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John Conington, Commentary on Vergil's Aeneid, Volume 2 8 0 Browse Search
Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 4 0 Browse Search
Appian, The Civil Wars (ed. Horace White) 4 0 Browse Search
P. Vergilius Maro, Aeneid (ed. Theodore C. Williams) 4 0 Browse Search
P. Vergilius Maro, Aeneid (ed. John Dryden) 2 0 Browse Search
Cornelius Tacitus, The History (ed. Alfred John Church, William Jackson Brodribb) 2 0 Browse Search
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Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, Book 1, chapter 29 (search)
weigh with seventy-five ships and two thousand heavy infantry, sailed for Epidamnus to give battle to the Corcyraeans. The fleet was under the command of Aristeus, son of Pellichas Callicrates, son of Callias, and Timanor, son of Timanthes; the troops under that of Archetimus, son of Eurytimus, and Isarchidas, son of Isarchus. When they had reached Actium in the territory of Anactorium, at the mouth of the gulf of Ambracia, where the temple of Apollo stands, the Corcyraeans sent on a herald in a light boat to warn them not to sail against them. Meanwhile they proceeded to man their ships, all of which had been equipped for action, the old vessels being undergirded to make them seaworthy. On the return of the herald without any
Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, Book 1, chapter 30 (search)
he harbor of the Eleans, because they had furnished ships and money to Corinth. For almost the whole of the period that followed the battle they remained masters of the sea, and the allies of Corinth were harassed by Corcyraean cruisers. At last Corinth, roused by the sufferings of her allies, sent out ships and troops in the fall of the summer, who formed an encampment at Actium and about Chimerium, in Thesprotis, for the protection of Leucas and the rest of the friendly cities. The Corcyraeans on their part formed a similar station on Leukimme. Neither party made any movement, but they remained confronting each other till the end of the summer, and winter was at hand before either of them returned home.
Appian, The Civil Wars (ed. Horace White), THE CIVIL WARS, INTRODUCTION (search)
g themselves, as was natural, and Octavius, Y.R. 718 who was the superior in understanding and skill, first B.C. 36 deprived Lepidus of Africa, which had fallen to his lot, and Y.R. 723 afterward, as the result of the battle of Actium, took from B.C. 31 Antony all the provinces lying between Syria and the Adriatic gulf. Thereupon, while all the world was filled with astonishment at these wonderful displays of power, he sailed to Egypt and took that country, wvents that occurred from the time of Sempronius Gracchus to that of Cornelius Sulla; next, those that followed to the death of Cæsar. The remaining books of the civil wars treat of those waged by the triumvirs against each other and the Roman people, until the end of these conflicts, and the greatest achievement, the battle of Actium, fought by Octavius Cæsar against Antony and Cleopatra together, which will be the beginning of the Egyptian history.
John Conington, Commentary on Vergil's Aeneid, Volume 2, P. VERGILI MARONIS, line 604 (search)
t frontier of the empire (G. 2. 497), and against whom Lentulus made a successful expedition about A.U.C. 729. Catullus (11. 5. foll.) mentions the Hyrcanians and Arabians together with the Sacae and Parthians as representatives of the East, and perhaps the Hyrcani and Arabians are used in the same general way here. A special expedition was however made into Arabia Felix by Aelius Gallus, governor of Egypt under Augustus, in A.U.C. 728—30, according to Mommsen, Mon. Ancyr. p. 74. The rest relates to the real diplomatic success and imaginary warlike victories of Augustus in the East; to his protection of Tiridates, the defeated pretender to the throne of Parthia, who fled to him when he was in Syria after the battle of Actium, and to his recovery of the standards and captive soldiers of Crassus through the fears of the newly restored king Phraates A.U.C. 729. Comp. 6. 794 foll., G. 3. 30 foll. Lacrimabile bellum is the Homeric polu/dakrus *)/arhs, dakruo/eis po/lemos. Manu, 2. 645 &c.
John Conington, Commentary on Vergil's Aeneid, Volume 2, P. VERGILI MARONIS, line 626-731 (search)
On the shield was represented the various scenes in the life of the Roman nation: Romulus and Remus with the wolf, the rape of the Sabines with the consequent war and treaty, the punishment of Mettus Fuffetius, Porsenna baffled by Cocles and Cloelia, Manlius on the Capitol surprised by the Gauls, the religious ceremonials of the city, Catiline in Tartarus and Cato in Elysium, the sea and the battle of Actium, the rout, and the triumph.
