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George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, The American revolution. (search)
representatives of the same favored class; and the kings awakened no counterpoising sentiment of loyalty so long as the house of Hanover, the creature of parliament, was represented by princes of foreign birth, ignorant of the laws and the language of the land. In this manner the government was conducted for a half century by the aristocracy, which, keeping in memory the days of Cromwell and of James the Second, were led into the persuasion that the party of liberty, to use the words of Rockingham, was that which fought up against the king and against the people. But by the side of the theory of absolute power concentred in parliament, which had twice been the sheet-anchor of the English constitution, there existed the older respect for the rights of the individual, and the liberties of organized communities. These two elements of British political life were brought into collision by the American revolution, which had its provocation in the theory of the omnipotence of parliamen
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 5: (search)
ry. No quarter, said the commissioner Johnstone, who in changing sides on the American question had not tamed the fury of his manner, no quarter ought to be shown to their congress; and, if the infernals could be let loose against them, I should approve of the measure. The proclamation certainly does mean a war of desolation: it can mean nothing else. Gibbon divided silently with the friends of America, who had with them the judgment, though not the vote, of the house. Three days later Rockingham denounced the accursed manifesto in the house of Chap. V.} 1778. lords, saying that since the coming of Christ war had not been conducted on such inhuman ideas. Lord Suffolk, in reply, appealed to the bench of bishops; on which the Bishop of Peterborough traced the resemblance between the proclamation and the acts of Butler at Wyoming. He added: There is an article in the extraordinaries of the army for scalping-knives. Great Britain defeats any hope in the justness of her cause by me
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 26: (search)
d the formation of a ministry till he could bring Rockingham to accept conditions, but the house of commons woaramount power of the aristocracy; its office, as Rockingham expressed it, to fight up against king and peoplelburne and the liberal wing of the supporters of Rockingham. Chap. XXVI.} 1782. March 21. Such a union Chathhurlow, Gower, and Weymouth, Camden, Grafton, and Rockingham. This Shelburne declined as absolutely impracticvereign and the good of the country he urged that Rockingham might be sent for. The king could not prevail witling in a number of principal persons, among whom Rockingham might be included; and when the many objections teasure were pointed out, he still refused to meet Rockingham face to face, and could not bring himself furtherice. Before accepting the offer of the treasury, Rockingham, not neglecting two or three minor matters, made on with America. In constructing his ministry, Rockingham wisely composed it of members from both fractions
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 27: (search)
st, which asserted the right of the parliament of Great Britain to make laws to bind the people and the kingdom of Ireland; and after reflection the ministry of Rockingham adopted and carried the measure. Appeals from the courts of law in Ireland to the British house of peers were abolished; the restraint on independent legislatiion of loyalty to their king, and their legislature voted one hundred thousand pounds sterling for the levy of twenty thousand seamen. During the ministry of Rockingham, the British house of commons for the first time since the days of Cromwell seriously considered the question of a reform in the representation of Great Britainliam Pitt, then without office, but the acknowledged heir of the principles of Chatham. The resolution of inquiry was received with ill-concealed repugnance by Rockingham. Its support by Fox was lukewarm, and bore the mark of his aristocratic connections. Edmund Burke, in his fixed opposition to reform, was almost beside himsel
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 28: (search)
Chapter 28: Shelburne offers peace. July, August, 1782. on the death of Rockingham, the king offered to Chap. XXVIII.} 1782. Shelburne by letter the employment of first lord of the treasury, and with it the fullest political confidence. Indeed, added the king, he has had ample sample of it by my conduct towards him since his return to my service. No British prime-minister had professed more liberal principles. He wished a liberal reform of the representation of the people of Great Britain in parliament. Far from him was the thought that the prosperity of America could be injurious to England. He regarded neighboring nations as associates ministering to each other's prosperity, and wished to form with France treaties of commerce as well as of peace. But Fox, who was entreated to remain in the ministry as secretary of state, with a colleague of his own choosing and an ample share of power, set up against him the narrow-minded Duke of Portland, under whose name the old