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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Engineering. (search)
so far as to say that the invention of the arch and of the potter's wheel were beneath the dignity of a philosopher. One of the first great men to take a different view was Francis Bacon. Macaulay, in his famous essay, quotes him as saying: Philosophy is the relief of man's estate, and the endowment of the human race with new powers; increasing their pleasures and mitigating their sufferings. These noble words seem to anticipate the famous definition of civil engineering, embodied by Telford in the charter of the British Institution of Civil Engineers: Engineering is the art of controlling the great powers of nature for the use and convenience of man. The seed sown by Bacon was long in producing fruit. Until the laws of nature were better known, there could be no practical application of them. Towards the end of the eighteenth century a great intellectual revival took place. In literature appeared Voltaire, Rousseau, Kant, Hume, and Goethe. In pure science there came Lap