John Conington, Commentary on Vergil's Aeneid, Volume 2, P. VERGILI MARONIS, line 704 (search)
The introduction of Apollo as a combatant is in the Homeric spirit, and perhaps actually suggested, as Heyne thinks, by Il. 16. 700 foll., where however Apollo has no weapon but a shield. Propertius in his poem on the battle of Actium (El. 5. 6) makes Apollo the priucipal figure, which is itself a compliment to Augustus, who wished to be considered the som of the god. It is needless to say that such a deux ex machina is much more in place in a quasi-symbolical picture than in a narrative poem: still, we may question the propriety of making Apollo at once decide a battle where the other Olympian deities were already engaged on the side of Rome.
John Conington, Commentary on Vergil's Aeneid, Volume 2, P. VERGILI MARONIS, line 705 (search)
Desuper, either from the sky or from his temple on the promontory of Actium. Eo terrore like quo motu G. 1. 329, hoc metu 12. 468 note. Aegyptos Pal. (originally), Rom. corrected, which it seems worth while to adopt, for the sake of uniformity with G. 4. 210.
P. Vergilius Maro, Aeneid (ed. John Dryden), Book 8, line 671 (search)
Betwixt the quarters flows a golden sea; But foaming surges there in silver play. The dancing dolphins with their tails divide The glitt'ring waves, and cut the precious tide. Amid the main, two mighty fleets engage Their brazen beaks, oppos'd with equal rage. Actium surveys the well-disputed prize; Leucate's wat'ry plain with foamy billows fries. Young Caesar, on the stern, in armor bright, Here leads the Romans and their gods to fight: His beamy temples shoot their flames afar, And o'er his head is hung the Julian star. Agrippa seconds him, with prosp'rous gales, And, with propitious gods, his foes assails: A naval crown, that binds his manly brows, The happy fortune of the fight foreshows. Rang'd on the line oppos'd, Antonius brings Barbarian aids, and troops of Eastern kings; Th' Arabians near, and Bactrians from afar, Of tongues discordant, and a mingled war: And, rich in gaudy robes, amidst the strife, His ill fate follows him—th' Egyptian wife. Moving they fight; with oars and f
P. Vergilius Maro, Aeneid (ed. Theodore C. Williams), Book 3, line 278 (search)
So, safe at land, our hopeless peril past, we offered thanks to Jove, and kindled high his altars with our feast and sacrifice; then, gathering on Actium's holy shore, made fair solemnities of pomp and game. My youth, anointing their smooth, naked limbs, wrestled our wonted way. For glad were we, who past so many isles of Greece had sped and 'scaped our circling foes. Now had the sun rolled through the year's full circle, and the waves were rough with icy winter's northern gales. I hung for trophy on that temple door a swelling shield of brass (which once was worn by mighty Abas) graven with this line: SPOIL OF AENEAS FROM TRIUMPHANT FOES. Then from that haven I command them forth; my good crews take the thwarts, smiting the sea with rival strokes, and skim the level main. Soon sank Phaeacia's wind-swept citadels out of our view; we skirted the bold shores of proud Epirus, in Chaonian land, and made Buthrotum's port and towering town.
P. Vergilius Maro, Aeneid (ed. Theodore C. Williams), Book 8, line 671 (search)
Encircled by these pictures ran the waves of vast, unrestful seas in flowing gold, where seemed along the azure crests to fly the hoary foam, and in a silver ring the tails of swift, emerging dolphins lashed the waters bright, and clove the tumbling brine. For the shield's central glory could be seen great fleets of brazen galleys, and the fight at Actium; where, ablaze with war's array, Leucate's peak glowed o'er the golden tide. Caesar Augustus led Italia's sons to battle: at his side concordant moved Senate and Roman People, with their gods of hearth and home, and all Olympian Powers. Uplifted on his ship he stands; his brows beneath a double glory smile, and bright over his forehead beams the Julian star. in neighboring region great Agrippa leads, by favor of fair winds and friendly Heaven, his squadron forth: upon his brows he wears the peerless emblem of his rostral crown. Opposing, in barbaric splendor shine the arms of Antony: in victor's garb from nations in the land of morn h
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