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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
h brick or concrete. Concrete or beton walls. Hollow tile walls. Iron frame with wire-work riveted thereto and covered over with plaster or concrete. See wall, where many varieties are illustrated. The means for fire-proofing the necessary openings, that is, the door and window ways, are by louvers, folding, sliding, swinging, and rolling shutters of iron. Some made double with intervening air-space; others made to close automatically by the increase of heat when exposed to fire. Hartley's patent, 1775, consisted of a plan for sheathing wooden work with thin iron plates. Earl Stanhope's plan was to pack all the interspaces of wood-work with incombustible material; preferably concrete. Of other English plans of late date may be cited, iron joists with concrete filling and upper bed supporting the flooring. See flooring, where several varieties are shown. Another plan is cellular joists of earthenware tubes imbedded in cement. Loudon recommends a floor of cement