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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Raleigh, Sir Walter 1552- (search)
and his execution (Oct. 29, 1618) under the sentence of 1603. Lane, Raleigh's governor in Virginia, first introduced tobacco into England. He had learned to smoke it, and taught Raleigh. When the servant of the latter first saw his master enveloped in tobacco smoke, supposing him to be on fire, he dashed a pail of water over him. Raleigh taught the Queen to smoke. charter in favor of Sir Walter Raleigh, knight, for the discovery and planting of New lands in America, 25 March 1584. Elizabeth by the grace of God of England, France and Ireland Queene, defender of the faith, &c. To all people to whom these presents shall come, greeting. Know ye that of our especial grace, certaine science, & meere motion, we have given and graunted, and by these presents for us, our heires and successors doe give and graunt to our trusty and welbeloved servant Walter Ralegh, Esquire, and to his heires and assignes for ever, free liberty & licence from time to time, and at all times for ever here
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Scotch-Irish. (search)
d States were and are of Scotch-Irish descent—a hardy people, formed by an intermixture of Scotch, English, and Irish families, nearly 300 years ago. Queen Elizabeth found her subjects in Ireland so uncontrollable that she determined to try the experiment of transplanting to that island the reformed religion, with some of her English and Scotch subjects. It was a difficult and dangerous experiment, for the Irish regarded it simply in the light of a measure for their complete subjugation. Elizabeth did not meet with much success, but her successor, James I., did. He determined to introduce whole English and Scotch colonies into Ireland, that by so disseminating the reformed faith he might promote the loyalty of the people. These were sent chiefly to the northerly portions of Ireland; first, to six counties in Ulster, which were divided into unequal proportions—some of 2,000 acres, some of 1,500, and some of 1,000. These were allotted to different kinds of Persons—first, British u<
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Slavery. (search)
d to enter upon the piratical traffic. Several London gentlemen contributed funds liberally for the enterprise. Three ships were provided, and with these and 100 men Hawkins sailed to the coast of Guinea, where, by bribery, deception, treachery, and force, he procured at least 300 negroes and sold them to the Spaniards in Hispaniola, or Santo Domingo, and returned to England with a rich freight of pearls, sugar, and ginger. The nation was shocked by the barbarous traffic, and the Queen (Elizabeth) declared to Hawkins that, if any of the Africans were carried away without their own consent, it would be detestable, and call down the vengeance of Heaven upon the undertakers. He satisfied the Queen and continued the traffic, pretending that it was for the good of the souls of the Africans, as it introduced them to Christianity and civilization. Already negro slaves had been introduced by the Spaniards into the West Indies. They first enslaved the natives, but these were unequal to
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Smithson, James Lewis Macie -1835 (search)
Smithson, James Lewis Macie -1835 Philanthropist; place and date of birth not positively known, some authorities giving England about 1754, and others France in 1765. At the commencement of his will, he wrote: I, James Smithson, son of Hugh, third Duke of Northumberland, and Elizabeth, heiress of the Hungerfords of Audley, and niece to Charles, the proud Duke of Somerset, without giving the date of his nativity. He took his degree at Oxford University (1786) under the surname of Macie, but between 1791 and 1803 he adopted the family name of Smithson. He was distinguished at the university as a chemist; became the associate of the leading scientists of the day; and was elected fellow of the Royal Society in 1787, to the Transactions of which he contributed eight papers. At his death, in Genoa, Italy, June 27, 1829, he left about 200 manuscripts, which seemed to be chiefly portions of a philosophical dictionary. In his will, dated Oct. 23, 1826, he bequeathed to his nephew the
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), United States of America. (search)
.Name.Date of Settlement.Where first Settled.By whom Settled.Date of Admission.Area in Square Miles. 1Virginia1607JamestownEnglishThe 13 Original States.38,348 2New York1614New YorkDutch47,000 3Massachusetts1620PlymouthEnglish7,800 4New Hampshire1623Little HarborEnglish9,392 5Connecticut1633WindsorEnglish4,750 6Maryland1634St. Mary'sEnglish11,124 7Rhode Island1636ProvidenceEnglish1,308 8Delaware1638WilmingtonSwedes2,120 9North Carolina1650Chowan RiverEnglish50,704 10New Jersey1664ElizabethEnglish8,320 11South Carolina1670Ashley RiverEnglish34,000 12Pennsylvania1682PhiladelphiaEnglish43,000 13Georgia1733SavannahEnglish58,000 14Vermont1724Fort DummerEnglish179110,212 15Kentucky1775BoonesboroEnglish179237,680 16Tennessee1757Fort LondonEnglish179645,600 17Ohio1788MariettaEnglish180239,964 18Louisiana1699IbervilleFrench181249,346 19Indiana1730VincennesFrench181638,809 20Mississippi1716NatchezFrench181747,156 21Illinois1720KaskaskiaFrench181855,410 22Alabama1711MobileF
George Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, Major-General United States Army (ed. George Gordon Meade), Index. (search)
, Brig.-Gen., II, 281. Mackall, Wm. W., I, 201, 258. Macomb, J. N., I, 209, 210, 221. Magaw, Capt., I, 357. Magilton, Albert L., I, 329. Mahone, Wm., I, 278. Malvern Hill, battle of, July 1, 1862, I, 297. Mansfield, Joseph K. F., I, 46, 76, 314. Marcy, R. B., I, 313 Markoe, John, I, 222, 226, 272. Martindale, Gen., I, 280, 329. Mason, A. G., I, 316; II, 254. Mason, James M., I, 228, 234, 240. Mayo, Col., I, 296. Meade, Catherine, I, 1, 2. Meade, Elizabeth (Ingraham), I, 21, 22. Meade, Garrett, I, 1, 2. Meade, George, I, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Meade, Col., George, I, 316, 325, 333-336, 338, 341, 343, 349, 350, 354, 358, 364, 368, 369, 371, 375-377, 382, 384-386, 389; II, 2, 12, 66, 67, 102, 103, 125, 132, 134, 143, 163, 167, 180, 185, 186, 194, 200, 204, 205, 209, 229, 232, 249, 263, 264, 266, 269, 270, 277. Meade, Henrietta, I, 251; II, 144. Meade, John Sergeant, I, 55, 64, 155, 216, 222, 227, 228, 233, 246, 309, 318, 320, 323, 326,
Rebellion Record: a Diary of American Events: Documents and Narratives, Volume 1. (ed. Frank Moore), chapter 291 (search)
South, is fully illustrated in the great prosperity of the Spanish, French, and English provinces, during the whole time of the existence of slavery in them, and the sudden and continuous decline of every agricultural and other interest in each and every one of those provinces, from the day on which African slavery was abolished. Every colonial nation availed itself of this great element of laboring power. Spain, under Charles the Fifth, France, under Louis thirteenth, and England, under Elizabeth, all granted to favorite subjects a monopoly of the slave trade, and each derived revenue from the traffic; and African slavery and the slave trade became a part of the political system of each of these great European powers. England was the last to approve and encourage this traffic. At, first its advantages were rejected by her continental provinces, but at length they engaged in it with great activity and success; and the profit to the colonist, as well as to the crown, induced Englan
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
The walls were hung with tapestry and cloths long before the floors were carpeted. In Hampton Court Palace, built by Cardinal Wolsey, the beautiful floors are yet bare and the walls covered with tapestry. In the Middle Ages carpets were used before the high altar and in certain parts of the chapter. Bedside carpets are noticed in 1301, and carpets for the royal thrones in the fifteenth century. Turkey carpets before the communion-table were used in the reigns of Edward VI., Elizabeth, and the Stuarts. The manufacture of carpets was introduced into France from Persia, in the reign of Henry IV., about 1606; a manufactory being established at Chaillot, near Paris. Workmen from France introduced carpet-making into England about 1750. A carpet-factory was established at Axminster, 1755, the year of the Lisbon earthquake. There are several characteristic processes in the manufacture of carpets. 1. The web is formed of a warp and weft of flax, and the wool or wor
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
while working in his garden. So said Homer. The use of gloves in common life is a habit of late introduction. During the Middle Ages the glove was worn as a badge of distinction, and also in the helmet as a token of a lady's favor. See Hall's Chronicle, time of Henry IV. Charlemagne recognizes in a grant the use of leather in making gloves and book-covers. Ethelred II. had a present of two pairs from a merchant company. Henry II., when he lay in state, was habited in gloves. Elizabeth wore emboridered gloves, and is thus painted: — Painted leather gloves, very pretty and all the mode. — Pepys, 1663. 2. (Hat-making.) A smooth piece of wood for rubbing a sheet of felt, and causing the nap to adhere to the body when working at the battery. The glove is held in the palm of the hand and tied on by a string. Glove-mak′ing ma-chine′. The apparatus upon which gloves are stitched consists essentially of a pair of jaws opened and closed by means of a treadle, and
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), W. (search)
nd carry off the contents. The water-closet, in its essential features, was invented by Bramah. These features may be described as a pan, a discharging valve, and a water-cock which comes into action as the discharge-valve is opened. The water-closet of the palace of the Caesars was adorned with marble arabesques and mosaics. At the back is a cistern with faucets for the different seats. The pipe and basin of one still remain near the theater of Pompeii, Sir John Harrington, temp. Elizabeth, introduced them into England. The portable close stools used in the reign of Elizabeth, and placed in garrets, were called ajaxes. Fig. 7093 is a portable, self-acting water-closet. Portable water-closet. In that shown in Fig. 7094, depressing the seat pushes down a rod connected to a weighted lever, which opens the waterpipe valve, and also to the end of a second weighted lever, which opens the valve at the bottom of the pan. On the removal of the pressure, the weighted leve
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