneidaMohawk Valley route and the Hudson River. 3. That while our policy of canal building should contemplate the ultimate development of the largest useful capacity, and all work should be planned on that basis, at the same time it is practicable to develop the work in separate sections, each step having its economic justification. The Niagara ship canal should first be undertaken, and incidentally the broadening and deepening of the intermediate channels of the lakes. Such then is a brief resume of this important industrial movement and its collateral engineering undertakings. From
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Joint high commission. (search)
privy council of Canada, and attorney-general of that province; and Montague Bernard, Professor of International Law in Oxford University. The commissioners first met in Washington, Feb. 27, 1871. Lord Tenterden, secretary of the British commission, and J. C. Bancroft Davis, assistant Secretary of State of the United States, were chosen clerks of the Joint High Commission. The commissioners of the United States were instructed to consider: (1) the fisheries; (2) the navigation of the St. Lawrence River; (3) reciprocal trade between the United States and the Dominion of Canada; (4) the Northwest water boundary and the island of San Juan; (5) the claims of the United States against Great Britain for compensation for injuries committed by Confederate cruisers; (6) claims of British subjects against the United States for losses and injuries arising out of acts committed during the Civil War. A treaty was agreed to, and was signed May 8, 1871, which provided for the settlement, by arbitr
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Lacrosse. (search)
Lacrosse. There is no doubt that this game is of Indian origin. It was first seen by Europeans when the French explored the territory along the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes, in the seventeenth century. Among the Algonquian Indians the game was not merely a recreation, but a training school for young warriors, and they played it on the grassy meadows in the summer time and on the ice in winter. They used a ball of stuffed skin, and a bat like a hickory stick with a net of reindeer hide attached to the curved part of it. The best-known Indian name of the game was baggataway. Its present name was given to it by the French settlers of Canada, because of the similarity of the stick used in the game, in shape, to a bishop's crosier. Lacrosse was adopted as a game by the white residents of Canada about 1830, but it did not gain much popularity till about 1860, when the Montreal Lacrosse Club was organized. The game was first played in England in 1867, when a gentleman o
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Massachusetts, (search)
and early in 1689 the men of Boston imprisoned Andros, reinstated the old government, and sent the ex-royal governor to England (Andros, Sir Edmund). In the intercolonial war between France and England in 1690 Massachusetts participated, and to pay the expenses the colony first issued paper money. In 1692 a new charter was given to Massachusetts, by which New Plymouth was united with it. By its terms the colony of Plymouth, the provinces of Maine and Nova Scotia, as far north as the St. Lawrence River, and all the country between them, were added to the old province of Massachusetts; also the Elizabeth Islands and the islands of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard. The governor, lieutenant-governor, and colonial secretary were appointed by the crown. The charter gave the governor the power to convene and dissolve the General Court, and a veto of all its acts. The councillors first appointed by the crown were afterwards to be annually elected by the House of Representatives and the ex
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), New Sweden, founding of (search)
ime of Columbus? Every region in America was discovered in its own separate time. Virginia was discovered in the year 1497 by Sebastian Cabot, a Portuguese, who was then the captain of an English ship. Its coasts were afterwards visited by those brave knights, Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh, the latter of whom called the land Virginia, after Queen Elizabeth of England, who lived unmarried. Under this name was included all the country stretching from Cape Florida to the St. Lawrence River, which was formerly called Florida, when separate names were not yet given to its coasts. That was done about the year 1584. Captain De la Ware, under the command of the English Admiral James Chartiers, Acrelius has been led into this singular mistake by Campanius, whom he here follows. Cartier (not Chartiers) was a French subject, and discovered the St. Lawrence in 1534. Lord (not captain ) De la Ware was appointed governor of Virginia in 1610, and arrived at Jamestown on June 1
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Steam navigation. (search)
ns, of Hoboken, N. J., builds a steamboat with twin-screw propellers and an engine supplied by a flue-boiler1804 Fulton's steamboat, the Clermont, 160 tons, runs from New York to Albany in thirty-two hours, thus securing the exclusive use of the Hudson for steam navigation under grant of legislature made in 1798Aug., 1807 Phoenix, a single-screw propeller built by John Stevens, makes the first sea voyage of a steam-vessel from New York to Philadelphia1808 First steamboat on the St. Lawrence River, the Accommodation, runs from Montreal to Quebec1809 First steamboat on the western rivers, a stern-wheeler, is built by Fulton at Pittsburg1811 Comet, first passenger steamboat built in Europe, by Henry Bell, runs on the Clyde 7 1/2 miles per hour. Jan. 18,1812 Steam ferry between New York and Jersey City1812 First steam-vessel on the Thames, brought by Mr. Dodd from Glasgow1815 First steamboat on the Great Lakes, the Ontario, built at Sackett's Harbor, N. Y.1816 Walk-in-the-Wa
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