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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
ul, it was the duty of the attendant to sweep the ears back into the box of the machine, which was driven before the ox that impelled it. The English clover-harvester of thirty years back, shown in the lower part of same figure, is of the old Gallic pattern, is drawn by one horse, and guided by handles in the rear. The load is scooped out occasionally and deposited in bunches in the field. Clover-huller. Clo′ver-hull′er. Red clover (known in England as broad clover ) came from Flanders to England and from England to the United States. Its adoption was strongly urged by Sir Richard Weston, in 1645, who saw it growing near Antwerp in 1644, and noticed the speed of its growth and how soon it recovered after mowing. In ten years it had spread through the kingdom and made its way to Ireland. Clover-Thresher. The clover-heads, previously separated from the straw by tramping or thrashing, after passing beneath the thrashing-cylinder, are raised by an endless carrier to
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
d, except with guns of the larger calibers, from 24-pounders upwards. Grape-shot. Quilted grape are formed by sewing the shot up in a sort of canvas bag, which is afterwards wrapped around with twine or cord, so as to form meshes; musket bullets put up in this way were formerly employed for blunderbusses, wall-pieces, and small artillery. Grape-trel′lis. A structure on which grapevines are trained. See trellis.. Previous to 1547 (time of Edward VI.) grapes were brought from Flanders to England. The vine was introduced into England in 1552. The statements of the growth of the vine in Britain (time of Julius Caesar) seem to lack confirmation. One of the largest vines in Europe is that of Hampton Court Palace, near London, the famous palace built by Cardinal Wolsey and given to Henry VIII. It is stated to have been planted in 1769, and to have produced 2,272 bunches of grapes in a season, weighing over 2,000 pounds; its stem being thirteen inches in girth. Graph.
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), K. (search)
y dexterously cut up their bakolo (long pig), as they call a baked human carcass, to distinguish it from short pig, the swine, whose meat it is said to resemble. Whittling is not a modern or merely American pastime: — A Shefeld thwitel bare he in his hose. Chaucer. Stow says that one Matthews on the Fleet Bridge was the first in England who made fine knives, and that he obtained an act, 1563, against the importation of foreign ones. Clasp or spring knives came to England from Flanders, and were common in 1650. In the manufacture of pocket-knives, a bar of steel destined to furnish a number of blades is heated to redness. A length is cut off, and the forger speedily motals this, that is, shapes it roughly into the form of a pocket-knife blade. Another heating is then required to fit the end for being fashioned into the tang, and another before the operation of smithing, the last stage of which is the stamping of the mark of the thumb-nail to facilitate opening. Th
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
nd Rome. It was early used in Northern Italy, and is said to have been introduced into France by Mary de Medicis. In 1483 its importation into England was prohibited. The systematic manufacture was introduced into England by refugees from Flanders. Lace was anciently worked by the needle. The invention of lace knitting is attributed to Barbara, wife of Christopher Huttman, a German miner, in 1560. A manufactory was established in France by Colbert, in 1566. Point lace was embroideI. encouraged the immigration of weavers and cloth-makers, but the art does not seem to have flourished in England as it did on the Continent, as wool continued to be a staple article of export. During the persecutions of the Duke of Alva in Flanders, in the sixteenth century, many Flemish weavers settled in England, and introduced or promoted the manufacture of baizes, serges, crapes, and other descriptions of stuffs. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 (granted to the French Pro
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), O. (search)
r, or two francs, according to the Parisian tariff. Table of Lengths of Foreign Road Measures. Place.Measure.U. S. Yards. ArabiaMile2,146 AustriaMeile (post)8,297 BadenStuden4,860 BelgiumKilometre1,093.63 BelgiumMeile2,132 BengalCoss2,000 BirmahDain4,277 BohemiaLeague (16 to 1°）7,587 BrazilLeague (18 to 1°）6,750 BremenMeile6,865 BrunswickMeile11,816 CalcuttaCoss2,160 CeylonMile1,760 ChinaLi608.5 DenmarkMul8,288 DresdenPost-meile7,432 EgyptFeddan1.47 EnglandMile1,760 FlandersMijle1,093.63 FlorenceMiglio1,809 France 1, 60931 miles = 1 kilometre. Kilometre1,093.6 GenoaMile (post)8,527 GermanyMile (15 to 1°）8,101 GreeceStadium1,083.33 GuineaJacktan4 HamburgMeile8,238 HanoverMeile8,114 HungaryMeile9,139 IndiaWarsa24.89 ItalyMile2,025 JapanInk2.038 LeghornMiglio1,809 LeipsieMeile (post)7,432 LithuaniaMeile9,781 MaltaCanna2.29 MecklenburgMeile8,238 MexicoLegua4,638 MilanMigliio1,093.63 MochaMile2,146 NaplesMiglio2,025 NetherlandsMijle1,093.
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
xth. The grain or produce rent, in contradistinction to the cash rent, is the more common mode of tenure throughout the Continent of Europe. In England it is on a cash basis. That country is rapidly drifting into the hands of a few proprietors. Thanks to the much-maligned French Revolution, the land of France is held in small freeholdings. The Hebrew land polity is the best yet. Passing over a long interval, we find that the modern plow originated in the Low Countries, so called. Flanders and Holland gave to England much of her husbandry and gardening knowledge, field, kitchen, and ornamental. Blythe's Improver improved, published in 1652, has allusions to the subject. Lummis, in 1720, imported plows from Holland. James Small of Berwickshire, Scotland, made plows and wrote treatises on the subject, 1784. He made cast-iron mold-boards and wroughtiron shares, and introduced the draft-chain. He made shares of cast-iron in 1785. The importation of what is known as the Roth
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
rtain pitch are inaudible to the human ear. Frequent endeavors have been made to decide what kind of stones are employed in the fabrication of the pien king, since they were customarily paid as tribute-money more than two thousand years before Christ by certain provinces of China. Certain authors have thought that they recognized in them a kind of black marble, and the editor of the works of Father Amiote asserts that the king or musical stone constructed in France with the black marble of Flanders was quite as sonorous as those of China. Lately a discovery was made at Kendal, in England, of some musical stones, which, when struck with a piece of iron or another stone, gave out sounds of very different pitch, and with eight of which it would be possible to attain a very distinct octave. See also Xylophone; Sticcato. Stone′head. （Mining.) The rock immediately below the alluvial deposit. Stone-mill. A machine for breaking or crushing stone. See stone-crusher; ore-crus
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
nquest of England by William the Conqueror, and supposed to have been worked under the supervision of his queen, Matilda. Tapestry was first made by the loom in Flanders. The manufactory at Fontainebleau was established by Francis I. in the sixteenth century; that at Gobelin's was enlarged under Louis XIV. The French ascribesee). The twist is usually in a direction the reverse of that given to the individual yarns. Thread of fine quality was imported into England from Holland and Flanders for many centuries. The thread for making the Honiton (Devonshire, England) lace was imported from Antwerp. Long-fibered cotton, as Sea Island, or Egyptian, nomical of tiles, and saves half of the weight, but is subject to leak in drifting rains, and to injury by hard frosts. Pan-tiles. Pan-tile. first used in Flanders, have a wavy surface, lapping under and being overlapped by the adjacent tiles of the same rank. They are made 14 1/2 × 10 1/2; expose 10 inches to the weather;