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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
ilator. Carv′er. A large, pointed knife for cutting up meat and poultry. See carving-knife. Carv′ing. The art of cutting wood, etc., to ornamental forms by means of chisels, gravers, scorpers, etc. With metals, it becomes chasing; with plastic material, molding. It is a very ancient art, having been employed in Assyria, Babylon, Persepolis, Egypt, and Greece upon chariots, furniture, weapons, and many other objects. It was about 1491 B. C. that Bezaleel, of the tribe of Judah, was specially selected for his skill as a workman in gold, silver, brass, gem cutting and setting, and carving in wood, and was commissioned to execute the work upon the Tabernacle and its furniture. Aholiab, of the tribe of Dan, was his first assistant, and he had other coadjutors not mentioned by name. The Egyptians, among whom Moses, Bezaleel, and others, had been educated, were justly renowned for their skill and taste in carving, as is abundantly shown by their chairs, biers, couches
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
ine salts and colored with metallic oxides. Used for making factitious gems. The kind known as Strass, from its inventor, is a highly refractive and pellucid glass. It contains a large quantity of oxide of lead, and frequently of borate of lead. The art was known to the ancients, some specimens having been found in the Egyptian tombs. This wonderful nation also were possessed of the art of engraving gems. Among the Jews who made their exodus from Egypt was Bezaleel, of the tribe of Judah, who was able to cut, engrave, and set precious stones, to make the stones of the breastplate like the engravings of a signet, each one with the name of one of the twelve tribes. The art of making paste for gems was lost for many centuries, but was revived near the end of the fifteenth century by a Milanese. 12. Gypsum in water for plasterers. Pasteboard. A thick paper board, made by pasting together a number of sheets of paper. This is afterward pressed to remove the water of t
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
s they should be called, as their office is like that of plowshares. The long-handled shovel with a curved, pointed blade, and a bent handle, is a Flemish tool, and a very good one. The Flemish is heart-shaped, and has no tread. The handle of the foundry-shovel is short. The blade should be of the best quality, and but slightly curved, to facilitate scattering the sand when mixing, or turning it over after casting. Mining-shovels are shown at Fig. 3178, page 1451. Bezaleel of Judah was a master mechanic, and made the shovels for the Tabernacle, 1491 B. C.; and Hiram, the widow's son of Naphtali, whose father was a man of Tyre, made the shovels for Solomon's temple, 1005 B. C. They were of brass, or rather bronze, as the copper was alloyed with tin, not zinc. From their connection in the text with pots and tongs, they were no doubt fire-shovels. The tongs were of gold. The wooden shovel (palas ligneas) was much used in Roman agriculture. Used in throwing up grai
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), W. (search)
potable. For red wine, the must is fermented on the skins. The resulting stems, seeds, and skins are placed in a vat, covered with water, and fermented. The result is a wine from which brandy is distilled. Vinegar and raisins are made on the same estate. See Haraszthy on Grape culture. The wine-press of the Bible was a vat, in which the juice was expressed by the feet of men who tramped the fruit therein, staining their legs and garment with the color of the must. Says Jacob of Judah; He washed his garments in wine, and his clothes in the blood of grapes. Says Isaiah: Wherefore art thou red in thine apparel, and thy garments like one that treadeth in the wine fat. And again: The treaders shall tread out no wine in their presses. I have made their vintage shouting to cease. Wine-presses among the ancient Egyptians were of different kinds. One kind was a bag, in which the grapes were put, and squeezed by means of twisting the bag. The accompanying illustration (Fig.